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  • 1
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In asthma a dysregulation of eosinophil apoptosis and an imbalance of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) play an important role in airway inflammation and remodelling. We evaluated the effects of a low dose of inhaled fluticasone proprionate (FP) (100 μg bid by Diskus) for 4 weeks in 24 steroid naive patients with mild persistent asthma, symptomatic and with a sputum eosinophilia ≥3% on clinical outcomes and inflammatory markers such as the induced sputum eosinophils, the induced sputum apoptotic eosinophils, the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and their molar ratio in the induced sputum supernatants. After FP treatment forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity values, PEF (L/min), sputum apoptotic eosinophils, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 molar ratio in sputum supernatants of asthmatic subjects were significantly increased in comparison with baseline, while sputum eosinophils significantly decreased. Change (Δ) in FEV1 after treatment with FP negatively correlated with the Δ in sputum eosinophils, while the Δ in MMP-9 values positively correlated with Δ in TIMP-1 values. This study shows that the clinical improvement achieved by the use of low doses of FP in asthmatics is related, at least in part, to the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation and the downregulation of remodelling markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in smooth muscle contraction and in the development of airway narrowing; preliminary evidences led us to hypothesize that ACh might also play a role in the development of airways inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:  We evaluated the concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in induced sputum, and the expression of Ach M1, M2, and M3 receptors in sputum cells (SC) obtained from 16 patients with COPD, 11 smokers, and 14 control subjects. The SC were also treated with ACh and the production of LTB4 assessed in the presence or absence of a muscarinic antagonist (oxitropium). In blood monocytes, we evaluated LTB4 release and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway after treatment with Ach.Results:  The LTB4 concentrations were higher in COPD than in controls (P 〈 0.01) and correlated with the number of neutrophil (P 〈 0.01). The M3 receptors expression was increased in COPD subjects when compared to smokers and control (P 〈 0.05 and 0.0001, respectively), while M2 expression resulted decreased (P 〈 0.05 and 0.01). The ACh-induced LTB4 production was observed in peripheral blood monocytes, and was sensitive to ERK inhibition. Similarly, ACh significantly increased neutrophil chemotactic activity and LTB4 released from SC of COPD patients only, and these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the inhibitor of ERK pathway PD98059.Conclusions:  The results obtained show that muscarinic receptors may be involved in airway inflammation in COPD subjects through ACh-induced, ERK1/2-dependent LTB4 release. Muscarinic antagonism may contribute to reduce neutrophil infiltration and activation in COPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Several in vitro studies demonstrate that corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists may have a complementary and synergistic mode of action on the inflammatory processes in asthma.Methods:  Sputum was induced in 20 mild to moderate asthmatic patients and the induced sputum cells (ISC) were cultured with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 10−7 M, salbutamol 10−8 M and formoterol 10−8 M either alone or in combination, BDP plus salbutamol and BDP plus formoterol, for 24 h. We measured the levels of growth macrophages-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), released on activation normal T cells expressed and activated (RANTES) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), in the supernatant of stimulated cells by ELISA. Furthermore, we assessed nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the expression of β2 receptor in ISC by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, respectively.Results:  The release of GM-CSF, RANTES and IL-8 in ISC was significantly reduced by BDP plus salbutamol or formoterol as compared with either drug alone (P 〈 0.0001). β2 receptor expression was increased after 30 min of incubation with BDP and continued to increase over a time period of 4 h (P 〈 0.0001). Furthermore after 30 min of incubation, nuclear translocation of GR was greater with BDP plus salbutamol or formoterol than with any of the drugs alone (P 〈 0.0001).Conclusion:  The present ex vivo study demonstrates a complementary mode of action between BDP and salbutamol or formoterol leading to an enhanced anti-inflammatory activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Gemcitabine ; Non-small-cell lung cancer ; NSCLC ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the antiproliferative and the proapoptotic ability of gemcitabine in three non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. NCI-H292 (mucoepidermoid carcinoma), NCI-CorL23 (large-cell carcinoma) and NCI-Colo699 (adenocarcinoma) cells were cultured with and without 0.5, 0.05 and 0.005 μM gemcitabine for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Gemcitabine exerted a stronger and earlier antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on H292 cells than on CorL23 or Colo699 cells. Fas receptor expression was increased in all three cell lines and was higher in Colo699 than in CorL23 cells. The incubation of NSCLC with anti-Fas agonistic monoclonal antibody (CH11) induced cell apoptosis in H292 cells, demonstrating that the Fas receptor was functionally active. Finally, gemcitabine and CH-11 exerted a synergistic effect on cell apoptosis in H292 cells. This study demonstrates that gemcitabine induces apoptosis in NSCLC and that this effect might be exerted by modulating functionally active Fas expression, and these effects of gemcitabine were stronger in H292 cells than in either CorL23 or Colo699 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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