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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In vivo micropuncture techniques, with and without peritubular capillary perfusion, were used to study the effects of high extracellular Na and Cl concentrations on transepithelial volume (Jv) and sodium (JNa) fluxes in rat proximal tubules.2. In a double blind manner, the shrinking drop technique of Gertz was used to measure Jv; JNa was calculated from this and the tubular fluid Na concentration.3. At both 184 and 279 mmol/l pericellular Na concentrations (both inside and outside the tubular epithelium), net Jv decreased significantly by 15 and 64%, respectively. Net JNa remained constant at 184 but decreased by 29% at 279 mmol/l Na concentration.4. Thus, at both Na concentrations, when translated to free flow conditions, fractional Na reabsorption must have decreased. These findings, also supported by previous results at these Na concentrations, indicate that active Na transport was inhibited by high pericellular Na concentrations.5. When intratubular Cl concentration was varied between 108 and 138 mmol/l while peritubular Cl was maintained constant (blood perfusing the capillaries), neither Jv nor JNa changed. Thus, at zero tubular flow, differential Cl/HCO3 concentrations do not provide significant driving forces for net Jv or JNa.6. When only intratubular but not peritubular Na was elevated to 279 mmol/l, Jv and JNa increased markedly by 50 and 187%, providing evidence that a true solvent drag (solute drag) effect does exist in rat proximal tubules.7. These findings offer a mechanism to explain why Na reabsorption is not increased when the filtered load of Na is increased with an elevation of plasma Na. That is, the high Na, which surrounds the tubular epithelium, inhibits Na and volume flux at the cellular level by mechanisms as yet unknown. The results also showed that differential Cl/HCO3 concentrations made no difference to Na or volume fluxes at zero tubular flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 10 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Capillary permeability (CP) is elevated in late normal pregnancy, when compared to postpartum values.2. In women with pregnancy associated hypertension (PAH), pregnancy CP levels are not different from postpartum and are less than in normal pregnancy.3. These changes in capillary permeability are not explained by alterations in serum albumin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 12 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Short-term salt loading and salt restriction in a group of normal pregnant women produced no changes in lying, sitting or standing blood pressures or heart rates.2. Home blood pressures showed no trend to change over the periods of altered salt intake.3. Although plasma volume and plasma renin activity changed with altered salt intake, there were no relationships between changes in these parameters and changes in mean arterial pressures (MAP) between the low and high salt diets.4. Capillary permeability and echocardiographic dimensions were unchanged by salt intake once sodium balance had been established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 327 (1971), S. 234-260 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sodium Reabsorption ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Metabolic Inhibitors ; Na+−K+ ATPase ; Exogenous Energy Supply ; Carrier Albumin ; Natriumresorption ; Oxidative Phosphorilierung ; Stoffwechselhemmstoffe ; Na+−K+-ATPase ; Exogene Energiezufuhr ; Träger-Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Mikropunktionsexperimenten wurde der Einfluß verschiedener Stoffwechselinhibitoren auf die isotone Flüssigkeitsresorption (J V ) im proximalen Tubules der Ratte untersucht. In Parallelversuchen wurde die Aktivität von Na+−K+-aktivierbarem Ouabain hemmbarem ATP-Phosphohydrolase (Na+−K+-ATPase) in Plasmamembranen bestimmt, die aus der Rattennierenrinde isoliert wurden. Sowohl Oligomycin (5·10−5 M, 10−4 M) als auch Antimycin A (10−5 M, 10−4 M) hemmen bei intratubulärer Applikation die Flüssigkeitsresorption zu 80%, jedoch nur bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Rinderserumalbumin. Die gleichen Konzentrationen hemmen die Na+−K+-ATPase zu 77% und 82% beziehungsweise 55% und 95%. Phosphoenolpyruvat in einer Konzentration von 5·10−3 M kann bei Verwendung von 10−5 M Antimycin A die Hemmung der Flüssigkeitsresorption teilweise aufheben. Bei dieser Antimycin A-Konzentration ist die Hemmung der Na+−K+-ATPase relative gering. CCCP, ein Entkoppler der oxydativen Phosphorylierung und KCN (5·10−3 M), hemmen nur bei peritubulärer Perfusion die Flüssigkeitsresorption zu 100%. Diese Befunde weisen darauf hin, daß diegesamte Flüssigkeitsresorption im proximalen Tubulus Energie abhängig ist, die durchoxydative Prozesse gewonnen wird. Für mindestens 80% der Natriumresorption wird die Energie durch ATP bereitgestellt, für die restlichen 20% ist jedoch eine nicht mit ATP identische Energieform verantwortlich.
    Notes: Summary The effects of various metabolic inhibitors on isotonic fluid absorption (J V ) in rat proximal tubules and on the Na+−K+-ATPase of isolated cell membranes of rat kidney cortex were investigated by the shrinking split oil droplet technique and biochemical methods respectively. Both Oligomycin (5×10−5 M, 10−4 M) and Antimycin A (10−5 M, 10−4 M) inhibited isotonic fluid absorption by 80% when applied intratubularly but only in conjunction with bovine serum albumin. At these concentrations they inhibited a Na+−K+ activated adenosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase (Na+−K+ ATPase E.C. 3.6.1.3.) of cell membranes isolated from rat kidney cortex by 77%, 82% and 55%, 95%, respectively. Sodium phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) 5×10−3 M could partially reverse the inhibition of the isotonic fluid absorption but only with 10−5 M Antimycin A when the Na+−K+ ATPase inhibition was apparently small. The uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) (10−3 M), as well as sodium cyanide (5×10−3 M) inhibitedJ V 100%, but only when applied through peritubular blood capillary perfusion. From these findings it was concluded thatall proximal tubular isotonic fluid absorption is supported by energy fromoxidative processes, and that in a least 80% of this sodium reabsorption, ATP from oxidative phosphorylation is directly involved, while, for the remaining 20% non ATP energy is responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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