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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Meningeal sign ; Dural infiltration ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In intracranial meningiomas a flat, contrast-enhancing, dural structure adjacent to the tumor can occasionally be observed on gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MR images. We wished to evaluate whether there is a correlation between MR images and meningeal invasion of intracranial meningiomas. The study included 54 patients with intracranial meningioma and the meningeal sign. MR studies included T2-weighted and gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Histopathologic examinations were done on the meningiomas adjacent to the dura mater. The meningeal sign on MRI was observed from 2 up to 35 mm from the main tumor mass in 31 (57 %) of the 54 patients. In 20 of these 31 the histopathologic examination showed tumor invasion, while 11 patients had no tumor invasion but tissue proliferation, hypervascularity, and vascular dilatation. Seven of the 23 meningiomas without the meningeal sign had histologically proven infiltration of the adjacent dura. MR imaging is not able to determine definitive whether or not there is dural infiltration of the meningiomas. In conclusion, resection of the tumor with a wide margin is necessary to achieve complete excision of meningioma and to avoid recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Ovary ; Neoplasms ; Pelvis ; MR ; US
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of our work was to study the specificity of MRI in comparison with transvaginal US for differentiation of malignant from benign adnexal lesions. A total of 67 patients with clinically suspicious adnexal lesions were evaluated by MRI. Transaxial and coronal images were acquired using T1-weighted sequences before and following IV contrast and T2-weighted sequences. In all patients transvaginal ultrasound examinations (TVUS) were performed. For both imaging modalities each lesion was classified separately as either benign or malignant according to previously published criteria. Pathologic findings were available in 65 cases. Both MRI and TVUS correctly classified the 12 malignant lesions (sensitivity 100 %). Specificity (MRI: 78.2 %, TVUS: 65.5 %) and accuracy (MRI: 82 %, TVUS: 71.6 %) were higher with MRI than with TVUS, but differences were statistically not significant (p = 0.18 and p = 0.20, chi-square test). There was agreement/disagreement between findings of MRI and US in 52/15 lesions. The macroscopic criteria for malignancy are unspecific and result in a limitation of the specificity of both MRI and TVUS. The MRI technique is a valuable adjunct to TVUS by enabling further clarification of adnexal tumors with equivocal complex or solid vaginal sonographic findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Trauma ; Lower extremity ; Pelvis ; Occult fracture ; Soft tissue injuries ; Fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used in the trauma setting to detect fractures and associated soft tissue injuries of the musculoskeletal system. Magnetic resonance imaging complements plain radiography and CT for evaluating cancellous bone, cartilage and growth-plate injuries, and intra- and extraarticular supporting soft tissue structures. This review outlines typical applications and imaging consideration for injuries of the pelvis and lower extremity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Spectroscopy ; Fasting period ; Liver ; Phosphorus-31-MR ; Phosphorus metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different fasting periods on the in vivo P-31-MR spectroscopy of the healthy liver and patients with liver metastases. Image-guided localized P-31-MRS was performed in 24 patients with liver metastases and in 20 healthy volunteers. The spectra were obtained with a whole body scanner operating at 1.5 T using a surface coil. The P-31-MRS was performed after a fasting period of 3–5 h (group 1) and after overnight fasting (group 2). The PME/β-NTP, PDE/β-NTP and Pi/β-NTP were calculated from P-31-MR spectra and were compared in relation to the nutrition status of the volunteers and patients. The PME/β-NTP and PDE/β-NTP were significantly increased in spectra of patients with metastases. There were no significant changes in the ratios of phosphorus metabolites in healthy liver tissue or in liver metastases after a fasting period of 3–5 h as compared with overnight fasting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Wegener's granulomatosis ; Orbit ; Diseases ; Paranasal sinuses ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic MRI criteria in Wegener's granulomatosis of the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses and orbits. Between March 1991 and January 1996, 62 patients with biopsy-proven Wegener's granulomatosis were studied with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequences. In 32 patients coronal postcontrast T1-weighted images were obtained. Mucosal thickening of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses was demonstrated as high-intensity lesions on T2-weighted SE sequences in 57 patients (92 %). Of this group, inflammatory granulomatous tissue was found on biopsy in 30 patients (48 %) in the nasal cavity and in 4 patients (6 %) in the paranasal sinuses. In 23 patients (37 %) biopsy revealed unspecific inflammatory changes without evidence of granulomatous tissue. In 14 patients (23 %) granulomas were depicted as low-signal intensity lesions on T1- and T2-weighted SE sequences in the paranasal sinuses and orbits. In 5 patients (8 %) osseous destruction was found. After gadolinium injection, 12 of 14 granulomas showed inhomogeneous signal enhancement. In two granulomas no enhancement was found. The MRI technique is helpful in the diagnosis of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. In the initial inflammatory process of Wegener's granulomatosis, it is not possible to differentiate between mucosal inflammation and granulomatous tissue in MRI. In the later stage of granulomatous transformation, granulomas can be depicted as low-signal-intensity lesions. Therefore, Wegener's granulomatosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with low-signal-intensity lesions on T1- and T2-weighted SE sequences of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and orbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 606-608 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome in which associated radiographic findings of the peripheral skeletal system are uncommon. We report a follow-up study of a patient with mainly unilateral changes of the skeletal system involving the thorax and the right arm and leg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Spiral CT ; Calcaneal fracture ; Preoperative planning ; 3D reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was the evaluation of spiral-CT examinations in preoperative planning of calcaneal fractures supported by 3D reconstructions after electronic disarticulation. We examined 45 patients with 47 calcaneal fractures with diagnostic spiral-CT examinations in a prospective study. In addition to the conventional axial slices and sagittal reconstructions, 3D reconstructions prior to and after electronic disarticulation were performed and rated by orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists. The following diagnostic criteria were rated: involvement of articular facets, number of fragments and hindfoot deformities. Axial slices were considered to be the gold standard, because not all patients underwent surgical treatment. Axial slices showed involvement of 90 articular facets (100 %). Three-dimensional reformations after electronic disarticulation depicted 82 fractures (82 of 90, 91 %), sagittal reconstructions 63 fractures (63 of 90, 70 %). Three-dimensional reconstructions without electronic disarticulation showed five fractures (5 of 90, 5.5 %). The number of fragments was demonstrated best on sagittal reconstructions (two, three or four fragments); five fragments were diagnosed best on axial slices, and 3D reconstruction without electronic disarticulation showed only a very small number of fragments, due to overlaying bones. Hindfoot deformities (lateralisation, varus deformation, shortening) were demonstrated best on axial slices, except in terms of showing height reduction, which was demonstrated better on sagittal and 3D reconstructions. Three-dimensional reconstructions after electronic disarticulation support a clear understanding of the 3D position of the fragments and of their displacement in comparison with 3D reconstruction without electronic disarticulation, which is essential for an effective surgical reduction. Due to the potential manipulation of surface-oriented 3D reconstructions, regardless of whether electronic disarticulation is used, this imaging technique should not be considered in an isolated framework. Three-dimensional images without electronic disarticulation are superfluous in any case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 508-518 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Computed tomography ; MR imaging ; Kinematic studies ; Patellofemoral joint
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Anterior knee pain is a frequently encountered orthopedic symptom and is often associated with patellofemoral malalignment, which may cause chondromalacia of the patella. The difficulty in determining the patellar position between 0 ° and 30 ° of knee flexion with a conventional axial radiographic examination is well known. The introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the diagnosis of knee joint abnormalities has enabled assessment of the patellar position in this critical range. More recently, emphasis has been placed on dynamic visualization of patellar motion to detect an abnormal tracking pattern. The important influence of the quadriceps muscle on the patellar tracking pattern is well known and has been examined during active knee extension by the use of ultrafast CT, and motion-triggered and ultrafast MR imaging. This article provides an overview of the current status of kinematic CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of patellofemoral alignment, its clinical implications, and future directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1678-1681 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: PTFE ; Femoro-popliteal graft ; Prosthesis aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Since improvement in the material, true aneurysms and pseudoaneurysm formations have become relatively rare complications after femoro-popliteal reconstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. We report a case of late graft rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation within the straight femoral part of a femoro-popliteal bypass with reinforced (PTFE-wrapped) Gore-Tex graft. The rupture occurred 7 years after implantation without history of direct traumatization. Intraoperatively the whole bypass showed macro- and microscopically visible deterioration of the wall with almost complete disruption at the site of the aneurysm. The graft had to be replaced completely. In conclusion, we recommend continuous long-term follow-up of these patients preferably with duplex ultrasonography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Decompression sickness – Lung – Computed tomography – Pathology – Doppler recording
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study was conducted to investigate the early pulmonary effects of acute decompression in an animal model for human decompression sickness by CT and light microscopy. Ten test pigs were exposed to severe decompression stress in a chamber dive. Three pigs were kept at ambient pressure to serve as controls. Decompression stress was monitored by measurement of pulmonary artery pressure and arterial and venous Doppler recording of bubbles of inert gas. Chest CT was performed pre- and postdive and in addition the inflated lungs were examined after resection. Each lung was investigated by light microscopy. Hemodynamic data and bubble recordings reflected severe decompression stress in the ten test pigs. Computed tomography revealed large quantities of ectopic gas, predominantly intravascular, in three of ten pigs. These findings corresponded to maximum bubble counts in the Doppler study. The remaining test pigs showed lower bubble grades and no ectopic gas by CT. Sporadic interstitial edema was demonstrated in all animals – both test and control pigs – by CT of resected lungs and on histologic examination. A severe compression–decompression schedule can liberate large volumes of inert gas which are detectable by CT. Despite this severe decompression stress, which led to venous microembolism, CT and light microscopy did not demonstrate changes in lung structure related to the experimental dive. Increased extravascular lung water found in all animals may be due to infusion therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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