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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled comparison of Nuelin®, Theodrox® and Marax® in asthmatic out-patients (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Controlled trial ; aminophylline ; ephedrine ; bronchodilator drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double-blind, cross-over comparison of a new, rapidly dissolving tablet of theophylline (Nuelin®), with a standard aminophylline tablet (Theodrox®), and a tablet containing a combination of theophylline, ephedrine and hydroxizine (Marax®) was made during six 4-day periods of ambulatory treatment of 24 adults with moderately severe asthma. Nuelin (125 mg four times a day) and Theodrox (195 mg aminophylline, equivalent to 150 mg theophylline, four times a day) were equally effective in the treatment of asthma when daily records of peak expiratory flow (PEF), daily records of symptoms according to a questionnarie, or the number of isoprenaline puffs required to control symptoms, were used as measures of activity. During treatment with Marax, PEF was significantly higher than during treatment with the two theophylline preparations. Treatment with Marax was also associated with the lowest scores for respiratory symptoms and the smallest usage of additional isoprenaline aerosol, but the differences between treatments were not statistically significant. Side-effects, especially palpitations and tremor, were more common after Marax than after Nuelin or Theodrox. Recent pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that a further clinical trial of higher doses of Nuelin is required for complete evaluation of this preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609980
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    6. Skin tests used for epidemiologic studies (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04761.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of ketotifen, disodium cromoglycate and placebo in the treatment of adult patients with mild extrinsic asthma (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 11 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty-four patients with mild or moderate extrinsic asthma were treated with placebo for i month and thereafter with ketotifen (1 mg twice daily, orally), disodium cromoglycate (inhalation of 20 mg, four times daily), or placebo for 2 subsequent months. The trial was performed at four different centres and the treatments were compared using double-blind technique. We found no difference between the effect of ketotifen, disodium cromoglycate and placebo on the patients' daily measurements of evening peak expiratory flow, daily score values for respiratory symptoms or the number of salbutamol puffs required to control symptoms. There was no difference between the treatment groups with regard to the patients' estimates of changes in airway sensitivity to different non-specific stimuli: fumes, tobacco smoke, cold air, and exercise. The only significant effect of DSCG was a minor (4%) increase in the mean morning value for peak expiratory flow. The findings suggest that the addition of ketotifen or disodium cromoglycate to the regimen is unlikely to give further benefit in asthmatic patients, whose symptoms are reasonably well controlled by small doses of bronchodilating drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1981.tb01589.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airway remodelling takes place in asthma — what are the clinical implications? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00717.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-specific reactions caused by diluents containing glycerol in nasal and bronchial challenge tests (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 9 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty-one patients hospitalized because of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were given nasal and bronchial challenge tests with diluents containing gylcerol. 62% of the patients with rhinitis and 37% of those with asthma gave positive reactions. Glycerol should therefore not be used in allergen extracts which are meant for challenge tests. The non-specific effect of glycerol seems to be cumulative with increasing dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01546.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in patients with perennial rhinitis and asthma (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 7 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A Wright peak flow meter was used with a special mask for evaluating nasal blockage in a clinical drug study. The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled nasally was studied with PEFRn measurements twice a day in twenty-seven hospital patients with perennial rhinitis. Thirteen patients also had asthma. A statistically significant improvement in PEFRn values during the first 5 days of the active drug period was noted in both the rhinitis and rhinitis-asthma groups.In the rhinitis-asthma group the nasal blockage index, as calculated from the oral PEFR and PEFRn values, improved significantly during the second period of medication. Patients with rhinitis were found to have a tendency to fluctuating blockage according to the time of the day, the morning generally being poorer than the evening values. The fluctuation partially disappeared at the end of the period of active treatment, which also had a favourable effect on the bronchial obstruction of asthma patients when inhaled nasally, perhaps due to improved nasal respitatory function. The measurement of PEFRn values is, the authors believe, a useful method for measuring changes in nasal blockage of patients with rhinitis and asthma because of its simplicity and rapidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01450.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergic skin reaction after inhalation of budesonide (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00888.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies from 1973 to 1994 in a Finnish population and a possible relationship to Helicobacter pylori infections (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The prevalence of atopic diseases – hayfever, asthma and eczema – has increased over the past decades. The increase may be associated with decreased rates of infections such as measles, hepatitis A, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and, as recently suggested, Helicobacter pylori gastritis.Objective Since the increase of atopy has been mainly based on clinical studies, we wanted to study the prevalence of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies in two cross-sectional, adult population-based serum samples two decades apart. Since the sera had been tested for H. pylori antibodies, we also had a chance to look for a possible relationship between these two findings.Methods We determined the prevalence rate of allergen-specific serum IgE antibodies against birch and timothy pollen, and cat and dog epithelium allergens by the radioallergosorbent test in a 15–54-years-old Finnish population using 326 sera collected in 1973 and 319 sera collected in 1994 from randomly selected subjects.Results From 1973 to 1994 allergen-specific IgE prevalence rates and IgE antibody levels rose. In 1994, the prevalence rate of positive findings in 15–24-year-old population had increased from 11 to 38% (3.5-fold increase, P = 0.0001, OR 5.12, CI 95% 2.32–11.3). In older 10-year age groups similar trends did not reach significance, but the overall change was significant with all three cut-off levels of allergen-specific IgE analysed.The percentage of IgE-positive persons rose mainly in the subgroup with no H. pylori antibodies. In 1994 21% of the H. pylori-negative subjects had IgE antibodies compared with 5% of the H. pylori-positive subjects (in 1973 11% in both subgroups).Conclusions IgE-based evidence for an increase in IgE-mediated allergy was uncovered. The increase occurred mainly in the subgroup with no antibodies to H. pylori, which support the hypothesis that H. pylori could be one of the microbes counteracting atopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01330.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranasal exposure to a damp building mould, Stachybotrys chartarum, induces lung inflammation in mice by satratoxin-independent mechanisms (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Stachybotrys chartarum is a damp building mould and a potent toxin producer that has been related to serious cases of respiratory health problems. However, the direct link between exposure and health symptoms has not been established.Objective To examine the mechanism by which exposure to spores of satratoxin producing and non-producing S. chartarum strains induce inflammatory responses in murine lungs.Methods BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed for 3 weeks to spores of a satratoxin-producing and a non-producing S. chartarum strain. Inflammatory cell infiltration was characterized from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in lung tissue was measured with real-time PCR. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was determined by whole-body plethysmography and serum antibody levels by ELISA.Results A dose-dependent increase in monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes was observed in BAL fluid after intranasal (i.n.) instillation of S. chartarum spores. There was no difference in the BAL between exposure to the satratoxin-producing and the non-producing strains. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was associated with an induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokine (CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β and CCL2/MCP-1) mRNA levels in the lungs. Interestingly, CXCL5/LIX was the only chemokine that showed significantly higher mRNA levels after exposure to the satratoxin-producing strain compared with the non-producing strain. MCh-induced bronchial responsiveness was not altered significantly after mould instillation. Moreover, no significant increase in total or specific IgE, IgG2a and IgG1 antibody levels were found after S. chartarum exposure.Conclusion These results indicate that lung inflammation induced by i.n. instillations of S. chartarum spores is regulated by the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leucocyte-attracting chemokines. The data also imply that S. chartarum-derived components, other than satratoxins, are mediating the development of this inflammatory response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01808.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of allergic conditions and immediate skin test reactions among Finnish adolescents (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 9 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the study was to determine the skin reactivity of 14–16-year-old adolescents to common allergens and its connections with the occurrence of bronchial wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema. The series consisted of 218 persons living in south-eastern Finland. All the persons who took part in the study filled out a questionnaire concerning symptoms of any allergy. They were prick skin-tested with eight common allergens and examined clinically by the author. Positive skin test reactions were observed in sixty-six cases (31%), forty-one of which (62%) had past or present allergic symptoms. Symptoms indicating past or current allergy were observed in seventy persons (32%). 59% of the young people who had or had had allergic disorders were found to have a positive skin test; the figure for the asymptomatic group was 17%. Allergic rhinitis was most clearly connected with the positive skin test. 83% of those with rhinitis had a positive skin test, whereas the figure for bronchial wheezing and asthma was 70% and for eczema 44%. The prevalence of allergic symptoms and skin test positivity was about the same between the sexes, but the boys had experienced bronchial wheezing twice as often as the girls. This study shows that the prevalence of allergic symptoms, when the mild manifestations are also taken into account, is higher in Finland than is assumed. The occurrence of skin test positivity in the age groups examined is about the same as that observed in previous studies on this subject.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01522.x
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