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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 6 (1967), S. 1027-1034 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 5 (1966), S. 1125-1133 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa ; Rhodospirillaccae ; Isocitrate lyase ; Malate synthase ; Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase ; Serine pathway
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa was grown on acetate aerobically in the dark both enzymes of the glyoxylate bypass, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, could be detected. However, under anaerobic conditions in the light only isocitrate lyase, but not malate synthase, could be found. The reactions, which bypass the malate synthase reaction are those catalyzed by alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase and the enzymes of the serine pathway. Other Rhodospirillaceae were tested for isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activity after growth with acetate; they could be divided into three groups: I. organisms possessing both enzymes; 2. organisms containing malate synthase only; 3. R. gelatinosa containing only isocitrate lyase when grown anaerobically in the light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 120 (1979), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Acetogenic bacteria ; Acetic acid ; Molecular hydrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method has been worked out that allows the detection and isolation of bacteria fermenting molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide to acetic acid. The ratio of methanogenic to acetogenic bacteria in sludge and lake sediment samples has been found to be approximately 100 to 1. Acetogenic bacteria could not be detected in rumen samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 165 (1996), S. 149-163 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsMethanosarcina ; Methanobacterium ; Hydrogenase ; Heterodisulfide reductase ; CO dehydrogenase ; Methyltransferase ; Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase ; ATP synthase ; Proton motive force ; Sodium motive force
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenic archaea are strictly anaerobic organisms that derive their metabolic energy from the conversion of a restricted number of substrates to methane. H2 + CO2 and formate are converted to CH4 via the CO2-reducing pathway, while methanol and methylamines are metabolized by the methylotrophic pathway. A limited number of methanogenic organisms utilize acetate by the aceticlastic pathway. Redox reactions involved in these processes are partly catalyzed by membrane-bound enzyme systems that generate or, in the case of endergonic reactions, use electrochemical ion gradients. The H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase, the F420H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase and the CO:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase, are novel systems that generate a proton motive force by redox-potential-driven H+ translocation. The methyltetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme M methyltransferase is a unique, reversible sodium ion pump that couples methyl transfer with the transport of Na+ across the cytoplasmic membrane. Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase is a reversible ion pump that catalyzes formylation and deformylation, of methanofuran. In summary, the pathways are coupled to the generation of an electrochemical sodium ion gradient and an electrochemical proton gradient. Both ion gradients are used directly for ATP synthesis via membrane integral ATP synthases. The function of the above-mentioned systems and their components in the metabolism of methanogens are described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 38 (1961), S. 209-222 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren zur Submerskultur von Knallgasbakterien beschrieben. Es beruht auf der kräftigen Magnetrührung der Nährlösung unter einem Gemisch von H2, O2 und CO2. Der hohen O2-Empfindlichkeit der Zellen wird durch „Gradientenbegasung” Rechnung getragen. Der fakultativ chemolithotrophe Hydrogenomonas-Stamm 20 wurde bakteriologisch charakterisiert und wachstumsphysiologisch untersucht. Die Generationszeit beträgt während der log-Phase 21/6 Std, die scheinbare Verdoppelungszeit 31/5 Std (28° C).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 48 (1964), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The only carbohydrate utilized by Hydrogenomonas strains H 1, H 16 and H 20 is fructose; chemolithotrophically grown cells of strain H 16 oxidize this sugar following a lag-period of 20 min. Fructose is metabolized via the Entner-Doudoroff-pathway. During the adaptation to fructose, the level of the following enzymes increases in the cells: phosphoglucoseisomerase, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase and the enzymes characteristic of the Entner-Doudoroff-pathway. During the change from chemolithotrophic to organotrophic growth, with fructose serving as a substrate, the activity of ribulose-diphosphate carboxylase is reduced by 75% within 2 hrs. However, following repeated growth in a fructose medium, this enzyme activity decreases only very slowly. Consequently fructose-grown Hydrogenomonas H 16 is capable of fixing carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hydrogenomonas-Stämme H 1, H 16 und H 20 nutzen als einziges Kohlenhydrat Fructose; chemolithotroph gewachsene Zellen des Stammes H 16 oxydieren diesen Zucker nach einer lag-Phase von 20 min. Die Fructose wird über den Entner-Doudoroff-Weg umgesetzt; während der Adaptation erhöht sich der Gehalt der Zellen an Phosphoglucose-Isomerase, Glucose-6-phosphat-Dehydrogenase und an den für den Entner-Doudoroff-Weg charakteristischen Enzymen. Die Aktivität der Ribulosediphosphat-Carboxylase geht bei der Adaptation an Fructose innerhalb von 2 Std um 75% zurück, sinkt dann aber während mehrerer Fructose-Passagen nur langsam ab. Folglich kann selbst mit Fructose gewachsener Hydrogenomonas H 16 Kohlendioxyd über den Calvin-Cyclus fixieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 69 (1969), S. 160-170 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 0761 05 1. The pathway of gluconate fermentation by C. aceticum has been investigated. Gluconate is degraded via 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (KDG)1 and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) which is cleaved to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 2. Gluconate dehydrase was present in high activity in cells grown on gluconate, but not in cells grown on fructose. The amounts of KDG kinase and KDPG aldolase in gluconate and fructose grown cells did not differ significantly. 3. The three enzymes involved in gluconate breakdown have been characterized with respect to their requirements for reducing agents and metal ions. Gluconate dehydrase requires a sulfhydryl compound and ferrous ions for activity, KDG kinase a divalent metal ion for activity. Sulfhydryl compounds and metal ions are not necessary for KDPG aldolase activity. 4. When suspensions of washed cells of C. aceticum fermented gluconate, KDG was accumulated in the medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 235-238 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; Continuous culture ; Fumarate reduction ; Maximal growth yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Escherichia coli was grown anaerobically on sodium fumarate and molecular hydrogen or sodium formate in continuous culture. The maximal growth yield and the maintenance coefficient were determined. In a mineral medium a Y fum max value of 6.6 g dry weight per mol fumarate was found. This value increased to 7.5 when casamino acids were present in the medium. From these data and the corresponding Y ATP max values it could be calculated that per mol of fumarate reduced, 0.4 mol of ATP became available for growth. In batch culture a Yfum value of 4.8 g dry weight per mol fumarate was determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ; Clostridium kluyveri ; Electron microscopy ; Polygonal bodies ; Enzyme complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The alcohol-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase complex of Clostridium kluyveri has been separated from contaminating β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase by repeated precipitation with manganese and ammonium sulfate. Mn++ was required for maximum alcohol dehydrogenase activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme complex was 194,000 as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme complex has been shown to contain two types of subunits with molecular weights of 55,000±2,600 and 42,000±1,200, respectively which are arranged in “H”-shaped particles. In solutions with an ionic strength above 25 mM the enzyme complex precipitated in the form of lumps as has been shown with specific ferritin-conjugated antibodies. These lumps are assumed to be aggregated polygonal bodies present in C. kluyveri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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