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  • 1
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    Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific
    Keywords: Electromagnetism. ; Électromagnétisme. ; Optique quantique. ; Quantum optics. ; Quantum theory. ; Théorie quantique.
    Pages: xix, 416 p.
    Edition: 2nd ed
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3822-3824 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Earlier work [C. A. Grimes et al., Smart Mater. Struct. 8, 639, (1999)] has shown that upon immersion in liquid the resonant frequency of a magnetoelastic sensor shifts linearly in response to the square root of the liquid density and viscosity product. It is shown that comparison between a pair of magnetoelastic sensors with different degrees of surface roughness can be used to simultaneously determine the liquid density and viscosity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1441-1446 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A ribbon-like magnetoelastic thick-film sensor can be considered the magnetic analog of an acoustic bell. In response to an externally applied magnetic field impulse the magnetoelastic sensor magnetically rings, in a bell-like fashion, emitting magnetic flux with a characteristic resonant frequency that is determined from a fast Fourier transform of the transient response captured using a pickup coil. The resonant frequency of the sensor changes in response to mass loading and, when immersed in liquid, interfacial shear forces associated with viscosity. We report on the use of magnetoelastic sensors to measure the viscosity and density of highly viscous liquids. When characterizing highly viscous liquids, to avoid over damping of the sensor due to the liquid mass load the sensor is suspended from a boat-like structure with one end of the sensor immersed a fixed distance into the liquid. Using this method liquid viscosities ranging from 1.3 to 12 P are measured. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To better understand wave propagation through magnetic media we have measured the high-frequency off-diagonal permeability tensor components of magnetic thin films using a thin-film permeameter. Although the off-diagonal components are commonly considered to be of negligible value, for some materials they are substantial, of a magnitude comparable to that of the diagonal terms. Since the out-of-plane off-diagonal coupling terms are primarily imaginary below resonance, and real above, they may introduce unexpected phase errors into the read/write process of magnetic recording and bulk material measurements and are therefore worthy of attention. The permeameters used to measured the off-diagonal terms are based upon the design of C. A. Grimes, P. L. Trouilloid, and R. M. Walser [IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-24, 603 (1988)], which measure diagonal terms, but with different pickup coil and sample seat geometries. For z normal to the film, and with x and y defining, respectively, the hard and easy magnetization axes of the basal plane we measure μxy and μxz. A microwave scattering parameter test set is used to measure the scattering parameters of the jig from which the complex permeability is determined. The permeameters reported on here operate over the frequency range of approximately 10–600 MHz, and have a low level permeance detection limit of about 1 μm. Measurements of cosputtered amorphous Co55Zr45 thin films show that the out-of-plane permeability coupling term μxz is a significant fraction of the basal plane hard axis permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5497-5499 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We examine the low frequency BH loop and complex permeability spectra of multilayer permalloy films laser processed to define samples consisting of stripes parallel to the as-deposited hard axis. We begin by examining different laser energy densities for groove definition in films of different thickness. We observe that for well coupled multilayer films with thin, 15 nm, spacer layers the demagnetizing field, which is a function of groove depth, is able to reorient the easy and hard axes from the initial orientation. As the groove becomes more clearly defined the hard axis permeability increases, while the easy axis permeability decreases. The role of stripe width and ambient processing atmosphere are also investigated. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4720-4722 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Although considerable work has been done investigating the properties of arrays of magnetic elements, there have been few investigations on the reverse geometry, i.e., an array of nonmagnetic regions defined within a magnetic thin film. The 10 Hz BH loops, 10–500 MHz permeability spectra, and domain patterns of homogeneous, single layer 100 nm radio frequency (rf) sputtered Ni81Fe19 thin films with arrays of 23-, 50-, and 100-μm-diam holes defined by laser ablation were measured. The holes were defined in a grid along the hard and easy axes of the sample. Letting (x,y) represent, respectively, the hole spacing parallel to the easy and hard axes, the point to point spacing of the ablated circular regions was varied from (5, 2 mm) to (0.1, 0.1 mm). © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4548-4552 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A significant high-frequency magnetic susceptibility was measured both in weakly polarized and nonpolarized samples of barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, and carnauba wax. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were made from 10 to 500 MHz using a thin film permeameter at room temperature; initial susceptibilities ranged from 0.1 to 2.5. These values are larger than expected for paramagnets and smaller than expected for ferromagnets. It was found that the magnetic susceptibility decreases rapidly with exposure to the exciting field. The origin of the magnetic susceptibility is thought to originate with the applied time varying electric field associated with the susceptibility measurements. An electric field acts to rotate an electric dipole, creating a magnetic quadrupole if the two moments are balanced, and a net magnetic dipole moment if imbalanced. It is thought that local electrostatic fields created at ferroelectric domain discontinuities associated with grain boundaries create an imbalance in the anion rotation that results in a net, measurable, magnetic moment. The origin of the magnetic aftereffect may be due to the local heating of the material through the moving charges associated with the magnetic moment. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4581-4583 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of different undercoats and silicon nitride nucleating layers on the coercive force, anisotropy field, and 5 to 100 MHz complex permeability spectra of magnetically soft, Ni81Fe19 multilayer thin films sputtered onto flexible, 52-μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate substrate for use as identification markers or electromagnetic interference shields is reported. In comparison to films deposited directly onto the substrate, nonmagnetic undercoat layers, including aluminum, copper, silicon, and silicon nitride, are found to increase the soft magnetic properties of subsequently deposited films. Nucleating layer effects are dependent upon the undercoat/nucleating layer combination. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6959-6959 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recording heads are commonly built in a multilayer stack to eliminate or reduce domain walls by allowing flux closure, or magnetostatic coupling, between the magnetic layers across nonmagnetic spacers. Use of an electrically insulating spacer material will reduce eddy current shielding increasing the high frequency performance of the head. As magnetic recording systems continue their trend to higher operating frequencies knowledge of the rf permeability of head-like multilayer materials becomes quite important. We examine the complex, rf permeability spectra of dc planar magnetron sputtered FeNi multilayer films as a function of spacer material, number of layers, and thickness of the spacer and magnetic layer. The permeability spectra are measured using a permeameter over the frequency range 3–300 MHz. The spacer materials examined include several metals and metal alloys, the corresponding oxides, silicon, and silicon nitride. The magnetic layer is, by weight, 81.8% Ni and 18.2% Fe. We have found that for a constant magnetic layer thickness, as the nonmagnetic spacer thickness decreases from 30 to 10 nm the permeability magnitude of the multilayer stack increases and the resonance frequency shifts to lower values. As the spacer thickness increases above 30 nm the permeability response remains constant with a negligible value of μ‘. The permeability spectra are approximately the same for spacer layers made of metal or their corresponding oxides. Spacer layers made of Si3N4 result in permeability spectra with the highest permeability magnitudes. For example, the permeability magnitude of a multilayer stack composed of four 120 nm FeNi layers separated by 10 nm spacers is approximately 2000 for metal spacers, 2300 for Si spacers, and 4200 for Si3N4 spacers. For a fixed number of multilayer pairs and constant spacer layer thickness making the FeNi layer thicker tends to increase the permeability magnitude, reduce the resonance frequency, and lower the low frequency coercive force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6186-6188 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work addresses the relationship between grain properties, grain packing density, and the permeability and permittivity spectra of composite, polycrystalline material. The scattered multipolar fields about a single sphere are related to the polarizability of an ordered congregation of such spheres. Using the Clausius–Mossotti relation the effective permeability and permittivity spectra of a congregate polycrystalline material, formed by a cubic array of identical spheres, is determined for arbitrary packing density, permittivity, and permeability of the individual spheres. Although the spectra are considered over a range where the product of the external wave vector and sphere radius is kept small, typically less than one-tenth, the product of the internal wave vector and sphere radius is unrestricted. Changes in the packing density and internal wavelength have a dramatic effect on the calculated permeability and permittivity spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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