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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 529-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic factor ; Cyclic GMP ; Diuresis ; Vasorelaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ever since the early work of Henry and Gauer (1956) it has been clear that a link exists between the atria of mammals and diuresis. In 1981, De Bold et al. described that atrial extracts, injected intravenously into rats, caused diuresis. The hormone responsible for this diuresis has quickly been identified. The peptide hormone, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which is also known as atrial natriuretic peptide(s) (ANP), cardionatrin, cardiodilatin, atrin or auriculin, has been sequenced and synthetically produced. Its genomic DNA has been cloned. ANF raises cyclic GMP in target cells and activates particulate guanylate cyclase but not soluble guanylate cyclase. So far, no other hormone has conclusively been shown to activate particulate guanylate cyclase. ANF is formed and secreted in the atria but not in the ventricles of mammals, including man. The action of ANF involves natriuresis, vasorelaxation and inhibition of aldosterone secretion. ANF or ANF derivatives may represent a therapeutically useful new class of agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Cyclic GMP ; Volume loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the effects of fluid expansion on endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), four male volunteers were studied before, during and after intravasal volume loading. Volume expansion was performed by intravenous infusion of 2,000 ml isotonic saline solution within 30 min. Mean plasma ANP levels increased 2.5-fold from 31.2 pg/ml to 81.7 pg/ml 40 min after the start of infusion. Plasma cGMP levels paralleled the rise in ANP, shwoing a mean cGMP increment from 2.7 pmol/ml to a maximum of 8.2 pmol/ml. Both ANP and cGMP levels were back to basal levels 120 min after termination of the infusion. Stimulation of endogenous ANP release by volume loading suggests that ANP is involved in the regulation of fluid homeostasis in man. The parallel rise in plasma cGMP levels supports the idea that cGMP is a mediator for the effects of ANP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Guanylyl cyclase ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Induction ; Lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  There have been conflicting reports about the occurrence and/or activity of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) sensitive guanylyl cyclase in the immune system. This study reports on ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase mRNA expression and guanylyl cyclase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) shows that activated human PBMC of healthy blood donors express functional active ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase after vitro culture, whereas freshly isolated PBMC show neither specific mRNA for particulate guanylyl cyclase nor ANP-sensitive activity of this enzyme. To define the subpopulation of PBMC expressing this enzyme, cultivated PBMC were subfractioned and analyzed by RT-PCR and in situ PCR. Only CD3+ PBMC showed mRNA for ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. Induction of the guanylyl cyclase required coincubation with other cells, indicating that a factor or factors secreted from cells other than CD3+ cells induces this expression. In summary, ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase is an inducible enzyme in human CD3+ PBMC in contrast to other cells where it is considered to be constitutive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 678-686 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Body fluid regulation ; Circadian rhythm ; Natriuresis ; Natriuretic peptide ; Space flight ; Urodilatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kidney response to weightlessness was measured in one volunteer during a 1-week space mission. Shortly after entering microgravity and later during the mission, consecutive urine sampling periods were monitored, covering in total about 50% of the inflight time. Preflight references were a sequence of ground-based experiments, which evaluated body fluid metabolism with different degrees of standardization. Additional variables, such as circadian rhythms and cortisol-associated stress, were also monitored. In contrast to current hypotheses, the volunteer showed a pronounced reduction in natriuresis and diuresis during the entire space flight, despite a considerable weight loss. For the first time, the urinary excretion of the renal natriuretic peptide urodilatin was also measured. Both, during the preflight experiments and during weightlessness, close correlations between urodilatin excretion and sodium excretion were observed. However, the correlation between natriuresis and urodilatin excretion was considerably altered during weightlessness. We conclude that the loss of body weight during space flight is not related to an increased renal fluid loss and that urodilatin might counteract the decrease in renal excretion observed in weightlessness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Calcium channel blockers ; exercise test ; atrial natriuretic peptides ; urodilatin ; hemodynamics ; natriuresis ; diuresis ; BAY t 7207
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In man, chronic antihypertensive calcium antagonist treatment improves cardiac function and reduces plasma ANF concentrations. Physical exercise increases cardiac workload and plasma ANF levels. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute administration of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist BAY t 7207 (BAY) during bicycle exercise on plasma ANF and plasma cyclic GMP levels, on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and on natriuresis and urinary urodilatin excretion. In a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled cross-over trial, 8 patients (age 56.8±2.5 y) with documented coronary artery disease and mildly impaired left ventricular function (EF 50.0±1.3%), received oral BAY (20 mg) or placebo. Forty-five minutes after medication, patients underwent a standardised exercise bicycle test in the supine position (6 min 25 W, 6 min 50 W). Before exercise, MAP was lower after BAY (88.8±4.1 mmHg) than after placebo (95.7±3.5 mmHg; p+0.024), and HR was higher after BAY (76.8±3.5 bpm) than after placebo (69.5±3.6 bpm; p+0.049). Plasma ANF tended to be higher after BAY (31.2±5.6 pg/ml) than after placebo (26.7±5.0 pg/ml), and plasma cGMP was not different (BAY 3.4±0.3, placebo 3.8±0.3 pmol/ml). During exercise, the relative increases in HR (+43%) and MAP (+17%) were identical after BAY and placebo. In contrast, ANF levels during exercise increased by 130±28% after placebo but only by 36±11% after BAY (p+0.011). In parallel, plasma cyclic GMP increased by 61±13% after placebo and by 20±8% after BAY (p+0.013). At the end of exercise, the BAY-induced reduction in plasma cyclic GMP reflected the reduction in diastolic arterial pressure (r+0.717; p+0.045). Compared to placebo, BAY treatment increased the fractional excretion rate of sodium from 0.46±0.11 to 0.90±0.22% (p+0.016), without relation to urinary urodilatin excretion. Thus, the calcium antagonist BAY t 7207 attenuated the exercise-induced increase in plasma ANF and cyclic GMP probably due to its vasodilator effect. The relationship between blood pressure and the ANF system during exercise, which parallels findings during chronic antihypertensive treatment, may open a perspective for early evaluation of long-term therapy with calcium channel blockers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Keywords Metalloproteinases ; Antagonists and inhibitors ; Neutral endopeptidase 24.11; natriuretic peptides ; atrial ; congestive heart failure ; haemodynamics ; cyclic GMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) prevents degradation of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a substance with vasodilatory and natriuretic properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the haemodynamic and endocrine effects of the NEP inhibitor candoxatril in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: In a randomized double-blind, parallel group study design, 24 patients with CHF received a 10-day oral drug treatment with candoxatril (25, 100 or 400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo. Invasive haemodynamics and laboratory parameters were measured on days 1 and 10. Results: On the first treatment day, candoxatril produced a dose-dependent increase in plasma cyclic GMP, the second messenger of ANP. At doses of 100 and 400 mg, candoxatril induced an increase (!) in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and a decrease in cardiac index (CI), which was not observed with placebo and the lower candoxatril dose. Conclusions: Despite significant activation of the ANP system, reflected by a dose-dependent increase in plasma cyclic GMP concentrations, high doses of candoxatril induced systemic vasoconstrictory rather than vasocilatory effects in patients with CHF. Therefore NEP inhibition by candoxatril may not exhibit beneficial haemodynamic effects in CHF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 152 (1988), S. 1263-1268 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 108 (1982), S. 678-686 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 163 (1989), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 972 (1988), S. 331-338 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: (Rat spleen cell) ; Guanylate cyclase ; Lipopolysaccharide ; [abr] 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine ; [abr] HBSS ; [abr] Hank's balanced salt solution ; [abr] LPS ; [abr] MIX ; [abr] lipopolysaccharide ; cyclic GMP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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