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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The High Temperature Heat Content of Nickel Oxide (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 909-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01609a032
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of the pore forming protein of yeast mitochondrial outer membrane (1988)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 15 (1988), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Ion-channel ; porin ; mitochondrial outer membrane ; lipid bilayer ; yeast mitochondria ; voltagedependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract One of the major outer membrane proteins of yeast mitochondria was isolated and purified. It migrated as a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa on a SDS-electrophoretogram. When reconstituted in lipid bilayer membranes the protein formed pores with a single channel conductance of 0.45 nS in 0.1 M KCl. The pores had the characteristics of general diffusion pores with an estimated diameter of 1.7 nm. The pore of mitochondrial outer membranes of yeast shared some similarities with the pores formed by mitochondrial and bacterial porins. The pores switched to substates at voltages higher than 20 mV. The possible role of this voltagedependence in the metabolism of mitochondria is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256477
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A guide to antibiotic resistance in bacterial skin infections (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The emergence of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is not new. In this review we have tried to cover the ever increasing problems facing the treatment and containment of bacterial skin infections. We have tried to give an overview of the varied mechanisms by which bacteria gain and spread antimicrobial resistance, whilst dealing with the patterns of resistance exhibited by some of the commonly encountered organisms. Where there is evidence, we have formulated an approach on how to tackle antibiotic resistance. Where there is a lack of evidence we have formulated what we perceive to be appropriate guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01296.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Literature review (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Onychomycoses have been divided into several categories depending on the site of nail penetration by the fungus. However, not all cases entirely fit with this classification, such as potentially the deep spread of superficial fungi, suggesting alternative penetration routes.A recent European study showed that the prevalence of onychomycosis may be as high as 26.9%. The main causative agent varies according to climate; dermatophyte infections are common worldwide (70% in Europe).Mycological examination is currently the preferred diagnostic method, despite a false-negative rate of 30%. A clinical diagnostic aid that can be used alongside mycological tests is currently being developed. Newer diagnostic approaches include calcofluor, which stains fungi in nails, and molecular genetic techniques for species recognition (e.g. RFLP). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) can also distinguish between failed treatment and reinfection.Onychomycosis can be treated with numerous oral and topical agents alone or in combination. In some studies, combination therapy appears more effective than monotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01288.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patients at risk of onychomycosis – risk factor identification and active prevention (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives  The aims of this workshop were to identify risk factors for onychomycosis and to reach consensus on the management of high-risk groups to allow the development of guidelines to help doctors recognize risk factors that complicate treatment.Results and Conclusions  Previous Trichophyton rubrum infection, older age, abnormal nail morphology, immunodeficiency and genetic factors were identified as risk factors for initial infections. Risk factors for recurrence (relapse and re-infection) are largely the same.The experts agreed that the prevention of onychomycosis and its recurrence should be based on the correct treatment of tinea pedis, screening family members and adequate patient education.In addition, generic management recommendations for each high-risk group were discussed:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉• Immunosuppressed patients〈list style="custom"〉◆ Usual dose and treatment length not appropriate◆ Follow-up required◆ Beware of drug interactions• Diabetics〈list style="custom"〉◆ Prophylactic foot care combined with nail treatment◆ Good opportunity for patient education, footwear, foot care, etc.◆ Beware of drug interactions• Psoriatics and patients with abnormal nails〈list style="custom"〉◆ Dermatophyte eradication does not restore normal nails• Children〈list style="custom"〉◆ High failure rate possibly due to compliance problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01282.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacoeconomics – an aid to better decision-making (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives  The first aim of this workshop was to define pharmacoeconomic concepts and terminology. Pharmacoeconomics can be defined as the branch of economics that uses cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, cost-minimization, cost-of-illness and cost-utility analyses to compare pharmaceutical products and treatment strategies. Economic evaluations provide healthcare decision-makers with valuable information, allowing optimal allocation of limited resources. However, pharmacoeconomics is based on long-term benefits, whereas physicians are typically forced to seek immediate savings. The second aim was to review pharmacoeconomic studies in the field of onychomycosis and finally to discuss future perspectives.Results and Conclusions  We discussed current pharmacoeconomic issues on the management of onychomycosis. Consensus was reached on the following issues:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉• Published pharmacoeconomic studies concerning onychomycosis are flawed. Future studies should be based on internationally validated principles and appropriate models. The fact that costs of different drugs, laboratory examinations and physician visits vary worldwide should be considered. Cost-benefit studies are required.• The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommendations are often considered in countries other than the UK, even when not adapted to the country in question.• Generic drugs might reduce costs, but this depends on their effectiveness (bioavailability).• Sampling requests affect the economic cost (dependent on methodology, which depends on country) and physicians often trust their instincts even when tests are repeatedly negative.• The cost of adverse event management is usually considered to be 10%; this may be too high for onychomycosis, as treatments are relatively safe without severe side-effects.• Probability of recurrence for each drug should be determined.• Need for disease severity standardization, definition of diagnostic criteria and successful treatment (mycological and clinical cure).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01285.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superficial white onychomycosis revisited (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Superficial white onychomycosis (SWO) is a distinct pattern of fungal nail invasion, which is usually treated with topical antifungals.Objective  This paper presents a case of SWO with deep penetration and records other similar cases.Methods  The clues to deep invasion of the nail plate are twofold: an inability to clear the discoloration by scraping the nail and a clinical involvement of the nail plate in the proximal nailfold area. Histology of the nail keratin will confirm deep penetration beyond the superficial layers of the nail plate.Results  In the light of this finding the authors propose a further subdivision of SWO to reflect previously unrecognized variants with therapeutic implications into: (i) the classical SWO type; (ii) the dual invasion of the nail plate, superficial and ventral; and (iii) the pseudo-SWO with deep fungal invasion of the nail plate.Conclusions  This subdivision of SWO allows the clinician to treat the patient appropriately using topical antifungals when the disease is restricted to the dorsum of the nail. Systemic drugs either in isolation or in combination with topical treatment are mandatory when deep penetration or ventral fungal invasion are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.01015.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Bovine Eye Lens γD (γIIIb)-Crystallin at 1.95 Å (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 712-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of bovine lens γIIIb-crystallin at 2.5 Å resolution previously reported was interpreted using a consensus sequence derived from related vertebrate sequences on the assumption that γIIIb-crystallin derived from the γC-crystallin gene. It has recently been shown that γIIIb is a product of the bovine γD gene. The structure of γIIIb has now been refined with the bovine γD sequence using new 1.95 Å resolution synchrotron data. The crystallographic R factor was 20.4% for all 33 104 reflection data between 8.0 and 1.95 Å measured at 277(1) K. The electron density fully supported the assignment of the γD sequence to γIIIb. The crystal belongs to space group P212121 with two molecules of molecular mass 20 749 Da in the asymmetric unit in which 219 water molecules were located. The two-domain four-Greek-key motif highly symmetrical protein is very similar in structure to γB-crystallin (81% sequence identity). There is a single amino-acid deletion in γD in the linker region connecting the two domains. The intermolecular oganization in the crystal lattice is quite different from γB as a result of key mutations involving surface residues Leu51, Ile103 and His155. These point mutations will contribute to the intermolecular behaviour of the γ-crystallins in the eye lens, where they are major components of the densely packed, high refractive index regions of the lens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444996000352
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-linking analysis of yeast mitochondrial outer membrane
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 860 (1986), S. 690-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Yeast) ; Contact site ; Cross-linking ; Glutathione ; Hexokinase ; Oligomerization ; Outer membrane ; Pore protein ; transferase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(86)90568-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tetra-aza macrocycle derived from (+)-Pulegone. Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) and cobalt(III) complexes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 64 (1982), S. L133-L135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0020-1693(00)90302-5
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