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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biotechnology progress 8 (1992), S. 291-297 
    ISSN: 1520-6033
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biotechnology progress 11 (1995), S. 712-716 
    ISSN: 1520-6033
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 672 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biotechnology progress 10 (1994), S. 403-409 
    ISSN: 1520-6033
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When human peripheral him id B cells are cultured for 6 days with the T cell-dependent peptide antigen ovalbumin (OA) in the presence of antigen-presenting cells and helper T cells, plaque-forming cells (PFC) are generated. These OA-induced PFC differ from the conventional high-rate antibody-secreting PFC formed after stimulation of B cells with recall antigens (e.g. tetanus toxoid) in that they secrete antibody at a very low level. Previous studies have shown that OA-induced PFC are B lymphocytes in an early activation stale rather than cells that have differentiated into plasmablasts. The apparent arrest in the maturation of OA-induced PFC in an early activation phase can he overcome by simultaneous stimulation with interleukin 2 (1L-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). The isotype of the OA-specific antibodies secreted, however, are only of the IgM class, demonstrating that an isotype switch docs not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies it is demonstrated that, in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the T-cell dependent (TD) antigen ovalbumin (OA), responding B ceils are activated from the resting Mate The differentiation of the activated B cells to high rate-secreting plasma blasts, however, is attested in an early activation phase, in which they can be detected at low rate-secreting plaque-forming cell. The arrest does not occur when stimulation with OA occurs in the presence of antigen-nonspecific activation and maturation factors, which are provided in the culture by the anamnestic response to the TD antigen tetanus toxoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Ajmalicine ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Bioreactor ; Catharanthus roseus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Removal of gaseous metabolites in an aerated fermenter affects ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus negatively. Therefore, the role of CO2 and ethylene in ajmalicine production by C. roseus was investigated in 3 l fermenters (working volume 1.8 l) with recirculation of a large part of the exhaust air. Removal of CO2, ethylene or both from the recirculation stream did not have an effect on ajmalicine production. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in shake flasks with Co2+, Ni2+ or aminooxyacetic acid did not affect ajmalicine production. However, the removal of CO2 did enhance the amount of extracellular ajmalicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  For a stable and reliable operation of the biofilm airlift suspension reactor (BAS reactor) means to control biomass concentration, biofilm thickness and biofilm morphology are required. For this reason, the influence of applied detachment forces and surface substrate loading on the formation of heterotrophic biofilms in laboratory-scale BAS reactors was studied. Detachment forces were altered by variation of the initial bare carrier concentration or the superficial air velocity. In addition, the dynamics of biofilm formation during start-up of a full scale BAS reactor (300 m3) was monitored and compared with the laboratory-scale start-up (3 l). This study shows that the biofilm morphology and strength were influenced to a large extent by the surface substrate loading and applied detachment forces. A moderate surface substrate loading and a high detachment force yielded smooth and strong biofilms. The combination of a high surface substrate loading and low detachment forces did lead to rough biofilms, but did not lead to the expected high amount of biomass on the carrier, apparently because of the formation of weaker biofilms. The strength of the bio-films appeared to be related to the detachment forces applied during biofilm formation, in combination with the surface substrate loading. The biofilm morphology and biomass on carrier in the BAS reactor can be controlled using the carrier concentration, substrate loading rate and the superficial air velocity as parameters. The dynamics of biofilm formation during the start-up of a full-scale BAS reactor proved to be similar to heterotrophic biofilm formation in laboratory-scale reactors. This indicates that a model system on the laboratory scale can successfully be applied to predict dynamic phenomena in the full-scale reactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Biological phosphate removal has become a reliable and well-understood process for wastewater treatment. This review describes the historical development of the process and the most important microbiological and process-engineering aspects. From a microbiological point of view, the role of␣poly(hydroxyalkanoates) as storage material in a dynamic process and the use of polyphosphate as an energy reserve are the most important findings. From a process-engineering point of view, the study of biological phosphate removal has shown that highly complex biological processes can be designed and controlled, provided that the importance of the prevailing microbiological ecological processes is recognised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 813-819 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The ferrous iron oxidation kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in batch cultures was examined, using on-line off-gas analyses to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide consumption rates continuously. A cell suspension from continuous cultures at steady state was used as the inoculum. It was observed that a dynamic phase occurred in the initial phase of the experiment. In this phase the bacterial ferrous iron oxidation and growth were uncoupled. After about 16 h the bacteria were adapted and achieved a pseudo-steady state, in which the specific growth rate and oxygen consumption rate were coupled and their relationship was described by the Pirt equation. In pseudo-steady state, the growth and oxidation kinetics were accurately described by the rate equation for competitive product inhibition. Bacterial substrate consumption is regarded as the primary process, which is described by the equation for competitive product inhibition. Subsequently the kinetic equation for the specific growth rate, μ, is derived by applying the Pirt equation for bacterial substrate consumption and growth. The maximum specific growth rate, μ max, measured in the batch culture agrees with the dilution rate at which washout occurs in continuous cultures. The maximum oxygen consumption rate, q O2,max, of the cell suspension in the batch culture was determined by respiration measurements in a biological oxygen monitor at excess ferrous iron, and showed changes of up to 20% during the course of the experiment. The kinetic constants determined in the batch culture slightly differ from those in continuous cultures, such that, at equal ferric to ferrous iron concentration ratios, biomass-specific rates are up to 1.3 times higher in continuous cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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