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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolically dependent blood-brain barrier breakdown in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 630-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Dinitrophenol ; Gadolinium ; Lanthanum ; Vesicle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE), a model of immune-mediated demyelination, using gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in vivo and the bood-brain barrier (BBB) markers, lanthanum nitrate and Gd nitrate, histologically. In regions of the spinal cord showing Gd enhancement, there was evidence for vesicular transport as a mechanism of BBB breakdown in CREAE, shown by an increased number of endiothelial vesicles containing lanthanide (lanthanum or Gd, whichever had been perfused) and deposition of tracer in the perivascular space; tight interendothelial junctions remained intact. Prior perfusion with 2,4-dinitrophenol, a metabolic inhibitor, suppressed the appearance of endothelial vesicles containing lanthanide and tracer in the perivascular space. We conclude that an important contribution to BBB breakdown in CREAE is mediated by a metabolic change in the endothelial cells associated with increased vesicular transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299413
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the human nerve growth-factor gene (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe a novel T to C transition at position −198 from the transcription start of the human nerve growth-factor (NGF) gene. In British Caucasoid healthy control group that we have genotyped, T and C allele frequencies are 0.633 and 0.367, respectively. This polymorphism affects vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding to its motif in the NGF promoter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00541.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guilds: The Multiple Meanings of a Concept (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 34 (1989), S. 423-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.002231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pilot study of the relationship between gadolinium-enhancing lesions, gender effect and polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in multiple sclerosis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150070179
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological findings correlated with MRI in HIV infection (1993)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 264-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: HIV ; MRI ; Basal ganglia ; postmortem examinations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI forms an important part of the assessment of patients with HIV-related disease presenting with cerebral smyptoms. Eleven formalin-fixed brains were studied at 0.5 T using T2- and T1-weighted sequences. In two cases of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and one case each of toxoplasmosis and lymphoma, the extent of white matter abnormality seen on MRI corresponded broadly with that on pathological examination. In general, however, histological changes were more frequent than lesions on MRI. Cases in which abnormalities were not seen with standard MRI included those with multiple tuberculous granulomata, multinucleate giant cells, microglial nodules, perivascular cuffing and cytomegalovirus inclusions. A common finding on MRI was punctate or patchy high signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted scans, seen in six cases. Corresponding histological changes included calcification of vessels with widened perivascular spaces, and mineralised neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602609
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of optic nerve and postchiasmal visual pathways and visual evoked potentials in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (1998)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 40 (1998), S. 765-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Visual evoked potentials ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the relationship between abnormalities shown by MRI and functional disturbances in the visual pathway as assessed by the visual evoked potential (VEP) in 25 patients with established multiple sclerosis (MS); only 4 of whom had a history of acute optic neuritis. Optic nerve MRI was abnormal in 19 (76 %) and is thus useful in detecting subclinical disease. Optic nerve total lesion length and area on the STIR sequence was found to correlate significantly with prolongation of the VEP latency. This may reflect a predominantly demyelinating rather than inflammatory origin for the signal change in the optic nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050681
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical plaques visualised by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging in relapsing multiple sclerosis (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. S10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging ; Cortical plaques ; Blood-brain-barrier breakdown
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging with prolonged inversion times allows generation of highly T2-weighted images of the brain with suppression of cerebrospinal fluid signal. Such sequences result in high lesion contrast and allow visualisation of abnormalities not seen with conventional T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. We used FLAIR sequences, proton density (PD) and standard T2-weighted images to examine lesion number and distribution in ten patients with clinically definite relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). We also studied the extent and distribution of blood-brain-barrier breakdown by gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. FLAIR sequences proved feasible both in terms of acquisition time and image quality using a 0.5 T imager. FLAIR imaging allowed identification of 45 % more high-signal lesions than T2-weighted or PD images in the 10 patients. In particular, 60 % more lesions within the cortex and at the grey-white interface were identified. Cortical lesions, none of which enhanced following gadolinium-DTPA injection, were present in seven of the ten patients studied. Of all lesions identified, 8 % were cortical. FLAIR sequences are more sensitive to cortical and subcortical lesions in patients with active demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050910
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical plaques visualised by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging in relapsing multiple sclerosis (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. S10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging ; Cortical plaques ; Blood-brain-barrier breakdown
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging with prolonged inversion times allows generation of highly T2-weighted images of the brain with suppression of cerebrospinal fluid signal. Such sequences result in high lesion contrast and allow visualisation of abnormalities not seen with conventional T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. We used FLAIR sequences, proton density (PD) and standard T2-weighted images to examine lesion number and distribution in ten patients with clinically definite relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). We also studied the extent and distribution of blood-brain-barrier breakdown by gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. FLAIR sequences proved feasible both in terms of acquisition time and image quality using a 0.5 T imager. FLAIR imaging allowed identification of 45 % more high-signal lesions than T2-weighted or PD images in the 10 patients. In particular, 60 % more lesions within the cortex and at the grey-white interface were identified. Cortical lesions, none of which enhanced following gadolinium-DTPA injection, were present in seven of the ten patients studied. Of all lesions identified, 8 % were cortical. FLAIR sequences are more sensitive to cortical and subcortical lesions in patients with active demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278111
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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