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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 951-954 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 325-327 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 253-255 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: disopyramide ; flecainide ; myocardial infarction ; drug plasma binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the serum basic drugs are principally bound to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). Following acute myocardial infarction it has been shown that the levels of AAG rise. The serum levels of total protein, albumin, AAG and the protein binding of 2 antiarrhythmic drugs which are bases, disopyramide and flecainide, was measured in vitro with blood samples from eleven patients taken over the first 5 days following myocardial infarction. Mean AAG levels significantly increased from 1.04 g/l on Day 1 to 1.80 g/l on Day 5. The binding of disopyramide, which is highly bound, rose from 80% to 87%, representing a 35% decrease in free drug concentration. In contrast the binding of flecainide fell from 61% to 53%, a 20% increase in free drug concentration. These data suggest that although the binding of strongly bound drugs responds appropriately to increases in binding protein after acute myocardial infarction, poorly bound drugs are displaced from binding sites possibly by endogenous substances. Since the pharmacological effects of a drug are related to its free (unbound) concentration, the changes in the proportions of free to bound drug after myocardial infarction may have important clinical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 30 (1996), S. 263-271 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsMagnaporthe ; Rice blast ; *DNA-fingerprinting ; Retrotransposon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Populations of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, can be sorted into clonal lineages based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected with the repetitive DNA sequence MGR586. Mechanisms that produce DNA-fingerprint variation among lineages, are not known. In the process of analyzing the meiotic segregation of MGR586 RFLPs we identified a novel polymorphism, called MGR586-P2, in one member of a sister-spore pair from a complete tetrad. Molecular cloning revealed that P2 was generated by a nearby insertion of a novel, long-terminal-repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposon. Genetic analysis showed that P2 and its progenitor polymorphism (P1) are alleles of a single polymorphic locus termed MGR586-PL (PL). Surprisingly, we found that a strain harboring PL recurrently produced clonal descendants harboring P1, P2 and possibly a third allele designated P3. PL is not located near a telomeric region. Our results show that some DNA-fingerprint loci may be hypervariable and undergo recurrent rearrangements. These findings have implications for interpreting DNA-fingerprint profiles from M. grisea populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 24 (1971), S. 187-200 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For the assessment of an operative treatment of Porencephaly three findings which are specific for this clinical picture must be considered: 1. The common anatomico-pathological finding will be an accompanying internal hydrocephalus, whose origin is usually obscure. 2. Clinically, in many cases, the porencephaly is initially silent and first reveals itself during the course of the first decade of life. 3. There is a tendency to a progressive course. For the interpretation of these anatomico-pathological and clinical findings the following hypothesis is proposed. The c.s.f. pressure leads to a progressive dilatation of the porus and thereby, after a while, to a reduction of the c.s.f. resorption areas. Thus, after months and years a communicating hydrocephalus develops and, as a result of the increased intracranial pressure, a “progressive” porencephaly becomes clinically manifest. The adequate and most economical operative treatment would accordingly be to seek an early insertion of a ventriculo — or poro-atrial shunt. With examples of case histories and the corresponding clinical, neuroradiological and operative findings the hypothesis and the value of a c.s.f. draining operation have been investigated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Beurteilung eines operativen Vorgehens bei der Porenzephalie müssen drei für dieses Krankheitsbild eigentümliche Befunde berücksichtigt werden: 1. Pathologisch-anatomisch wird häufig ein begleitender Hydrozephalus internus gefunden, dessen Ursache meist ungeklärt ist. 2. Klinisch bleibt die Porenzephalie in vielen Fällen anfangs stumm und wird erst im Laufe des ersten Lebensjahrzehntes manifest. 3. Die Tendenz zu einem progredienten Verlauf. Zur Deutung dieser pathologisch-anatomischen und klinischen Befunde wird folgende Hypothese zur Diskussion gestellt: Der Liquordruck führt zu einer progredienten Ausweitung des Porus und damit auf die Dauer zu einer Abnahme der Liquorresorptionsstätten. Über Monate und Jahre entwickeln sich dann ein Hydrozephalus communicans und infolge der intrakraniellen Drucksteigerung eine „wachsende“, klinisch manifeste Porenzephalie. Die adäquate und schonendste operative Therapie wäre somit in einem frühzeitig anzulegenden ventrikulobzw. poro-atrialen Shunt zu suchen. An kasuistischen Beispielen mit entsprechenden klinischen, neuroradiologischen und operativen Befunden werden die Hypothese und der Wert einer liquordrainierenden Operation geprüft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of a stepwise acute increase of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure on cerebral blood flow, cerebral arteriovenous differences of oxygen and glucose and on the output of lactate were studied in anaesthetized normoventilated normoxic dogs. Intracranial hypertension was produced by infusing mock-CSF into the cisterna magna. Mean arterial blood pressure was kept at a constant level throughout the experimental investigations. At a cerebral perfusion pressure of about 70 mm Hg, CBF and the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose were not significantly changed. However, further reduction in the cerebral perfusion pressure to below 40 mm Hg, was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease of CBF and a deterioration of the oxidative metabolism. Glucose uptake was particularly disturbed by raised intracranial pressure. Increased cerebral output of lactate and low CMRO2 indicated raised glycolysis. But (V-A)lactate was also increased at a relatively moderate reduction of the cerebral perfusion pressure, when autoregulation was still effective and CMRO2 unchanged. The data are discussed in context with similar experimental results recently published by other investigators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 60 (1982), S. 107-114 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Lumbar disc ; spinal CT ; myelography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study the diagnostic value and topographical accuracy of spinal computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative diagnosis of lumbar disc herniations were tested in 36 patients with surgically proven herniated discs. All patients also underwent metrizamide myelography. CT findings and myelograms were compared and correlated with the surgical observations. Especially in demonstrating exact diagnosis (lateral or more medial protrusion), and in showing the extent of upward or downward displacement of free disc material, CT provides valuable preoperative information. As a non-invasive diagnostic procedure, spinal CT scan may replace lumbar myelography in many patients with radicular lumbar pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 20 anaesthetised, artificially ventilated dogs the influence of arterial hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, and decreased systemic arterial blood pressure on mean cerebrospinal fluid pressure and on the pressure in the superior sagittal sinus was studied. Below a PaO2 of 40 Torr and above a PaCO2 of 70 Torr, CSFP was significantly increased. The pressure rise in the torcular, however, was only moderate. Simultaneous CBF measurements showed marked cerebral hyperaemia to be the essential cause of the increase in CSFP. In deep normovolaemic arterial hypotension (MABP below 50 mm Hg), CSFP and SSP were significantly decreased. CBF fell sharply by about 50% compared to the resting values. In arterial normotension and under normocapnic-normoxic conditions, a pressure difference of about 3 mm Hg existed between CSFP and SSP. This pressure difference increased in hypoxia and hypercapnia and fell in arterial hypotension below the “opening-pressure” of the arachnoid villi. An artificially induced rise of CSFP in another 5 experimental animals was reflected to a minor degree in the torcular pressure. However, during rapid reduction of raised intracranial pressure, a transient, but marked pressure rise occurred in the torcular, persisting as long as systemic arterial blood pressure was increased (Cushing response). This is explained by post-compression cerebral hyperaemia and by the undamped transmission of the hypertensive arterial pressure to the dilated cerebral vessels. The origin of the rapid CSF pulse waves was studied in simultaneous recordings of intracranial CSF, cerebral venous, systemic arterial and central venous pressure, and it was shown that the height of CSFP is dependent on MABP, whereas the contour of the CSF pulse waves is shaped by rapid changes of cerebral blood volume in the post-capillary cerebral vascular bed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral blood flow ; oxidative brain metabolism ; hypoxic hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized artificially ventilated dogs, the effect of graded arterial hypoxaemia on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and on the oxidative carbohydrate metabolism of the brain was tested. It is shown that the hypoxic vasodilatory influence on cerebral vessels is present even atmoderate systemic hypoxaemia, provided that PaCO2 is kept within normal limits. At PaO2 of about 50 Torr, CBF increased from 56.6 to 89.7 ml/100 g/min. With increasing cerebral hyperaemia (CBF increased to 110.9 ml/100 g/min, at PaO2 of 30 Torr), CMRO2 (4.2 ml/100 g/min) was not significantly raised above its normal level (4.7 ml/100 g/min) even with profound arterial hypoxaemia. This shows that CMRO2 levels are poor indices of hypoxic hypoxia. A disproportionately high increase in cerebral glucose uptake (CMR glucose levels rose from 4.4 to 10.4 mg/100 g/min) and enhanced cerebral glycolysis (CMR lactate changed from 0.2 to 1.6 mg/100 g/min) at moderately reduced PaO2 (50 Torr) indicated early metabolic changes which became more marked with further falls in arterial oxygen tension. However, 60 minutes after restoration of a normal PaO2 level, CBF and brain metabolism were found to have completely recovered. It is concluded that a short period of profound systemic hypoxaemia does not produce long lasting metabolic and circulatory disorders of the brain provided the cerebral perfusion pressure does not vary, and is kept at normal levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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