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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 15 (1993), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Sacroiliac joint ; Computed tomography ; Secondary ossification centres ; Os sacrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des formations osseuses apparemment bilatérales, de formes et tailles différentes, localisées dans les parties antéro-supérieures et inférieures des articulations sacroiliaques, ont été observées sur les images de coupes axiales de la région pelvienne chez des patients jeunes. Aucune autre modification pathologique n'a été notée au niveau des articulations sacro-iliaques de ces individus. Chez l'un des patients, les structures osseuses pouvaient aussi être observées sur les radiographies standard. Nous avons aussi étudié cette articulation chez 3 sujets anatomiques juvéniles, par la radiographie, la TDM, l'étude macroscopique et histologique. Chez deux d'entre eux des formations osseuses semblables à celles observées chez les patients jeunes pouvaient être détectées sur les coupes TDM. Les recherches macroscopiques ont montré que ces structures étaient des points d'ossification secondaires localisés dans le cartilage articulaire de la partie latérale du sacrum en regard du 1er et du 3e segments sacrés. Si l'on se réfère à une littérature anatomique plus ancienne, ces points d'ossification épiphysaires contribuent à la surface auriculaire de la partie latérale du sacrum et à la surface libre latérale des parties caudales du sacrum. Ils peuvent être observés entre 12 et 25 ans et commencent à fusionner avec les parties latérales aux environs de la 18e année. Sur les bassins osseux provenant de pièces juvéniles conservées, les ossicules libres n'ont pas pu être décelés dans la région des articulations sacroiliaques. Les particularités histologiques du processus d'ossification observé sont discutés. Ces points d'ossification physiologiques doivent être distingués des altérations pathologiques apparaissant au scanner comme des structures osseuses ou assimilées.
    Notes: Summary Bilateral apparently bony structures of different forms and sizes located in the inferior and superior ventral parts of the sacroiliac joints were observed on axial CT images of the pelvic region of juvenile patients. No other pathological changes were noted in the sacroiliac joints of these individuals. In one patient the bony structures could also be seen on a conventional plain radiograph. We also examined 3 juvenile autopsy specimens of this joint using radiology, CT, macroscopical evaluation and histology. In two of them, structures could be detected on the CT scans which were similar to those observed in the young patients. Macroscopic investigations revealed the structures to be secondary ossification centres located in the articular cartilage of the lateral part of the os sacrum at the levels of the first and third sacral segments. According to older anatomical literature, these epiphysial ossification centres contribute to the auricular surface of the lateral part of the os sacrum and the free lateral surface of the inferior sacral parts. They can be observed between the ages of 12 and 25 years and begin to synostose with the lateral part around the age of 18 years. In macerated juvenile specimens of the bony pelvis, free ossicles were not detectable in the region of the sacroiliac joints. Histological peculiarities of the ossification process observed are discussed. These physiologically occurring ossification centres are to be differentiated from pathological alterations appearing as bony or bone-like structures on CT scans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Breast radiography ; Technology ; Breast neoplasms ; calcification ; Radiation dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of our study was to evaluate a mammography unit capable of magnification of up to fourfold at an equivalent or lower dose than with current systems. A prototype mammography tube with an electron-beam-focusing technology resulting in a focal spot size of 40–120 μm was combined with a highly intensifying screen-film system. To evaluate contrast-detail resolution, phantom radiographs were performed with the prototype magnification mammography system using a magnification factor of 1.7 for survey views and a magnification factor of 4.0 for spot views. They were compared with unmagnified survey views and magnification spot views (magnification factor 1.9) of a state-of-the-art mammography system. The radiation exposure was measured and mean glandular doses were calculated. The contrast-detail resolution with both prototype (m = 1.7) and conventional (m = 1.1) survey views was equivalent while the entrance dose and the mean glandular dose were approximately 50 % lower with the prototype. For spot views, the contrast-detail resolution was substantially higher for the prototype than for conventional magnification while the dose was equivalent. Dose reduction and improved detail resolution are possible with this new technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Carcinoma of the breast ; MR imaging ; Prognostic factors ; Histopathology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in patients with breast cancer. A total of 190 patients with breast cancer (37 noninvasive carcinomas, 153 invasive carcinomas) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR mammography preoperatively. Using 1.5-T unit, T1-weighted sequences (2D FLASH) were obtained repeatedly one time before and five times after IV administration of 0.1 mmol gadopentetate-dimeglumine per kilogram body weight. The findings on MR imaging were correlated with histopathologically defined prognostic factors (histological type, tumor size, tumor grading, metastasis in lymph nodes). In addition, immunohistochemically defined prognostic factors (c-erbB-1,c-erbB-2, p53, Ki-67) were correlated with the signal increase on MR mammogram in 40 patients. There was no significant correlation between the findings on MR mammography and the histopathological type of carcinoma, the grading, and the lymphonodular status. Noninvasive carcinomas showed a higher rate of moderate (38 %) or low (27 %) enhancement on MR imaging than invasive carcinomas (6 and 3 %). The results on MR mammography and the results of immunohistochemical stainings did not correlate significantly. Noninvasive carcinomas showed significantly lower enhancement than invasive carcinomas. However, the signal behavior of contrast-enhanced MR mammography is not related to established histopathological prognostic parameters as subtyping, grading, nodal status, and the expression of certain oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 929-931 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: MR imaging ; Mammography ; Breast cancer ; Tumor vascularization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report an unusual case of an invasive breast carcinoma massed by contrast enhanced MR mammography due to rare pathological tumor vascularization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1625-1628 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Clear-cell chondrosarcoma ; Larynx ; Computed tomography ; Inner surface image ; Surface-rendering image
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of a large low-grade mixed clear-cell and conventional chondrosarcoma of the larynx is reported involving the paraglottic space, the cricoid and thyroid cartilage and characterized by an unusual long clinical course over 22 years, although multiple recurrences occurred without developing metastases. Computed tomography suggests diagnosis by detecting calcifications and adequately demonstrates the extension of the tumor. Innersurface and surface-rendering images document the airway stenosis in all directions. The unusual feature of this case consists in the peculiar histopathological differentiation of the observed chondrosarcoma showing a large clear-cell component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Iotrolan ; CT ; MR ; Arthrography ; Gd-DTPA ; Gleuchumeral joint
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of conventional arthrography versus computed tomography (CT) arthrography of the glenohumeral joint using iotrolan was evaluated in patients with different shoulder problems. In addition, a diagnostic combination of conventional and CT arthrography was compared with magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the glenohumeral joint. Two diagnostic protocols were used. Protocol 1: conventional followed after 30 min by CT arthrography of 37 joints using a double contrast technique with iotrolan 300. Protocol 2: conventional followed after 90–180 min by MR arthrography in 20 patients using a single-contrast technique with 10 ml iotrolan 300 and 1 ml gedopentetate dimeglumine 500 mM. Ten patients also underwent CT arthrography. Neither patient group experienced contrast-related complications. Image quality was good for all conventional arthrograms, excellent in 45/47 CT arthrograms and good in 20 MR arthrograms. CT and MR arthrography were diagnostically valuable in many patients. We conclude that glenohumeral joint evaluation should be perfomed first using conventional or CT arthrography. Iotrolan has proven to be highly reliable and safe in these applications. Iotrolan in combination with gadopentetate dimeglumine, permits MR arthrography following completion of the standard examinations if necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Breast neoplasms ; Breast MR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to assess the value of contrast-enhanced dynamic breast imaging in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). Fourteen patients presenting with metastatic disease compatible with breast cancer (axillary lymph node metastasis: n = 6; supraclavicular lymph node metastasis: n = 1; bone metastasis: n = 3; liver metastasis: n = 3; lung metastasis: n = 1), who had no evidence of tumor in X-ray mammograms and ultrasound, underwent bilateral dynamic breast MR imaging. Suspicious lesions were localized preoperatively using a stereotactic device for MR-guided localization procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed suspicious lesions in 9 of 14 patients. Histopathology revealed invasive carcinoma of the breast in 6 of these patients. Two enhancing lesions were fibroadenomas; one proved to be sclerosing adenosis. In 5 patients MR imaging showed no abnormality. Follow-ups performed up to 1 year after initial treatment revealed no breast cancers in these 5 patients. In patients with metastatic disease of unknown primary, MRI of the breast depicts the primary in a considerable number of cases with normal conventional evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 413-415 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Schlußfolgerung Bei Beachtung der Indikationsstellung (HE bei Nullparität mit enger Vagina bzw. immobilem Uterus mit zu erwartenden Verwachsungen) und vorheriger Sicherung des Ureter-Zervixabstandes, stellt dieses Verfahren durch seine minimale Invasivität eine Bereicherung der traditionellen Operationstechniken dar, welches nicht als Konkurrenzmethode zur abdominalen Uterusexstirpation zu sehen ist, sondern als ein Mittel, die Indikation zur vaginalen Operation zu erweitern und die Sicherheit dieses Eingriffes zu erhöhen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging – Breast – Quality assurance – Phantom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A phantom consisting of four components was developed to simulate contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast. These components included the correlation between the signal intensity and the contrast medium concentration, the uniformity of signals within surface coils, artefacts due to opposed-phase imaging effects, spatial resolution and the acquisition of relevant signal-to-time curves. Repetitive measurements demonstrated an excellent reproduction of phantom imaging with a deviation in signal intensity of approximately 5 %. The presented phantom allows the optimization of examination protocols as well as the comparison of different examination techniques. Furthermore, it enables the routine quality monitoring of contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 692-701 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Carcinoma of breast • Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of breast • MR imaging-guided intervention • Preoperative localization • Percutaneous biopsy • MR imaging-compatible needle equipment ; Schlüsselwörter Mammakarzinom • Dynamische MR Mammographie • MRT-gestützte Intervention • Pröoperative Lokalisation • Perkutane Biopsie • MRT-kompatible Punktionsmaterialien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Suspekte Herdbefunde in der dynamischen MR Mammographie, die mit anderen bildgebenden Verfahren nicht darstellbar sind, könnnen durch MRT-gestützte Interventionen weitergehend bioptisch abgeklärt oder präoperativ markiert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Möglichkeiten sowie Vor- und Nachteile der von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen verwendeten Punktionsvorrichtungen. Weiterhin wird die Palette der derzeit zur Verügung stehenden Punktions- und Markierungsmaterialien präsentiert. Hinsichtlich der suszeptibilitätsbedingten Signalveränderungen kommen hierbei insbesondere der Nadelangulierung und der Sequenzwahl eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Zusätzlich zur Illustration repräsentativer Kasuistiken wird das Procedere bei speziellen Problemfällen (Multizentrischer Tumornachweis, bilateraler Tumornachweis) diskutiert. Hinsichtlich der Dokumentation der kompletten Herdentfernung nach MRT-gestützter präoperativer Markierung hat sich die Kontrolluntersuchung innerhalb der ersten postoperativen Woche als sinnvoll erwiesen. In der eigenen Abteilung wurden bisher 174 MRT-gestützte Interventionen durchgeführt. Hierbei ergaben sich bei 36 perkutanen Biopsien zytologisch bzw. histologisch in 67 % der Fälle gutartige und in 25 % der Fälle bösartige Veränderungen. Bei 3 Patienten war das Biopsat insuffizient. Bei 136 MRT-gestützten präoperativen Lokalisationen ergab die histologische Aufarbeitung des Präparates in 51 % einen benignen und in 49 % einen malignen Befund. In 3 Fällen wurde die suspekte Läsion durch den Chirurgen primär nicht entfernt. MRT-gestützte Interventionen der Mamma werden an der Universität Göttingen inzwischen routinemäßig durchgeführt.
    Notes: Summary If suspicious lesions found with MR imaging cannot be visualized by either mammography or ultrasound, MR imaging – based guidance systems are needed to guide needle biopsy or to allow localization of the lesion before surgery. The authors give an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of biopsy devices presented by different working groups. Furthermore, MR-compatible needle equipment for interventions of the breast is demonstrated. The angulation of the needle and the type of sequence are the most important factors for signal loss due to susceptibility. The strategy in special problem cases (multicentricity, bilateral lesions) is discussed. Control MR imaging within the first week after open biopsy is the best way to document the complete excision of a suspicious hypervascularized lesion after MR-guided wire localization. At our institute, percutaneous biopsy (36 interventions) revealed benign findings in 67 % and malignant lesions in 25 % of cases. Three biopsies were insufficient. Histology after MR-guided wire localization (136 interventions) showed benign findings in 51 % and malignancy in 49 % of cases. The suspicious lesion was missed by the surgeion in three cases. We perform MR-guided interventions of the breast routinely in indicated cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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