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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 70-74 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental MCA-occlusion ; Chronic infarction ; rCBF ; Border zone ; Neuronal loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The border of a chronic infarct is sharply demarcated. We found in our investigation, however, that this is merely a macroscopic diagnosis and does not say anything about the structure of the tissue and the content of morphologically preserved neurons in the marginal zones. In six cats the left cerebral artery was permanently occluded. Eight weeks later the animals were killed and autoradiographic investigations were conducted on cryostat sections to determine rCBF. Adjacent to every 20-μm section, a 10-μm HE section was prepared. Preserved nerve cells were counted in several areas of the cortex in a symmetric fashion in both the infarcted and the contralateral side in the identical regions where rCBF had been measured in the preceding section. Two additional non-ischemic cat brains served as controls, which were investigated in the same manner as described above. A marked loss of neurons was observed in the border zone of the infarct. Only occasionally preserved ganglion cells were seen in each cortical layer. Even in areas one gyrus distant to the margin of the infact the number of neurons was still reduced by one third as compared to the contralateral side. Starting only with the lateral gyrus the number of ganglionic cells was found to be equal on both sides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperactive carotid sinus reflex ; Carotid-artery sonography ; Arteriosclerosis ; Carotid arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven patients (15 female, 22 male; aged 46–89 years, mean age 68.8 years) with III or IV grade carotid sinus reflex carotid arteries were investigated by sonography (B-scan and CW-Doppler). It was demonstrated that stenoses or arteriosclerotic plaques, localized in the region of the carotid bulb or bifurcation, were present on both sides in 27 patients and on one side only in four patients. Five patients did not show these changes and four of them had thickening of common carotid artery endothelium. Thus, vascular changes occurred in 35 patients. Occlusions and stenoses 〉50% were visible in five patients. Primarily bilateral changes were shown as well as unilateral and bilateral pathologic reflex response; main localization was the posterior wall of the carotid bulb. Thus, arteriosclerotic changes seem to be important in the development of pathologic carotid sinus reflex. Cerebral complications (left-sided PRIND) occurred in one patient who did not have high degree carotid stenosis. In comparison to other authors who investigated only with CW-Doppler a much higher rate of arteriosclerotic wall changes and a greater occurrence of bilateral changes could be demonstrated by application of the highly sensitive B-scan sonography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 617-620 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: AT III deficiency ; Ischaemic stroke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary AT III activity and concentration were measured in 36 patients (mean age 65.5 yrs, range 43–77 yrs) with ischaemic stroke within maximally 48 h of the acute event. In 12 patients (=33%) AT III activity was reduced below 18.4 IU/ml: 50% of these patients showed normal and 50% reduced AT III concentration of less than 22 mg/dl. In 15 patients AT III activity and concentration were measured in the acute phase on admission to hospital and 12 months later. In the acute phase, AT III activity was reduced when compared with AT III concentration (y=0.19x+15.5) and did not correlate with the latter. 12 months later, however, AT III activity and concentration correlated significantly (r=0.92;p〈0.001) and the regression line was steeper (y=0.8x). During the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, intravascular coagulation is evidently increased and inactive AT III-thrombin complexes are formed, whereby the concentration of active AT III decreases. A patient with progressive stroke and reduced AT III activity of 14.2 IU/ml was therefore substituted with AT III concentrate. The further neurological course was favourable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Herpes simplex virus ; Encephalitis ; DNA hybridization ; In situ hybridization ; Cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was studied by in situ DNA hybridization with a biotinylated cDNA probe in 56 air-dried methanol-fixed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell preparations which had been collected from 12 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) during the previous 5 years. In three additional HSE cases, freshly prepared acetone-fixed CSF cell preparations were available. In all cases, CSF cell preparations were obtained by cytocentrifugation. Herpes simplex virus DNA could be demonstrated in 8 of the 12 HSE cases with methanol-fixed cells (66%) and in all 3 cases with fresh acetone-fixed CSF cells. The earliest CSF sample was available at the onset of symptoms and showed positive DNA hybridization. In three cases hybridization was positive after a clinical course of more than 5 weeks but was usually found in the 1st week of illness before the beginning of specific inthrathecal IgG synthesis. In 54 control cases with other acute inflammatory diseases of the CNS, including 14 cases of varicella-zoster meningitis, no positive hybridization was detected. These findings strongly suggest that in situ hybridization in CSF cells is a reliable tool for the early and rapid diagnosis of HSE, especially at the onset of the disease, when no antibodies can be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage ; Arteriovenous malformation ; Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome ; Neurocutaneous angiomatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiographic findings are described in a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, who also had a cerebral haemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation. The resulting aphasia disappeared completely after resorption of the haemorrhage. In this syndrome, the occurrence of a cerebral angioma has not previously been mentioned in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Cerebellar diaschisis ; Pontine haematoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebellar glucose metabolism was studied in one patient with a hemipontine haematoma in order to investigate remote metabolic effects within the cerebellar lobules. In the patient, who suffered a circumscribed hemipontine haemorrhage, and in three normal subjects cerebellar glucose metabolisms was studied using18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose and high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET). Regions of interest were placed on sagittal brain slices of co-registered magnetic resonance images for quantitative evaluation of glucose metabolism in each cerebellar lobule. Interruption of corticopontine fibres caused inactivation of pontine nuclei with subsequent contralateral cerebellar diaschisis, mainly in the anterior lobe and the posterior portion of the quadrangular lobule. Damage within the ponto-cerebellar part of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway, e.g. pontine nuclei and crossing ponto-cerebellar fibres from contralateral pontine nuclei, led to ipsi- and contralateral cerebellar diaschisis within the semilunar, gracile and biventral lobules. High-resolution PET is capable of demonstrating bilateral diaschisis involving specific cerebellar lobules to a different degree that is consistent with the pontine anatomy of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway and with the location of the haemorrhagic lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 3 (1966), S. 187-191 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Summary The maintained activities of 116 neurons of the cat's optic nerve were recorded on tape. Non-sequential interval histograms were computed; in 29 neurons a multimodal type was observed. The peaks were regularly spaced corresponding to a fundamental period of 20–35 msec. Similar interval histograms were found also during constant illumination and under the influence of strychnine and picrotoxin. In the same neuron the interval histogram may alternate between a unimodal and a multimodal type. The discussion is based on the assumption of two interacting generators differing with respect to their characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 36 (1977), S. 117-138 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung anuneoplastisdier Behandlung auf Gliome ist abhängig von der Tumorzeil- und Proliferationskinetik, der Gliomarchitektur und dem umgebenden Hirngewebe. Durch Strahlen- und Chemotherapie induzierte morphologische Veränderungen sind gekennzeichnet durch Zellnekrosen sowie schwere Zell- und Kernschäden durch Eingriffe in die Zellkinetik, doch können diese auch spontan in unbehandelten anaplastischen Gliomen auftreten. Vergleichsuntersuchungen von zytologischen Abstrichen und histologischen Routinepräparaten an Biopsie- und Autopsiematerial von 4 Gruppen anaplastischer Astrozytome und Glioblastome (78 Fälle) wurden nach postoperativer Strahlenbehandlung, Polychemotherapie und CCNU-Behandlung sowie ohne spezifische postoperative Therapie (Kontrollgruppe) vorgenommen. Nach Strahlen- und Chemotherapie fanden sich neben gesteigerter Nekrose und Gefäßreaktion verschiedene charakteristische, aber unspezifische Zell- und Kernveränderungen mit gesteigerter Neigung zur Bildung vielkerniger Riesen- und Monsterzellen, Kernhyperchromasie sowie schwerer Zytoplasmadegeneration als Hinweise auf Mitosestörungen und Zellschädigung. Nach antineoplastischer Therapie fand sich eine statistisch signifikante Zunahme von Riesen- und vielkernigen Monsterzellen sowie Abnahme der Mitosen, wobei diese Veränderungen nach Chemotherapie stärker ausgeprägt waren als nach Bestrahlung. Zwischen Polychemo- und CCNU-Behandlung ergaben sich keine wesentlichen Abweichungen. Die Bedeutung dieser zytologischen Spätbefunde auf die Effekte antineoplastischer Behandlung anaplastischer Gliome wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The effects of antineoplastic treatment on gliomas are related to tumour cell cycle and proliferation kinetics, glioma tissue architecture, and the surrounding environment. Morphological changes induced by radiation and chemotherapy are characterized by cell necrosis and severe alterations in cell and nuclear morphology caused by changes in the cell kinetic parameters which, however, may also occur spontaneously in untreated anaplastic gliomas. Comparative studies of cytological imprints and routine histological preparations of biopsy and autopsy specimens were performed in four groups of anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas (78 cases) with postsurgical irradiation, combination chemotherapy, and CCNU treatment, and without specific postsurgical treatment (control group). Following radiation and chemotherapy, in addition to increased necrosis and vascular response, a variety of characteristic but nonspecific changes were observed in cell and nuclear morphology with prominent formation of multinucleated giant and monstrous cells, irregular and hyperchromatic nuclei, and severe cytoplasmic degeneration indicating both inhibition of cell division and cell damage. Statistically significant findings were a posttreatment increase in the number of multinucleated giant and monstrous cells and a decrease in the number of mitoses. These changes were more pronounced after chemotherapy than after radiation, while no significant dissimilarities were found between combination chemotherapy and CCNU. The implications of these changes on the mechanisms of antitumour treatment in anaplastic gliomas are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 42 (1978), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postoperative survival times of patients suffering from glioblastoma (astrozytoma III-IV) were compared in unselected groups receiving different forms of therapy: standard surgical therapy (16 cases, mean survival time 6.27±3.75 months), postoperative polychemotherapy (16 patients, survival time 8.96±4.97 months) or postoperative CCNU-monotherapy (24 cases, survival time 6.98±4.46 months). The mean survival time in the group receiving polychemotherapy was prolonged significantly when compared to the group with standard treatment. Survival time of the patient group treated with CCNU was not significantly increased. The results indicate that postoperative combination chemotherapy is more effective than CCNU monotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    JETP letters 69 (1999), S. 563-569 
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 21.60.Cs ; 21.10.Ky ; 21.10.Gv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Manifestations of pronounced shell effects are discovered when non-axial octupole deformations are added to a harmonic oscillator model. The degeneracies of the quantum spectra are in good agreement with the corresponding main periodic orbits and winding number ratios which are found by classical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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