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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 1126-1131 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cimetidine ; Liver cirrhosis ; Theophylline ; Drug metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of cimetidine treatment, 1 g daily over 6 days, on the disposition of theophylline was studied in nine patients with liver cirrhosis and in nine patients without liver disease. Plasma elimination half-life tended to increase from 14.6±8.2 h to 24.3±14.1 h in the cirrhotic patients (P〉0.05) and from 8.3±4.2 h to 10.3±4.1 h in the control patients (P〈0.05). Total plasma clearance decreased from 0.50±0.23 ml/kg/min to 0.41±0.21 ml/kg/min (P〈0.05) in the cirrhotics and from 0.77±0.34 ml/kg/min to 0.58±0.18 ml/kg/min (P〈0.05) in the controls. Pretreatment clearance values were also significantly reduced in the cirrhosis group. No change was observed in the volume of distribution of theophylline. The degree of inhibition of theophylline metabolism did not depend on whether the patients were smokers, or whether they had low pretreatment clearance values. In liver cirrhosis, inhibition of drug metabolism by cimetidine varies widely and is unpredictable in the individual patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Granisetron ; Prednisolone ; Antiemetics ; Cisplatin ; Multiple-day chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Ninety chemotherapy-naive cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based (≥50 mg/m2) chemotherapy participated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study comparing the safety and efficacy of granisetron (GRA) versus granisetron plus prednisolone (GRA+PRE). All patients received i.v. granisetron 3 mg and were randomly allocated to oral prednisolone 50 mg or placebo prior to chemotherapy. At the subsequent cycle of chemotherapy, patients were crossed over to the other antiemetic treatment. A complete response, defined as no eme- tic episodes and no worse than mild nausea, was obtained in 63% in the GRA group and in 79% of the patients in the GRA+PRE group day 1 (P=0.013). Complete response rates on days 1–3 were 16% vs 27% (P=0.251). Significantly less nausea and vomiting was seen with the combination in the first 24 h after cisplatin (P=0.001 and P=0.0003) and during days 1–3 (P=0.005 and 0.044). Patient preference was 51.5% for the combination and 26.5% for granisetron alone, whereas 22% had no preference (P=0.0270). Adverse reactions were mild and comparable; headache and constipation were the ones most frequently reported. Prednisolone significantly improves the antiemetic effect of granisetron in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but the study also emphasizes the poor complete protection rate in patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 223 (1969), S. 139-144 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spectrum ofK X-rays andγ-rays following the decay of170Tm has been reinvestigated using a high resolution Si(Li) detector. The intensities of theEC-branches from the ground state of170Tm to the ground state as well as to the first excited level in170Er have been measured. The total intensity of theEC-decay is (0.25 ± 0.05)% of all170Tm disintegrations with (0.18 ± 0.05)% leading to the ground state and (0.07±0.02)% leading to the first excited level of170Er. The energy of the de-excitingγ-ray has been determined to (78.7±0.5) keV. Its intensity is (0.28 ± 0.06)% of that of the 84.3 keVγ-ray in170Yb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 209 (1968), S. 111-118 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The60Co decay has been reinvestigated using an electromagneticβ-spectrometer and a Ge(Li)γ-spectrometer. A new weakβ −-transition of characterΔJ=3, no parity change between the 5+ groundstate of60Co and the second excited 2+ level atE=2.155 MeV in60Ni could be established. The endpoint energies and intensities of the threeβ −-transitions are: $$\begin{gathered} E_{\beta \bar 1\max } = \left( {1.492 \pm 0.020} \right)MeV,I_{\beta \bar 1} = \left( {0.08 \pm 0.02} \right)\% ; \hfill \\ E_{\beta \bar 2\max } = \left( {0.670 \pm 0.020} \right)MeV,I_{\beta \bar 2} = \left( {0.18 \pm 0.03} \right)\% ; \hfill \\ E_{\beta \bar 3\max } = \left( {0.315 \pm 0.004} \right)MeV,I_{\beta \bar 3} = \left( {99.74 \pm 0.05} \right)\% ; \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ . The intensity ratio of the stopover and crossoverγ-transitions deexciting the 2.155 MeV level has been determined to be ≧120. Some conclusions for the theory are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 340 (1975), S. 63-74 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Colon Resection ; Colon Blood Supply ; Appendices Epiploicae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an 12 Kadavern über den Arterienverlauf in den Appendices epiploicae.[/p] Es gibt drei Arten von Appendices. Alle beinhalten einen arteriellen Blutgefäßbogen. Dieser Bogen entspringt entweder von der Randarkade oder von den Vasa recta longa. Die Unterbindung der Appendices epiploicae oder der vasa recta, die sich in die Appendices vorwölben, stört die Darmdurchblutung nicht. Es stellt sich immer noch eine starke Kollateralzirkulation dar. Wird aber die Randarkade bei einer Colonresektion unterbunden, so muß der Darm in der gleichen Ebene durchschnitten werden.
    Notes: Summary Studies in 12 cadavers about arterial supply of the appendices epiploicae. There are three kinds of appendices. All of them contain an arterial arch. This arch is derived either from the marginal artery or from the long vasa recta. The tying of appendices together with their vasa recta never interrupt the blood supply of the colon. There is always a sufficient collateral circulation. If however a marginal artery is tied the gut has to be transsected at the same level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 348 (1979), S. 201-209 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Sclerosing agents ; Experiments on rat legs ; Sclerosing and side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand subcutaner Injektionen am Rattenunterschenkel wurden der Sklerosierungseffekt und die Nebenwirkungen von drei gebräuchlichen Lösungen zur paravasalen Verödungsbehandlung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß von den drei untersuchten Sklerosierungsmitteln 5 %iges Phenolmandelöl die geringste Gewebstoxicität, bei ausreichender Kollagenfaserbildung hat.
    Notes: Summary Sclerosing and side effects of three solutions mostly used for paravasal sclerotherapy were studied by subcutaneous injections in lower legs of rats. The results demonstrate that of the three examined sclerosing agents 5 p.c. phenol in almond oil has the lowest toxicity in tissue besides a sufficient production of collagen fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Chromosome aberrations ; Pharmacokinetics ; Tauromustine ; Lung cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tauromustine (TCNU) is an exploratory drug that has demonstrated activity in various solid tumors. We examined chromosome aberrations and plasma levels of the drug in two groups of patients receiving either a single dose of 130 mg/m2 or 40 mg/m2 on 3 consecutive days. Peak plasma concentrations (mean ±SD) were obtained at a similar time after both treatments, i.e., at 38±25, 32±24, 28±14, and 40±26 min after administration of 130 mg/m2 on day 1 and after that of 40 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In addition, the cumulative area under the curve (AUC value) determined after administration of 40 mg/m2×3 was similar to that noted after treatment with a single dose of 130 mg/m2, i.e., 180 and 179 μg min ml-1, respectively. Both treatments induced chromosome aberrations (CAs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. A dose-dependent increase in the number of CAs was found, with 40 mg/m2 producing 5.5% CAs and 130 mg/m2 yielding 20.9% CAs at 24 h after treatment. In addition, although the drug concentration declined to a level under the detection limit between the daily treatments, drug-induced chromosome damage was cumulative, with the 90-min values increasing from 4.8% on day 1 to 14.3% CAs on day 3. In individual patients, no correlation was found between CAs and kinetic parameters; however, the total mean CA yield was in agreement with the total drug exposure (CAs, 14.3% and 14.6%, AUC 180±62.8 and 179±115 μg min ml-1, respectively).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 24 (1989), S. 113-116 
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tallysomycin S10b is a new bleomycin analogue. In animal studies it has shown the same degree of antineoplastic activity as bleomycin; however in contrast to that of bleomycin, its dose-limiting effect in animal systems is renal toxicity and its pulmonary toxicity is less pronounced. A total of 16 patients received tallysomycin S10b at three exploratory levels: 3 patients were given a dose of 1.25 mg/m2, 9 received 2.5 mg/m2 and 4 were given 5 mg/m2 as i.v. bolus injections twice weekly. Before treatment and every 3 weeks, plain chest X-rays, pulmonary function tests, renography and 51Cr-EDTA clearance were carried out. No renal toxicity was found in any of the treatment groups. In the first two groups no changes in chest X-rays were observed during treatment, whereas in the third group a decrease in single-breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) was seen in one patient until the treatment was discontinued. Two of four patients receiving 5 mg/m2 developed interstitial pneumonitis at total doses of 104 and 160 mg, respectively. During the trial no haematologic or hepatic changes occurred due to the drug. The frequency of occurrence of skin changes, stomatitis and fever increased with the cumulative dose of tallysomycin S10b, and these side effects were similar to those seen with bleomycin. No tumor regression was seen during the trial. In contrast to the findings in previous animal studies, we found that the dose-limiting effect was pulmonary and not renal toxicity. The recommended dose for further phase II trials is 2.5 mg/m2 twice weekly, with careful monitoring of the pulmonary function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cisplatin derivative TNO-6 was evaluated for clinical toxicity in a phase I trial. TNO-6 was given daily for 5 days every 3 weeks as a 30-min IV infusion without hydration. In all, 39 patients with advanced cancer were treated at doses of 2.5–9.0 mg/m2. No dose-limiting nephrotoxicity occurred, but evidence of mild, reversible tubular damage was found. Dose-limiting toxicity was tubular damage was found. Dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic with both thrombopenia and leukocytopenia, which with high dose levels reached WHO grade 4. Hematologic toxicity was most pronounced for pretreated patients. No antitumor activity was seen. The recommended dose for phase II trials will be 9.0 mg/m2 for previously untreated and 8.0 mg/m2 for pretreated patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic properties of tauromustine (TCNU) were studied in 31 cancer patients who participated in phase I trials. The patients received single oral doses of tauromustine in the range of 20–170 mg/m2. Plasma samples were taken over 24 h after administration and analysed for tauromustine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Parent TCNU could be demonstrated in the plasma of all patients. Its absorption was rapid (tmax=38±22 min), the half-life was 57±22 min (mean±SD), and maximal concentration (Cmax) and AUC values were linearly related to the dose level. Thus, our study does not indicate dose-dependent pharmacokinetics for the drug in the range of 20–170 mg/m2. Thrombocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity of TCNU; the reduction of platelet counts appeared to be linearly related to the log dose and Cmax and AUC values. TCNU appears to exhibit pharmacokinetic properties that are different from those of other nitrosoureas, which might be important for the clinical effect of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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