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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 324-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Rat brain, new born ; Brain injury ; Brain edema ; Extracellular space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion des Gehirns neugeborener Ratten auf Stichverletzung wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die wenigen im Neugeborenenhirn vorhandenen protoplasmatischen Astrocyten erschienen an der Reaktion unbeteiligt. Hingegen erwies sich der Extracellularraum durch Anhäufung von Ödemflüssigkeit erweitert. Die Mikrogliazellen reagieren bemerkenswert schnell; viele, ganze Zellen sowie Myelinfiguren und Fetttröpfchen enthaltende Makrophagen werden schon 24 Stunden nach der Verletzung gefunden. Eine dichte Glia- oder Bindegewebsnarbe bildet sich nicht. Diese Reaktionen sind von denen für das reife Hirngwebe charakteristischen durchaus verschieden; mögliche Erklärungen für diese Unterschiede werden erörtert.
    Notes: Summary The reaction of the newborn rat brain following needle injury has been studied electron microscopically. Very few protoplasmic astrocytes are present in the newborn brain, and they do not appear to participate in the reaction. Instead, the extracellular space appears to be widened by an accumulation of oedema fluid. The microglial cells react remarkably rapidly; many macrophages containing whole cells as well as myelin figures and lipid droplets are found within 24 hours after the injury. At no time does a dense glial or connective tissue scar form. These reactions are quite different from those characteristic of mature brain tissue, and possible explanations for these differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 336-346 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Rat brain, new born ; Porencephalic cyst ; Brain injury ; Glial reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Stichverletzung des Gehirns neugeborener Ratten erzeugte regelmäßig eine Defekthöhle, deren Begrenzung zuerst aus einer Schicht fibrillärer Astrocyten mit vielen dünnen Cytoplasmafortsätzen bestand. Während der 2. und 3. Woche wurde die Astrocytenschicht lockerer und durch eine Basalmembran abgegrenzt, die gewöhnlich in Verbindung mit einer darüberliegenden Schicht von Pia-ähnlichen Zellen stand, Erst hernach ähnelte die Feinstruktur der Defektwand jener der Heldschen “Membrana gliae accessoria” für die differenzierte Struktur vorbehalten bleiben und nicht zur Bezeichung der frühen Astrocytenbegrenzung verwendet werden sollte. Keine dichte Glia-oder Bindegewebsnarbe, wie im Erwachsenengehirn üblich, wurde gefunden. Die Makrophagen verschwinden vor der 3. Woche, anstelle monatelang wie beim Erwachsenen zu verweilen. Das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Narbenbildung und Makrophagen dürfte nur das Alter, in dem die Verletzung erfolgte, widerspiegeln und daher für die Unterscheidung zwischen Mißbildungs-und Verletzungsdefekten unverläßlich sein.
    Notes: Summary Needle injury of the newborn rat brain resulted regularly in cavity formation, the lining of which at first consisted of a layer of fibrous astrocytes with many thin cytoplasmic projections. Between the second and third weeks the astrocytic surface became smoother and was lined by a basement membrane, usually in association with an overlying layer of pia-like cells. Only after this time did the fine structure of the cavity wall resemble that of Held's membrana gliae limitans superficialis. It is, therefore, suggested that Spatz's “membrana gliae limitans accessoria” be reserved for this differentiated structure and not used to identify the earlier astrocytic lining. No dense glial or connective tissue scarring, as usually seen in the adult brain, was found. Macrophages disappear before the third week, rather than persisting for months, as in the adult. The presence or absence of scar formation and macrophages may only reflect the age at which the injury occurred and may, therefore, be unreliable in distinguishing between cavities due to malformation and to injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 149-155 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alanine ; Alanine aminotransferase activity ; Proliferating macroglia ; Cerebral tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the nerve tissue with proliferating macroglia cells were observed a lowered oxygen consumption, an increased aerobic glycolysis and alanine formation and a higher alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity than in the control tissue in the homogenates and in the cell sap fraction. The substrate saturation curves, apparent Km and pH optimum values in the tissue with proliferating macroglia and in the control did not differ from one another. The authors assume that a higher alanine amino-transferase activity in the tissue with macroglia proliferation can reflect either a higher synthesis of the enzyme in the altered tissue, or a predominance of glial elements in the altered tissue possessing a higher alanine aminotransferase activity than the nerve cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 53-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tangier disease ; Peripheral nerve ; Electron microscopy ; Cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sural nerve biopsy was performed in a 55-year-old male patient with Tangier disease (familiallipoprotein deficiency). Light-microscopy showed an increase in the endoneural connective tissue and a loss of nerve fibers indicating a chronic peripheral neuropathy. Electron-microscopy revealed an accumulation of lipid droplets within Schwann cells of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. When compared with age-matched controls the myelinated fiber density was reduced with a relative preponderance of small myelinated fibers. In addition, distributional cytometric studies of nerve vibers in relation to the perineurium and endoneurial capillaries showed: Contrary to 4.6–7.5 μm thick nerve fibers, which accumulated in the center of the nerve fascicle, small (0.5–4.5 μm) and large (7.6–10.0 μm) fibers lay nearby the perineurium. The measured increase in small myelinated nerve fibers around endoneurial capillaries may be explained as a sign of regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0531-5565
    Keywords: in vitro aging ; in vitro transformation ; interferon ; major histocompatibility complex ; oxygen tension ; primary culture
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 671-673 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality, intentionally doped (both p and n type) gallium arsenide layers have been grown using trimethylgallium and tertiary butylarsine in a low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition reactor. Using an alternate arsenic source, namely, tertiary butylarsine, a concentrator GaAs solar cell has been fabricated. Under 37 sun, air mass 1.5 illumination, the cell had an open-circuit voltage of 1.095 V, a fill factor of 83%, and an overall efficiency of 18.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 32 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Alanine aminotransferase activity in subcellular fractions of rat brains was investigated during ontogenic development. The activity rose from the prenatal period until adulthood, the highest increase being observed during the period of morphological metabolic and functional maturation of the brain. The rise of the total activity was due predominantly to a rise in the activity of the cytosblic enzyme; the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme did not change markedly during ontogeny. CI-ions and elevated temperature (55°C) inhibited the activity only of the mitochondrial enzyme. Raised temperature stimulated the activity of the cytosolic enzyme while CI-ions did not influence its activity. Our results indicate that 2 alanine aminotransferase isoenzlmes are already present in the rat brain in the prenatal period. It is assumed that the cytosolic enzyme is involved in the regulation of tissue glycol)sis and alanine formation, while the mitochondrial enzyme plays a role in the amino nitrogen transport between mitochondria and cytosol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2630-2635 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The particle velocity distribution on the surface of AT-cut quartz crystals oscillating in liquid is investigated. The distribution, amplitude, and direction of surface motion are determined. This study improves the understanding of the oscillation characteristics of quartz crystals in solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 84 (1960), S. 125-136 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach einleitender Darstellung der klinischen Erscheinungsformen der hepatocerebralen Degeneration und ihrer biochemischen Abnormitäten wird über 3 eigene Beobachtungen, das Ergebnis einer Familienuntersuchung mit Auffindung eines präklinischen Falles und die derzeitigen therapeutischen Möglichkeiten berichtet. Besondere Berücksichtigung fand dabei das Penicillamin, das zu einer weit stärkeren und anhaltenderen Cuprurese führt als z. B. British-Anti-Lewisit (BAL). Nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen besitzt Penicillamin auch einen eindeutig besseren klinischen Effekt, der allerdings in einigen Fällen trotz ausgiebiger Cuprurese ausbleibt, ohne daß hierfür eine Erklärung gegeben werden kann. Trotzdem eine sich ausschließlich gegen die Kupferanhäufung im Organismus richtende Therapie wahrscheinlich nicht kausal ist, sind weitere Versuche mit Penicillamin aus ärztlichen und wissenschaftlichen Gründen angezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 80 (1957), S. 82-96 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde über den klinischen Verlauf und die pathologisch-anatomischen Untersuchungsergebnisse von Diffuser Hirnsklerose des Typ Krabbe berichtet. Bei dem 14 Monate alt gewordenen Knaben wurde eine eingehende histologische Untersuchung auch der Körperorgane vorgenommen, wobei in Lungen, Milz und Lymphknoten ähnliche Riesenzellen wie im Gehirn sowie Riesenzellgranulome gefunden wurden. Auf Grund dieses Befundes und der Tatsache, daß bei 5 von ebenfalls histologisch durchuntersuchten 7 Fällen von bisher mitgeteilten 21 Krankheitsbeobachtungen ebenfalls Riesenzellen in Körperorganen nachgewiesen wurden, wird ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Bildung von Riesenzellen im Gehirn (Globoidzellen) und denen in Körperorganen angenommen. Im Gegensatz zu der bisher geltenden Anschauung, nach der es sich bei der diffusen Hirnsklerose des Typus Krabbe um eine auf das Gehirn beschränkte degenerative Erkrankung mit abnormem Markabbau handelt, wird eine primär entzündliche Entstehung im Rahmen einer Allgemeininfektion mit einem bisher unbekannten Erreger für möglich gehalten. Auf die Wichtigkeit der histologischen Untersuchung auch der Körperorgane und des serologischen oder kulturellen Erregernachweises für die weitere Klärung der Ätiologie und Pathogenese der diffusen Hirnsklerose des Typ Krabbe wird hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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