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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hemihepatektomie ; Hämodynamik ; Oxygenierung ; Lebervenenkatheter ; Key words Hemihepatectomy ; Hemodynamic ; Oxygenation ; Liver venous catheter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare low dose dopamine and dopexamine with respect to of liver-venous oxygen saturation, oxygen delivery and – demand, liver function tests and cardiocirculatory effects in the reperfusion period during a hemihepatectomy operation with occlusion of the liver hilus. Methods: Twenty patients were studied in a randomised, doubleblind setting. They either received 2 µg/kg per min dopamine or 0.5 µg/kg per min dopexamine perioperatively. For monitoring purposes a pulmonary artery and a liver venous catheter were placed. At four different time points hemodynamic parameter were assessed and blood samples were drawn. Results: Significant changes between groups were found 5 min after opening the liver hilus for the cardiac index and the systemic oxygen delivery, as well as at the end of the operation for pulmonary shunt volume, which had increased more in the dopexamine group. No significant difference between liver venous oxygen saturation and liver function tests was found. Conclusion: Until more detailed studies concerning the influence of dopamine on the hepatic-splanchnic region during liver surgery are performed, dopexamine can not be considered superior to dopamine during these operations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Gibt es einen Unterschied bezüglich der leber-venösen Sauerstoffsättigung, des Sauerstoffangebots und -verbrauchs, der Leberfunktion sowie der kardiozirkulatorischen Effekte während der Reperfusion zwischen niedrig dosiertem Dopamin und Dopexamin bei Leberteilresektionen mit Leberhilusokklusion? Methodik: 20 Patienten wurden randomisiert, doppelblind in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt und erhielten entweder 2 µg/kg/min Dopamin oder 0,5 µg/kg/min Dopexamin. Für das perioperative Monitoring wurden ein pulmonalarterieller- und ein Lebervenenkatheter gelegt. Zu vier Meßzeitpunkten wurden Parameter der Hämodynamik erhoben und Blut abgenommen. Ergebnisse: Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen bestand 5 min nach Eröffnung des Leberhilus in einem stärker angestiegenen Cardiacindex und systemischen Sauerstoffangebot sowie am OP-En-de in einem stärker angestiegenen pulmonalen Shuntvolumen in der Dopexamingruppe. Es gab keinen Unterschied bezüglich der leber-venösen Sauerstoffsättigung und der Leberfunktionsparameter. Schlußfolgerung: Bis weiterführende Untersuchungen mit differenzierter Betrachtung der Wirkung von Dopexamin bei leber-chirurgischen Eingriffen vorliegen, ist Dopexamin bei diesen Operationen gegenüber Dopamin nicht als überlegen zu betrachten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Serotonergic neurones are among the first to develop in the central nervous system. Their survival and maturation is promoted by a variety of factors, including serotonin itself, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100β, an astrocyte-specific Ca2+ binding protein. Here, we used BDNF-deficient mice and cell cultures of embryonic raphe neurones to determine whether or not BDNF effects on developing serotonergic raphe neurones are influenced by its action on glial cells. In BDNF–/– mice, the number of serotonin-immunoreactive neuronal somata, the amount of the serotonin transporter, the serotonin content in the striatum and the hippocampus, and the content of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in all brain regions analysed were increased. By contrast, reduced immunoreactivity was found for myelin basic protein (MBP) in all brain areas including the raphe and its target region, the hippocampus. Exogenously applied BDNF increased the number of MBP-immunopositive cells in the respective culture systems. The raphe area displayed selectively reduced immunoreactivity for S100β. Accordingly, S100β was increased in primary cultures of pure astrocytes by exogenous BDNF. In glia-free neuronal cultures prepared from the embryonic mouse raphe, addition of BDNF supported the survival of serotonergic neurones and increased the number of axon collaterals and primary dendrites. The latter effect was inhibited by the simultaneous addition of S100β. These results suggest that the presence of BDNF is not a requirement for the survival and maturation of serotonergic neurones in vivo. BDNF is, however, required for the local expression of S100β and production of MBP. Therefore BDNF might indirectly influence the development of the serotonergic system by stimulating the expression of S100β in astrocytes and the production MBP in oligodendrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Formation of neurites and their differentiation into axons and dendrites requires precisely controlled changes in the cytoskeleton. While small GTPases of the Rho family appear to be involved in this regulation, it is still unclear how Rho function affects axonal and dendritic growth during development. Using hippocampal neurones at defined states of differentiation, we have dissected the function of RhoA in axonal and dendritic growth. Expression of a dominant negative RhoA variant inhibited axonal growth, whereas dendritic growth was promoted. The opposite phenotype was observed when a constitutively active RhoA variant was expressed. Inactivation of Rho by C3-catalysed ADP-ribosylation using C3 isoforms (Clostridium limosum, C3lim or Staphylococcus aureus, C3stau2), diminished axonal branching. By contrast, extracellularly applied nanomolar concentrations of C3 from C. botulinum (C3bot) or enzymatically dead C3bot significantly increased axon growth and axon branching. Taken together, axonal development requires activation of RhoA, whereas dendritic development benefits from its inactivation. However, extracellular application of enzymatically active or dead C3bot exclusively promotes axonal growth and branching suggesting a novel neurotrophic function of C3 that is independent from its enzymatic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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