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  • 1
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Cryosection ; autoradiography ; monoamine oxidase ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 11C-labelled L-deprenyl in vitro autoradiography was used to study the regional distribution of MAO-B in human brain. 80 μm thick cryosections from two human brains, a 67 years old female and a 58 years old male, were taken on tape/paper and transferred on to a gelatinized glass plate. The sections were then incubated with 34 and 54 nM11C-L-deprenyl for 15 min and exposed to a film sensitive to high energy radiation for 2 hours. The autoradiograms obtained were analyzed by computerized densiotometry. High11C-deprenyl binding was found in the caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, substantia nigra, medial and lateral geniculate bodies, hippocampus and periaqueductal gray. Moderate to low binding was observed in cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex and white matter showed the lowest binding. The autoradiographic technique described proved to be a fast and reliable method to investigate the topographic localization of MAO-B in large cryosections of human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Cytisine ; 9-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine ; Physostigmine ; Intrathecal administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral effects of nicotine and cytisine, and the cholinesterase inhibitors physostigmine and 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA), administered intrathecally (IT) at the lumbar level in the rat have been evaluated. Antinociceptive dose relationships were established using the tail immersion test. Total activity, locomotion and rearing were also measured in computerized test boxes. The nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine, and the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, were used to study the selectivity of the effects. Physostigmine and THA significantly decreased total activity, locomotion and rearing as compared to control animals. The motor effects of physostigmine were completely antagonized by atropine whereas those of THA were antagonized only partly. Mecamylamine had no antagonistic effect. Nicotine did not affect any activity parameter. Cytisin reduced total activity and locomotion 1–6 min after dose. IT physostigmine, 15 µg, increased tail immersion latency for 30 min. No significant increase in response latency in this test was observed after the IT administration of nicotine or THA, whereas cytisine elicited a small increase. The IT administration of THA, nicotine and cytisine was also associated with gnawing, vocalization and hyperactivity and in the case of THA, diarrhoea. These effects were blocked by mecamylamine. Physostigmine antinociception as well as the behavioral effects including total activity, locomotion and rearing caused by physostigmine and by THA are most probably due to an action on spinal muscarinic receptors. Nicotinic receptors do not seem to be involved in spinal antinociception. Some aversive behavioral effects caused by the IT administration of nicotinic receptor agonists could, however, be attenuated by the spinal administration of the antagonist mecamylamine, which may indicate the involvement of nicotinic receptors in afferent sensory transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Cholinergic receptors ; opioid receptors ; spinal cord ; dorsal root ; peripheral nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in the distribution of3H-quinuclidinylbenzilate (3 H-QNB),3 H-acetylcholine (3 H-ACh) and3 H-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTx) binding sites were studied with the use of quantitative in vitro autoradiography in the L4–L6 segments of rats 7 days after ventral L4–L6-rhizotomies and 24 hours after ligation of the dorsal roots L4–L6. The changes in the binding sites of these ligands and of3 H-etorphine binding sites were also studied in the dorsal roots of the rats operated with dorsal root ligation and in the sciatic nerves (around a ligature) in the rats operated with ventral rhizotomy. After ventral rhizotomy3 H-QNB binding sites in the ipsilateral motor neuron area were decreased by about 25% from 100±5 to 73±5 fmol/mg wet weight. After dorsal root ligation3 H-QNB binding sites in the ipsilateral posterior horn were reduced by about 30% from 91±5 to 64±7 fmol/mg wet weight. No significant changes in the binding of the other cholinergic ligands in the spinal cords were observed after the operations. In the dorsal root3 H-alpha-Btx and3 H-etorphine binding sites were higher on the distal side of the ligation (3.5±0.8 and 14±4 fmol/mg wet weight, respectively) than on the proximal side (0.7±0.5 and 2.4±1.2 fmol/mg wet weight, respectively).The same level of3 H-ACh (total, muscarinic and nicotinic) binding was observed on both sides of the ligation. In the sciatic nerve3 H-QNB and total, muscarinic and nicotinic ACh binding sites were higher on the proximal side of the ligation than on the distal side. Except for a small emergence of muscarinic-ACh binding distally to the ligation there were no changes in the number of binding sites in the sciatic nerve after the ventral rhizotomy. Muscarinic antagonist binding sites are probably located on the perikarya of the motor neurons and presynaptically on the primary afferents in the posterior horn and in the dorsal root. Cholinergic agonist binding sites in the spinal cord seem less sensitive to axonal damage than antagonist binding sites. Cholinergic and opioid receptors in peripheral nerves are transported in both anterograde and retrograde directions and their origin seems to be the dorsal root ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: MAO-B ; ALS ; deprenyl ; spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present investigation has applied quantitative autoradiography and histochemistry to study the regional distribution of MAO-B and its relation to the number of cells in respective regions. L-deprenyl binds irreversibly and quantitatively to the B-form of monoamine oxidase, MAO, and is an ideal3H-ligand to measure the MAO-B enzyme protein in tissues by means of in vitro autoradiography. The investigation is performed on spinal sections from five controls and five cases with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on cervical, thoracic and lumbar level. The highest density of3H-L-deprenyl binding was found around the central canal (lamina X). MAO-B was markedly increased (up to 2.5 times of values in controls) specifically in regions of neurodegeneration e.g. motor neuron laminae and corticospinal tracts. There was a high correlation between glial cell count and3H-L-deprenyl binding with a relation indicating enhanced MAO-B protein in glial cells within areas of neurodegeneration. In contrast the increased microglial cell number in ALS did not show any correlation with3H-L-deprenyl binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; human ; insulin-like growth factors ; insulin-like growth factor receptors ; motor neurons ; receptor autoradiography ; spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotrophic factors are important for neuronal survival and maintenance in the adult nervous system. The regional distribution of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors in human spinal cords from controls and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was studied by immunohistochemistry and quantitative autoradiography. When comparing125I-IGF-1 binding in the different spinal levels of normal spinal cord the same distribution pattern was found in which the binding was highest in the central canal 〉 dorsal horn 〉 ventral horn 〉 white matter. In the ALS cases although a general upregulation of IGF-1 receptors was observed throughout the spinal cord, significant increases were observed in the cervical and sacral segments compared to controls. IGF-1 receptor immunoreactivity showed a similar pattern to that for125I-IGF-1 binding, with immunoreactivity being found in the gray matter of the spinal cord and enhanced immunoreactivity occuring in ALS patients compared to controls. In agreement with the distribution of IGF-1 receptors, IGF-1 immunoreactivity was found within the gray matter of the spinal cord. The cartography of IGF-1 receptors in the normal spinal cord as well as the change of these receptors in diseased spinal cord may be of importance in future treatment strategies of ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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