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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 222-224 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Phospholipase A ; Neutrophils ; Macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inflammatory cells, e.g., neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages are presumed to be a source of circulating phospholipase A in nonpancreatic diseases. Therefore, we investigated in a preliminary study whether serum phospholipase A activity is related to leukocyte counts in 43 patients with hematological diseases. Serum PLA activity was significantly increased in patients with Hodgkin's disease, acute monocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and polycythemia vera when compared with patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and acute myelogenous leukemia, but did not correlate with total leukocyte counts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 144-148 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Phospholipase A1 ; Phospholipase A2 ; Inflammation ; Pancreas ; Phagocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of a photometric procedure to measure phospholipase A activity has extended previous observations that this enzyme activity increases in several pathological states including pancreatic and inflammatory diseases. Serum phospholipase A in pancreatitis was characterized as a mixture of the pancreatic enzyme and a different phospholipase with a pH optimum at 8.0. The latter enzyme was also observed in nonpancreatic diseases like septicemia and acute lung failure which are characterized by an increase in tissue phagocyte activity. The possible pathogenic role of phospholipase(s) A, their intracellular regulation and the proposed mechanisms of release into the blood stream are discussed with respect to the present pathobiochemical knowledge. This includes the mechanism of activation of phagocytosis and the possible role of lipocortins known to be stimulated by glucocorticoid treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Alzheimer-Krankheit ; Tau-Protein ; Liquor cerebrospinalis ; Früherkennung ; Key words Alzheimer’s disease ; Protein tau ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Early recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 40 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in 5 patients with non-AD dementia and in 36 cognitively normal controls the concentration of protein tau was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Of the AD patients, 19 were very mildly demented (MMSE score from 25 to 28). Even in these patients, CSF tau was significantly more elevated than in controls. In the non-AD patients protein tau was less increased. Among the AD patients there was no association between CSF tau and severity of cognitive impairment or deficit in cerebral blood flow, determined by SPECT. Our findings suggest that CSF tau may be elevated even at the predementia stage of AD and be useful as a biological marker for the early recognition of the disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 40 Alzheimer-Patienten, 5 Patienten mit Demenzen anderer Ursache und 36 kognitiv unauffälligen Kontrollpersonen wurde das Tau-Protein im Liquor cerebrospinalis bestimmt. Von den Alzheimer-Patienten befanden sich 19 in einem sehr leichtgradigen Stadium der Krankheit (Summenwert im Mini-Mental-State-Test 25 bis 28 Punkte). Auch bei diesen wurde gegenüber den Kontrollpersonen eine signifikante Erhöhung von Tau gemessen. Eine weniger ausgeprägte Erhöhung von Tau zeigte sich bei den Patienten mit anderen Demenzen. Bei den Alzheimer-Patienten fand sich kein quantitativer Zusammenhang zwischen der Erhöhung von Tau und dem Schweregrad der Demenz oder dem zerebralen Perfusionsdefizit, bestimmt mit SPECT. Die Ergebnisse sind ein Hinweis, daß Tau auch im prädementiellen Stadium der Alzheimer-Krankheit erhöht sein könnte und sich als biologischer Indikator für die Früherkennung eignet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1091-1095 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Organic osmolytes ; Rat kidney ; Diabetes insipidus ; Diabetes mellitus ; Hormone treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four organic small molecules belonging to the chemical groups of trimethylamines (betaine and glycerophosphorylcholine) and polyols (sorbitol and inositol) have been shown to act as organic osmolytes in the kidney. When measured along the corticopapillary axis, each exhibits a specific distribution pattern, indicating a specific localization and function. Studying their behaviour under vasopressin treatment in diabetes insipidus rats and after insulin treatment in diabetes mellitus rats confirmed this conclusion: AVP led to a steady increase of sorbitol and glycerophosphorylcholine over 7 days with no effect on inositol levels. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats, on the other hand, decreased sorbitol with a concomitant increase in glycerophosphorylcholine, again without any effect on tubular inositol concentrations. From this and in vitro studies it can be concluded that both hormones act by indirect mechanisms which alter interstitial osmolality. This in turn leads to a change in tubular osmolyte synthesis, uptake and release rates. In addition, the concentrations of the respective precursors glucose and choline influence the formation rates of sorbitol and betaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 68-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hematuria ; Proteinuria ; α 2-Macro-globulin ; IgG ; Albumin ; α 1-Microglobulin ; Turbidimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hematuria caused by prerenal, glomerular, postglomerular, and postrenal causes is usually differentiated by a number of noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures. In the present study we have applied a new analytical strategy based on observations that the various forms of hematuria can be classified by their typical protein pattern. When analyzed by quantitative turbidimetric assays, urines from postrenal hematurias contained high-molecular-weight proteins (α 2-macroglobulin and IgG) in proportions found in plasma. Relating excretion rates (mg/mg) of these proteins to those of albumin, ratios forα 2-macroglobulin/albumin and IgG/albumin were 2.0−31×10−2 and 20.0 –180×10−2, respectively. In contrast, glomerular hematurias exhibited ratios of 0.01−2.0×10−2 (α 2macroglobulin/albumin) and 2.0−20×10−2 (IgG/albumin). Additional determination ofα 1-microglobulin allowed us to differentiate postglomerular hematurias caused by interstitial nephropathies from glomerular and postrenal diseases. Critical evaluation of 93 cases diagnosed by independent clinical examination including histology, sonography, and cystoscopy revealed that the criteria derived from protein measurements resulted in correct classification when urine albumin exceeds 100 mg/l. This noninvasive procedure is expected to be of considerable help in the primary care of patients with unexplained hematuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 849-856 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney Tubule ; Kallikrein ; Kinin ; Kininase ; Kininogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The complete renal kallikrein kinin system has recently been localized in defined nephron segments. Kallikrein was found to be formed and secreted by connecting tubule cells in the late distal convoluted tubule, whereas kininogen and a novel kininase were located in collecting tubules. Kinins were shown to act on collecting tubule as well as medullary interstitial cells and the renal vasculature. The literature on interactions of this system with renal sodium transport is conflicting. Renal and urinary kallikrein was found to be increased under sodium restricted conditions, whereas kinin has a diuretic and natriuretic effect in the collecting tubule, when added from the basolateral surface. On the other hand renal kallikrein activity and connecting tubule cell morphology change in parallel with dietary potassium load indicating a coupling to potassium secretion. The possible role of the renal kallikrein kinin system in regulating collecting tubule function by tubular and vascular effects is outlined in spite of many open questions which remain to be answered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 330 (1988), S. 428-429 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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