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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude décrit les effets délétères des particules alpha avec des doses de 6.000r avec une énergie de 48 Mev sur les fibres nerveuses et sur les gaines myéliniques de l'écorce cérébrale et cerebelleuse, aussi bien que la régénération consécutive des fibres nerveuses. Une demyélinisation frappante est manifeste 96 heures après l'irradiation, spécialement au niveau de la bande du »pic de Bragg« correspondant à la zone dans laquelle la libération de l'énergie est à son maximum. Avec le temps la demyélinisation s'accroit. La destruction de la myéline semble due principalement à l'atteinte cellulaire directe. Les axones semblaient beaucoup moins vulnérables à l'irradiation que la myéline. Quelques 16 jours après l'irradiation un processus de régénération apparaissait. Nos recherches parlent en faveur d'une rémyélinisation des cylindres-axes préexistants. En même temps des fibres néoformées myélinisées, qui prenaient leur origine des fibres afferents en dessous de la »bande« sous-mentionnée, commençaient à peupler la bande et augmentaient progressivement. La régénération finissait entre le 4ème et le 7ème mois après l'irradiation. Dans la région de la régénération il n'y avait que de cellules semblables à la microglie réactive. On ne pouvait pas préciser si l'oligodendroglie prenait une influence sur la néoformation ou rémyélinsation. Le cortex cerebelleux présentait de changements semblables sous les mêmes conditions experimentales.
    Notes: Summary This study was concerned, on the one hand, with the effects of 48-Mev alphaparticle radiation, at a 6000 rad surface dose and a 30000 rad peak dose, on nerve fibers of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex and, on the other hand, with subsequent nerve-fiber regeneration. Striking demyelination in the irradiated part of the cortex was already evident at the 96-hour period, but was most prominent in the region of maximal energy release, i.e., in the “Bragg-peak band”. In time, the demyelination became still more profound. The myelin destruction was considered to be due chiefly to a direct effect of ionizing events on the myelin. Axis cylinders were much less radiovulnerable than the myelin. At about the 16th day after irradiation, a regenerative process was underway. Evidence was obtained that pre-existing axis cylinders that had lost their myelin became remyelinated. Myelinated nerve sprouts issuing chiefly from afferent fibers beneath the band began populating the band at this time period and grew progressively within it. The end-stage of fiber regrowth was considered to be between the 4th and 7th month after irradiation. The new growth was considered an expression of an innate capacity possessed by the central nervous system for continual axonal regrowth. Only reactive microglia-like cells were present in abundance in the region of axonal regrowth. Whether oligodendroglia had any influence on the remyelination cannot be stated. Similar changes were found to occur in cerebellar cortex under the same experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce cas est celui d'une enfant qui présentait à la naissance une large masse rétroauriculaire que le diagnostique clinique identifiait comme étant un hémangiome. La radio thérapie eut de très bons résultats. A onze ans on pratiqua l'ablation d'un sarcome cérébelleux qui ne semblait pas avoir été causé par la tumeur rétroauriculaire. Après traitement à moutarde nitrogénée et après trois appliquations de rayon X s'échelonnants pendant neuf mois et demi-soit une dose de radiation d'environ 7,953 r — son état s'aggrava. Pendant quatre traitements de «neutron capture», dirigés principalement sur la région sous-occipitale, on remarqua une amélioration spectaculaire, la malade pouvant s'asseoir et étant même capable de converser pendant quelque temps. Après ce traitement, la tumeur qui s'étendait dans la région sous-occipitale et dans la cou disparut, ainsi que presque toute la tumeur qui se trouvait dans le tiers dorsal du cervelet particulièrement dans la région la plus proche de l'aire sous-occipitale. Dans le tiers moyen cérébelleux on trouva également des agrégats de tumeurs plus ou moins grands, dont quelques-uns calcifiés, qui étaient isolés par un tissu conjonctif hyperplasique. Dans le tiers ventral du cervelet la tumeur ne cessa de croître dans la région non-irradiée par les neutrons. La tumeur était un sarcome d'origine périvasculaire située principalement dans la couche réticulaire cérébelleuse. La vie de la malade fut prolongée d'environ huit mois par le traitement de «neutron capture».
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with a girl who at birth had a large retroauricular mass diagnosed clinically as hemangioma. It responded well to X-ray therapy. When she was 11 years old, a sarcoma was removed from the cerebellum. No evidence could be found that the sarcoma had originated from the retroauricular tumor. After the use of nitrogen mustard locally and after three courses of X-ray therapy to the tumor over a period of 9 1/2 months — a total radiation dose of approximately 7,953 r — the patient was growing moribund. During 4 neutron-capture treatments, which were directed chiefly toward the suboccipital region, striking improvement occurred — to such an extent that the patient was able for a time to sit up in a wheelchair and converse. As a result of the therapy, all tumor which had spread suboccipitally and into the neck vanished, as did also virtually all tumor in the dorsal third of the cerebellum, i.e., in the region receiving the largest concentration of thermal neutrons. In the middle third of the cerebellum large and small tumor aggregates, some of them calcified, were necrotic and were walled off by hyperplastic connective tissue. In the ventral third of the cerebellum, in a region presumably out of the range of an effective concentration of thermal neutrons, the tumor grew unimpeded. Evidence indicated that the sarcoma in our case originated in the vascular sheath, chiefly about vessels in the granular layer of the cerebellum. Life was prolonged approximately 8 months by the neutron-capture therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 1 (1961), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the meeting of the IVth International Congress in Munich on 4–8 September, the status of neuropathology around the world was reviewed by the International Committee of Neuropathology, consisting of the Vice Presidents from 46 nations, with ProfessorJacob (of Germany) the Secretary-General. The review indicated that neuropathology flourishes in relatively few world centres and that in numerous other geographical areas neuropathology exists merely as a diagnostic service or is, in other ways, subsidiary to clinical departments. In still other areas the neuropathologist belongs to no school, but, like a waif, has to plot his own course. Such conditions exist even though it is universally recognized that strength in neuropathology is a prerequisite to continuing advance in the medical sciences. The solution to the problem in those areas of the world in which neuropathology has little stimulus will come when it is recognized that neuropathology is a medical sicence in its own right and can be effectively prosecuted and attract the best minds only when the neuropathologist is provided ample opportunity and is accorded an academic status coequal with that of other major medical specialties. Among the neuropathologists' missions are (1) clinicopathological correlation, (2) clinicoanatomical correlation, and (3) basic research. These are the missions so effectively carried out years ago in Germany that established neuropathology as a major medical science. The International Committee recognizes that in those countries expressing the desire for improvement in the status of neuropathology — whether through university or through governmental channels — the initial step in any ultimate solution is to have problems defined and needs ascertained. This survey is now underway. The Committee further recognizes that its primary concern should be in exploring ways and means whereby those desirous of entering a career in neuropathology can be adequately supported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 1 (1961), S. 271-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Fall von Landry-Guillain-Barré-Syndrom mit einer Krankheitsdauer von 15 Tagen und Tod durch Atemlähmung beschrieben. Läsionen wurden in allen Teilen des untersuchten kraniospinalen peripheren Nervensystems gefunden. Der Demyelinationsprozeß schien verschiedener Natur zu sein. Die am schwersten betroffenen Hirnnerven waren der III., VI. und XI. An den peripheren Spinalnerven waren die Läsionen in allen untersuchten Segmenthöhen gleich schwer ausgeprägt. Der Plexus brachialis bot die schwersten Veränderungen im gesamten peripheren Nervensystem, wobei die Stämme stärker als die Wurzeln betroffen waren. Der Plexus lumbosacralis war geringer betroffen. Der N. phrenicus, intercostalis und radialis befanden sich unter den am schwersten geschädigten peripheren Nerven. In diesen Nerven zeigten die Läsionen eine Zunahme der Intensität nach distalwärts. Das sympathische Nervensystem war ausgiebig am pathologischen Prozeß beteiligt. Die bemarkten Fasern waren nicht weniger betroffen, als die in anderen Teilen des peripheren Nervensystems. Die Remark-Fasern waren gering geschädigt. Fibrotische Gebiete im Truncus sympathicus wiesen auf eine frühere Schädigung hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 5 (1965), S. 176-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 20 (1972), S. 267-277 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain ; Brain Tumor ; Glioblastoma Multiforme ; Ionizing Radiation ; Effects on Brain ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was made of 32 monkeys which survived one to seven years after total body exposure to protons or to high-energy X rays. Among these 32 monkeys there were 21 which survived two years or longer after exposure to 200 to 800 rad. Glioblastoma multiforme developed in 3 of the 10 monkeys surviving three to five years after receiving 600 or 800 rad 55-MeV protons. Thus, the incidence of tumor development in the present series was far higher than the incidence of spontaneously developing brain tumors in monkeys cited in the literature. This suggests that the tumors in the present series may have been radiation-induced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 9 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
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    New York, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Harper's. 169:1014 (1934:Nov.) 742 
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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