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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sediment transfer in the glaciofluvial environment — a Himalayan perspective (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 22 (1993), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Alaknanda basin ; Proglacial streams ; Glaciofluvial environment ; Sediment transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Alaknanda river, a major Himalayan proglacial stream, and its tributaries have been studied to evaluate sediment sources, production mechanisms, and transport pathways in the Alaknanda river basin. The study is based on a single-time sampling of the river and its tributaries and gives an insight into the suspended load pattern of the river from its source to its confluence with the other major Himalayan proglacial stream, the Bhagirathi. It is tentatively concluded that the suspended load of the Alaknanda is primarily due to natural processes and events and does not reflect the effects of human intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00767405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River – a tributary of the lower Ganga, India (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (1999), S. 90-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Damodar River ; Heavy metals ; Grain size ; Chemical fractionation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in different grain-size fractions and geochemical association of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn with 〈63-μm size fraction of bed sediments of Damodar River has been studied. In general, concentrations of heavy metals tend to increase as the size fractions get finer. However at two sites, near mining areas, the coarser particles show similar or even higher heavy metal concentrations than finer ones. The higher residence time and/or presence of coarser particles from mining wastes are possibly responsible for higher metal content in the coarser size fractions. The chemical fractionation study shows that lithogenic is the major chemical phase for heavy metals. Fe and Mn are the major elements of the lithogenic lattice, constituting 34–63% and 22–59%, respectively, of total concentrations. Fe-Mn oxide and organic bound fractions are significant phases in the non-lithogenic fraction. The carbonate fraction is less significant for heavy metal scavenging in the present environment and shows the following order of abundance Zn〉Cu〉Mn〉Fe. The exchangeable fraction of the Damodar sediments contains very low amounts of heavy metals suggesting poor bioavailability of metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050439
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental geochemistry of Damodar River basin, east coast of India (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 37 (1999), S. 124-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Damodar River ; Weathering ; Anthropogenic ; Heavy metal ; Total dissolved solids ; Total suspended matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Water and bed sediment samples collected from the Damodar River and its tributaries were analysed to study elemental chemistry and suspended load characteristics of the river basin. Na and Ca are the dominant cations and HCO3 is the dominant anion. The water chemistry of the Damodar River basin strongly reflects the dominance of continental weathering aided by atmospheric and anthropogenic activities in the catchment area. High concentrations of SO4 and PO4 at some sites indicate the mining and anthropogenic impact on water quality. The high concentration of dissolved silica, relatively high (Na+K)/TZ+ ratio (0.2–0.4) and low equivalent ratio of (Ca+Mg)/(Na+K) indicate that dissolved ions contribute significantly to the weathering of aluminosilicate minerals of crystalline rocks. The seasonal data show a minimum ionic concentration in the monsoon season, reflecting the influence of atmospheric precipitation on total dissolved solids contents. The suspended sediments show a positive correlation with discharge and both discharge and suspended load reach their maximum value during the monsoon season. Kaolinite is the mineral that is possibly in equilibrium with the water. This implies that the chemistry of the Damodar River water favours kaolinite formation. The concentration of heavy metals in the finer size fraction (〈37 μ m) is significantly higher than the bulk composition. The geoaccumulation index values calculated for Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cr are well below zero, suggesting that there is no pollution from these metals in Damodar River sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050369
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weathering and Geochemical Processes Controlling Solute Acquisition in Ganga Headwater–Bhagirathi River, Garhwal Himalaya, India (1999)
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 5 (1999), S. 357-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: Bhagirathi river ; Ganga headwater ; solute acquisition ; suspended sediments ; weathering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Water and suspended sediment samples were collected along a longitudinal transect of the Bhagirathi – a headwater stream of the river Ganga, during the premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons, in order to assess the solute acquisition processes and sediment transfer in a high elevation river basin. Study results show that surface waters were dominated by HCO3 and SO4 in anionic abundance and Ca in cationic concentrations. A high concentration of sulphate in the source region indicates oxidative weathering of sulphide bearing minerals in the drainage basin. The combination of high concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate and sulphate in river water suggests that coupled reaction involving sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution are mainly controlling the solute acquisition processes in the drainage basin. The sediment transfer reveals that glacial weathering and erosion is the major influence on sediment production and transfer. The seasonal and spatial variation in ionic concentration, in general, is related to discharge and lithology. The sediment mineralogy and water mineral equilibrium indicate that water composition is in equilibrium with kaolinite. The river Bhagirathi annually delivers 0.74 M.tons of dissolved and 7.88 M.tons of suspended load to the river Ganga at Devprayag. The chemical and physical denudation rate of the Bhagirathi is 95 and 1010 tons/km2/yr, higher than the Indian and global average.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009698016548
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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