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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wissenschaft (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 26 (1996), S. 85-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19960260204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A circular 73 kb DNA from the colourless flagellate Astasia longa that resembles the chloroplast DNA of Euglena: restriction and gene map (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 15 (1989), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Astasia longa ; Plastid DNA ; Restriction map ; Gene map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 73 kbp circular DNA was isolated from the colourless euglenoid flagellate Astasia longa. Restriction sites of 12 restriction endonucleases were mapped on this DNA. Southern hybridization using plastid gene probes from Euglena, spinach and tobacco revealed sequence homologies to the genes coding for 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs, elongation factor Tu (tufA) and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL). The locations of these sequences on the restriction map were determined. Sequences homologous to chloroplast genes psaA, psbA, psbD, psbE and atpA are not present. The ribosomal RNA genes are organized in three tandem repeats, each containing one 23S and one 16S rRNA gene. In addition, there is one extra 16S rRNA gene. These results indicate the presence of a truncated form of a plastid DNA in Astasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376801
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochromec oxidase ofEuglena gracilis: Purification, characterization, and identification of mitochondrially synthesized subunits (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 21 (1989), S. 359-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Cyrochromec oxidase ; kinetics ; subunit composition ; mitochondrially synthesized polypeptides ; Euglena gracilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cytochromec oxidase was purified from mitochondria ofEuglena gracilis and separated into 15 different polypeptide subunits by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All 15 subunits copurify through various purification procedures, and the subunit composition of the isolated enzyme is identical to that of the immunoprecipitated one. Therefore, the 15 protein subunits represent integral components of theEuglena oxidase. In anin vitro protein-synthesizing system using isolated mitochondria, polypeptides 1–3 were radioactive labeled in the presence of [35S]methionine. This further identifies these polypeptides with the three largest subunits of cytochromec oxidse encoded by mitochondrial DNA in other eukaryotic organisms. By subtraction, the other 12 subunits can be assigned to nuclear genes. The isolatedEuglena oxidase was highly active withEuglena cytochromec 558 and has monophasic kinetics. Using horse cytochromec 550 as a substrate, activity of the isolated oxidase was rather low. These findings correlate with the oxidase activity of mitochondrial membranes. Again, reactivity was low with cytochromec 550 and 35-fold higher with theEuglena cytochromec 558. The data show that the cytochromec oxidase of the protistEuglena is different from other eukaryotic cytochromec oxidases in number and size of subunits, and also with regard to kinetic properties and substrate specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00762727
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-frame length mutations associated with short tandem repeats are located in unassigned open reading frames of Oenothera chloroplast DNA (1993)
    Springer
    Current genetics 23 (1993), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA-length dimorphism ; Tandem repeats ; Open reading frames ; Oenothera (subsection Munzia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chloroplast DNAs were compared between two closely related species in the subsection Munzia of the genus Oenothera. A restriction fragment length dimorphism (273 bp) within the large inverted repeats was localized to an unassigned open reading frame that is homologous to ORF 2280 of tobacco chloroplast DNA. This dimorphism is due to different copy numbers of various short tandem repeated sequences, with each repeat unit specifying an in-frame addition or deletion. Other small length mutations were detected within an unassigned reading frame that appears to be homologous to the tobacco ORF 1244, and in the non-coding sequence upstream of that frame. These insertions and/or deletions are all associated with short direct repeats that lie in tandem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351505
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes for components of the chloroplast translational apparatus are conserved in the reduced 73-kb plastid DNA of the nonphotosynthetic euglenoid flagellate Astasia longa (1994)
    Springer
    Current genetics 26 (1994), S. 256-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Astasia longa ; Plastid DNA ; Ribosomal protein genes ; tRNA genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The colourless, nonphotosynthetic protist Astasia longa is phylogenetically related to Euglena gracilis. The 73-kb plastid DNA (ptDNA) of A. longa is about half the size of most chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs). More than 38 kb of the Astasia ptDNA sequence has been determined. No genes for photosynthetic function have been found except for rbcL. Identified genes include rpoB, tufA, and genes coding for three rRNAs, 17 tRNAs, and 13 ribosomal proteins. Not only is the nucleotide sequence of these genes highly conserved between A. longa and E. gracilis, but a number of these genes are clustered in a similar fashion and have introns in the same positions in both species. The results further support the idea that photosynthetic genes normally encoded in cpDNA have been preferentially lost in Astasia, but that the chloroplast genes coding for components of the plastid translational apparatus have been maintained. This apparatus might be needed for the expression of rbcL and also for that of still unidentified nonphotosynthetic genes of Astasia ptDNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309557
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes for ribosomal proteins are retained on the 73 kb DNA from Astasia longa that resembles Euglena chloroplast DNA (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Astasia longa ; Euglena ; Plastid DNA ; Ribosomal protein genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of a 6.7 kb segment of the circular 73 kb DNA from Astasia longa has been determined. We identified genes for a tRNA-Ile (CAU), a tRNA-Phe (GAA), a tRNA-Cys (GCA) and the ribosomal proteins CS8, CL36, CS14 and CS2, that are normally encoded by plastid genomes. In addition, a gene for the chloroplast ribosomal protein CL5 was found that is not encoded by the plastome in either higher plants or a liverwort, but has recently been identified in Euglena chloroplast DNA. Transcripts of these protein genes, and of an unidentified open reading frame (ORF50), were detected. These results support our previous suggestion that the 73 kb DNA from Astasia is a truncated form of plastid DNA. The 73 kb DNA resembles the chloroplast DNA of Euglena gracilis but contains, almost exclusively, genes for a plastid-type translational (and presumably transcriptional) apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309917
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of chlorophyll biosynthesis by the plastome in some Oenothera species (subgenus Munzia) (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 151 (1981), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthesis ; 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ; Chlorophyll biosynthesis ; Oenothera ; Plastome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Reciprocal differences in the rates of chlorophyll (Chl) formation during early stages of greening are observed in hybrid seedlings with identical genomes derived from reciprocal crosses between Oenothera berteriana (=villaricae) and Oe. odorata (=picensis), subgenus Munzia. In the presence of levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase, ALA accumulated in the cotyledons and chlorophyll production was reduced in a stoichometric ratio. Accumulation of both Chl in untreated tissue and of ALA in seedlings incubated with LA is much more rapid in cotyledons with berteriana plastids than in those with odorata plastids. No difference was found between the inhibitor constants for LA of ALA dehydratase extracted from seedlings with either berteriana or odorata plastids. ALA formation is not limited by the availability of possible precursors. ALA dehydratase and the porphobilinogenase complex (PBGase) are present in abundance and in equal amounts in cotyledons with either berteriana or odorata plastids. It is concluded that the different capacities of the ALA synthesizing system fully account for the different rates of Chl formation in the seedlings with identical genomes and different plastid types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393281
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß des Plasmotypus auf die Regulation der Aktivität der L-Phenylalanin-Ammonium-Lyase (Untersuchungen an Raimannia-Oenotheren) (1972)
    Springer
    Planta 102 (1972), S. 247-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The regulation of the activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in seedlings of the complex heterocygotes Oenothera berteriana (with the chromosome complexes B and I) and Oenothera odorata (with the complexes v and I) and of their progeny was investigated. The following main results were obtained: The plasmotype (plasmon) has a significant effect upon the amount of increase of the activity of PAL during illumination with continuous far-red light (Figs. 2-5). Combined with the genotypes v.I, B.I and l.v the plasmotype of Oenothera berteriana effects a higher maximal activity after 20 hrs than the plasmotype of Oenothera odorata. This influence of the plasmon is constantly inherited. The influence of the chromosome complexes is characterized by the order I-v-l-B; the I-complex causes the highest, the B-complex the lowest increase in PAL-activity. Cytoplasm and plastids have no apparent influence either on the PAL-activity in darkgrown seedlings or on the amount of increase of PAL-activity which is brought about by wounding (Fig. 7). Therefore it can be concluded that the plasmotype affects very specifically the light-induced PAL-synthesis. There is no evidence so far for the existence of isoenzymes of PAL in the seedlings of Oenothera forms. Because of various correlations between light-induced PAL-activity and anthocyanin formation (Table 2), it can be supposed that the plasmon takes part in the regulation of anthocyanin formation by directing the PAL-activity. By the technique of simultaneous irradiation it is demonstrated that anthocyanin formation under continuous illumination with far-red is mediated by phytochrome (Fig. 6). The possibility of explaining the influence of the plasmotype of Oenothera forms on various phytochrome dependent reactions on the basis of a pleiotropic mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386895
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast messenger RNAs of free and thylakoid-bound polysomes from Vicia faba L (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 175 (1988), S. 50-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chloroplast mRNA ; Polysome (free and membrane bound) ; Protein synthesis ; Thylakoid membrane ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Purified chloroplasts from developing leaves of Vicia faba L. were broken and separated into stroma and thylakoid fractions. Both fractions contained polysomes as demonstrated by analytical density gradient centrifugation and in-vitro read-out translation. Messenger RNAs of free and thylakoid-bound polysomes were isolated and analysed by hybridization with heterologous gene probes from spinach and tobacco. Transcripts of the chloroplast genes psaA, psbB, psbC, psbD and petA were found predominantly on thylakoidbound polysomes engaged in the synthesis and the contrasslational integration of membrane proteins. In contrast, transcripts of the genes rbcL, psbE, petD, atpA, atpB, atpE and atpH were found more frequently on free polysomes corresponding to a stroma-located translation of these mRNAs and a posttranslational integration of the encoded intrinsic membrane proteins. We conclude from these findings that chloroplast-encoded membrane proteins are integrated by co-and posttranslational mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402881
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and expression of a gene encoding the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) in the colourless euglenoid flagellate Astasia longa (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 825-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Astasia longa ; chloroplast DNA ; introns ; ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; rbcL gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A gene encoding the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) was identified on a circular 73 kb DNA from the colourless euglenoid flagellate Astasia longa. The rbcL gene of Astasia extends over 3968 bp. It is a split gene interrupted by seven introns as compared to nine intervening sequences in the rbcL gene of the phylogenetically related Euglena gracilis. Coding sequences as well as the positions of the introns within this gene are highly conserved in comparison with the Euglena rbcL except that two introns are missing in Astasia. The alignment of the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of rbcL of Astasia and Euglena shows 82% identical amino acids whereas 15% of the amino acids represent conservative changes. A 1.5 kb transcript of the rbcL gene was revealed by northern blot analysis of Astasia RNA. By immunoblot analysis the gene product of rbcL was detected as a 53 kDa polypeptide. Genes for components of the chloroplast transcriptional and translational systems encoded by chloroplast DNA of plants and green algae are conserved on the 73 kb DNA of Astasia [24, 25, 26]. From our finding that Astasia obviously is capable of synthesizing the Rubisco large subunit one must conclude that these genes are expressed and form functional plastid transcriptional and translational systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016515
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