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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Inflammatory polyneuropathy ; Demyelination ; Cyclosporin A ; Plasma exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient with chronic relapsing inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy was successfully treated with plasma exchanges and cyclosporin A (CsA). Dynamometric measurements of hand force during the time of CsA treatment showed a highly significant correlation between hand force and CsA blood levels. The largest influence of CsA on hand force occurred 11–13 days after CsA uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Zinc ; Hair ; North Rhine-Westphalia ; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hair zinc levels were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 474 children, aged 3–7 years, from 11 kindergartens in a highly industrialized and polluted area (Duisburg) and 8 kindergartens in a rural area of North Rhine-Westphalia. The mean hair zinc level amounted to 118 μg/g, increasing between the 4th and 7th year of life. At all ages the values from the urban toddlers were lower than from rural toddlers, and in both regions they were higher in winter than in summer. Children with frequent upper respiratory tract infections (〉6 infections/year) showed significantly lower zinc hair values, independent of their age. Low hair zinc values (below 70 μg/g) were frequently found, raising the question as to whether this is a normal, age-related phenomenon, or whether it indicates a suboptimal zinc status of young children from North Rhine-Westphalia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 29 (1994), S. 223-232 
    ISSN: 0223-5234
    Keywords: aldosterone ; biosynthesis ; guanabenz ; inhibition
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Theoretical Biology 91 (1981), S. 321-345 
    ISSN: 0022-5193
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 20 (1980), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. III6 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Tachyarrhythmias – ion channels – automaticity – triggered activity – reentry ; Schlüsselwörter Tachyarrhythmien – Ionenkanäle – Automatie – getriggerte Aktivität – Reentry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Als wesentliche Ursache von Herzrhythmusstörungen sind Änderungen von Ionenströmen durch Ionenkanäle der Myokardzellmembran anzusehen. Drei basale Arrhythmie-Mechanismen lassen sich für das Auftreten von Tachyarrhythmien verantwortlich machen: 1. Die gestörte normale Automatie in kardialen Schrittmacherzellen mit Beteiligung der Ströme If, ICa-L, ICa-T oder IK-ACh,Ado bzw. das Auftreten einer abnormen Automatie im Arbeitsmyokard von Vorhof oder Ventrikel bei Störungen der Ströme ICa-L, INa, IK, IK1 oder IK-ACh,Ado. 2. Die getriggerte Aktivität, die an der Ausbildung früher (EAD) oder später Nachdepolarisationen (LAD) erkennbar ist. EAD beruhen insbesondere auf einer Hemmung der Auswärtsströme IKr und IKs, wobei eine Steigerung der Einwärtsströme INa bzw. ICa-L begünstigend wirkt. Typische Arrhythmien sind die bei K+-Kanal-Hemmstoffen (z. B. Sotalol) oder bei Patienten mit QT-Syndrom auftretenden Torsade de pointes. LAD treten bei Ca2+-Überladung der Myokardzellen (Digitalisintoxikation, Catecholamine) auf und basieren auf dem transienten Einwärtsstrom Iti, an dessen Entstehung die Ströme INa/Cl, INS und ICa-L beteiligt sein können. 3. Reentry-Mechanismen sind die häufigste Ursache für Tachyarrhythmien. Sie entstehen in einem anatomisch definierten Erregungskreis mit unidirektionalem Block. Es lassen sich Na+- und Ca2+-Kanalabhängige Störungen der Erregungsleitung mit langem erregbaren Kreissegment von Na+-Kanalabhängigen Störungen der Erregungsleitung und Refraktärzeit mit kurzem erregbaren Kreissegment unterscheiden. Im ersten Fall gelingt die Unterbrechung des Reentry durch Herabsetzung von Leitung und Erregbarkeit (Na+- bzw. Ca2+-Kanalblocker), im zweiten Fall durch Verlängerung der Refraktärzeit (K+- bzw. Na2+-Kanalblocker).
    Notes: Summary Changes in ionic currents through ion channels of the myocardial cell membrane have to be regarded as main cause of cardiac arrhythmias. Three basic arrhythmogenic mechanisms are responsible for the initiation of tachyarrhythmias: 1. The disturbance of normal automaticity in cardiac pacemaker cells dependent on the currents If, ICa-L, ICa-T or IK-ACh,Ado and the occurrence of abnormal automaticity in atrial and ventricular working myocardium based on the currents ICa-L, INa, IK, IK1 or IK-ACh,Ado. 2. Triggered activity which may be recognized by the appearance of early (EAD) or late afterdepolarizations (LAD). EAD are mainly due to inhibition of the outward currents IKr and IKs and are favoured by an increase in the inward currents INa and ICa-L, respectively. Typical arrhythmias are torsade de pointes occurring during treatment with K+-channel inhibitors (e.g. sotalol) or in patients with QT-syndrome. LAD may be observed during Ca2+-overload of the myocardial cell (digitalis intoxication, catecholamines) and are based on the transient inward current Iti, which is build up by the participation of the currents INa/Ca, INS and ICa-L. 3. Reentry mechanisms are the most frequent cause of tachyarrhythmias. They originate in an anatomically defined excitation circle with unidirectional block. Na+ and Ca2+-channel dependent disturbances of conduction with long excitable gap may be distinguished from Na2+-channel dependent disturbances of conduction and refractory period with short excitable gap. Interruption of reentry is possible in the first case by depression of conduction and excitability (Na2+- or Ca2+-channel blockers), in the second case by increase in refractory period (K+- or Na+-channel blockers).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 700-705 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Toxicokinetics ; Rat ; Parenterals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicokinetics of aluminum (Al) in male Wistar rats was studied after single intragastric (IG) doses of 1000 and 12000 μg Al/kg and intravenous (IV) doses of 10, 100, 1000, and 12000 μg Al/kg. Serial blood samples, daily samples of urine and feces as well as brain, liver, kidney, spleen, quadriceps muscle, and femur samples were collected. Al was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Al blood profiles after IV doses were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. Al toxicokinetics was dose dependent and appeared to plateau at 12000 μg/kg. At IV doses between 10 and 1000 μg/kg the terminal half-life of elimination from whole blood (t1/2β) increased from 29.9±7.8 to 209.3±32.6 min, and the total body clearance (CL) decreased from 2.45±0.64 to 0.28±0.03 ml min−1 kg−1. Following an IV bolus of 10 and 100 μg/kg the administered Al was recovered completely from urine (94.4%±9.9% and 98.5%±3.2%). Twenty-nine days after the IV dose of 1000 μg/kg daily renal excretion decreased to baseline values while only 55.1%±8.0% of the dose was excreted. Nineteen days after the single IV dose of 1000 μg/kg Al accumulated in liver (28.1±7.7 versus 1.7±0.5 μg/g of control rats) and spleen (72.5±21.1 versus 〈0.4 μg/g). After the single 1000 μg/kg IG dose no absorption of Al was detectable. The IG dose of 12000 μg/kg resulted in a maximum blood Al level of 47.9±12.4 μg/l after 50 min. The blood concentration time curve fitted a one-compartment open model with a half-life of absorption of 28.2±3.6 min and a t1/2β of 81.2±20.2 min. Cumulative renal Al excretion was 0.18%±0.10% of the dose and oral bioavailability was 0.02%. Seventeen days after the 12000 μg/kg IG dose the Al content in femur samples was increased (2.7±1.3 versus 0.6±0.4 μg/g). In no case was fecal elimination of incorporated Al observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 60 (1988), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Hair ; Pre-school children ; Variables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of several factors on cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the hair of 474 pre-school children was examined. The study was performed in an industrial (Duisburg) and rural area (Westfalen) of the (FRG). Season, sex, hair color, and place of residence were found to be the main factors influencing Cd levels in hair. Concentrations of Cd in samples obtained during summer were on the average nearly twice as high as those sampled during winter (geometric means: 116.1 vs. 63.7ng/g). Boys had more Cd in their hair than girls (111.5 vs.74.0 ng/g). Cd levels in hair decreased from red to blond, to brown, and black hair. Children living in Duisburg had more Cd in their hair than those from rural areas (103.9 vs.77.Ong/g). Cd content in hair was inversely related to age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The histamine-receptor subtype mediated effects on action potentials of electrically driven and spontaneously active isolated sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres were investigated using H1-and H2-selective agonists and antagonists. In electrically stimulated Purkinje fibres histamine (3 μmol/l) increased action potential plateau height, decreased action potential duration at −60mV, and enhanced pacemaker activity. These effects were abolished by 30 μmol/l cimetidine (H2-selective antagonist), but not impaired by 0.3 μmol/l dimethindene (H1-selective antagonist). In spontaneously active Purkinje fibres, histamine (10 μmol/l) increased the spontaneous rate by 24%, the slope of diastolic depolarization by 45% and shortened the duration of the diastole at −60mV by 32% of the respective control measurements. These effects were blocked by 30 μmol/l cimetidine, but not by 0.3 μmol/l dimethindene. The concentration-response relationship of histamine was shifted to higher histamine concentrations by approximately 2 logarithmic units in the presence of 30 μmol/l cimetidine, but no displacement was found in the presence of 0.3 μmol/l dimetindene. The H2-selective agonist impromidine (0.001–0.3 μmol/l) has similar actions to histamine on spontaneously active Purkinje fibres, while the H1-selective agonist 2-(2-pyridyl-)ethylamine was ineffective. It is concluded that the pronounced stimulatory action of histamine on spontaneous activity in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres is exclusively mediated by H2-receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The histamine-receptor-subtype-mediated effects on action potentials of electrically driven and spontaneously active isolated sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers were investigated using H1-and H2-selective agonists and antagonists. In electrically stimulated Purkinje fibers, histamine (3 μmol/l) increased the action potential plateau height, decreased the action potential duration measured at a repolarization level of −60 mV and enhanced the pacemaker activity. These effects were abolished by the H2-selective antagonist cimetidine (30 μmol/l), but were not impaired by the H1-selective antagonist dimetindene (0.3 μmol/l). In spontaneously active Purkinje fibers, histamine (10 μmol/l) increased the spontaneous rate by 24%, the slope of diastolic depolarization by 45% and shortened the duration of the diastole by 32% of the respective control measurements. These effects were blocked by 30 μmol/l cimetidine, but remained unchanged in the presence of 0.3 μmol/l dimetindene. Concentration-response curves of histamine were shifted to the right by approximately 2 logarithmic units in the presence of 30 μmol/l cimetidine, but were not influenced in the presence of 0.3 μmol/l dimetindene. The H2-selective agonist impromidine (0.001–0.3 μmol/l) had similar actions as histamine on spontaneously active Purkinje fibers, while the H1-selective agonist 2-(2-pyridyl-)ethylamine was ineffective. It is concluded that the pronounced stimulatory action of histamine on spontaneous activity in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers is exclusively mediated by H2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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