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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved instrument for medium energy electron diffraction and microscopy of surfaces (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1215-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The REMEDIE system for reflection electron microscopy and electron diffraction at intermediate energies (0.5–20 keV) has been rebuilt with an improved imaging resolution of better than 10 nm, a convenient and versatile system for observation diffraction patterns and provision for specimen preparation and treatment suitable for surface structural studies. The current capabilities of the instrument are illustrated by results obtained from cleaved and annealed silicon (111) surfaces with or without thin deposited silver and gold layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1137978
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long range order in 2-D arrays of nanometer-sized Fe islands on CaF2/Si(111) (invited) (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5056-5056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effective magnetic moment was measured as a function of Fe island size during the initial stages of Fe growth on CaF2/Si(111) in an ultrahigh vacuum scanning electron microscope equipped with an in situ SMOKE analysis chamber. This substrate was selected for its wide bandgap, chemical inertness, viability of integration into an Si based technology and the availability of nanopatterning using electron beams for producing devices. Fe grown at room temperature initially nucleates into a monodisperse distribution of 3-D islands at very high nucleation densities (8×1012/cm2). Increased Fe coverages lead to 2-D island growth. A room temperature superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition occurs as a function of Fe island radius. Mean field and Monte Carlo calculations illustrate that three distinct magnetic phases exist as a function of island diameter. Ferromagnetic order is present at room temperature when r(approximately-greater-than)3 nm, superparamagnetism is favored when 2 nm 〈 r 〈3 nm, and a frustrated random antiferromagnetic phase exists when r〈2 nm. Further depositions of Ag on superparamagnetic Fe island arrays produce Ag islands which couple the covered Fe island moments in-plane, implying that the Ag mediates the magnetic exchange between individual Fe islands within an Ag island. Implications for 2-D giant magnetoresistance devices will be discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361570
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field-induced metastable states in ultrathin films of fcc Fe/Cu(100) (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1036-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thickness dependence of both the perpendicular and in-plane magnetization is observed for pseudomorphic ultrathin, fcc Fe epitaxial films grown on room temperature Cu(100). Ferromagnetically ordered 3.5-monolayer-thick films display both in-plane and perpendicular remanence. Perpendicular remanence, lost after a 9.0 kOe static field is applied perpendicular to the film plane, can be restored by either heating or applying large in-plane fields. These field-induced metastable states are interpreted in terms of magnetoelastic effects which modify the exchange and anisotropy constants both perpendicular to and within the film plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110962
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface magnetization processes investigated by the combined surface magneto-optical Kerr effects in Fe/Cu(100) thin films : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5589-5591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surface and ultrathin-film anisotropies in epitaxial fcc Fe thin films grown on room temperature Cu(100) single crystals in an ultrahigh vacuum has been investigated, in situ, by the combined surface magneto-optical Kerr effects (SMOKE). When the applied field is perpendicular to the film surface, rotation processes occurring between out-of-plane and in-plane directions suggest the presence of an induced uniaxial (canted) anisotropy directed out of the plane of the film. This hypothesis is tested with a simple coherent rotation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355650
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations between ultrathin film microstructure and magnetic properties for room temperature epitaxial films of fcc Fe/Cu(100) (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7422-7430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Correlation studies between thin film nanostructure and macroscopic magnetic properties in ultrathin fcc Fe films grown epitaxially on room temperature Cu(100) substrates were performed in situ using an ultrahigh vacuum scanning transmission electron microscope and the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. Nanometer lateral spatial resolution secondary electron microscopy revealed no gross morphological changes in the 2–10 monolayer thickness range. The use of broad-beam Auger electron spectroscopy as an indicator of Cu surface cleanliness is shown to have insufficient sensitivity to detect surface contamination as evidenced by corresponding secondary electron micrographs. Cu(100) surfaces with both (nearly) perfect and imperfect surface structure, and identical Fe coverages, possess nearly identical polar and longitudinal Kerr hysteresis loops. Analysis of reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns confirms that Fe films grown on room temperature Cu(100) remain fcc with the same in-plane lattice constant as the Cu template, for thicknesses up to 10 ML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354990
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrahigh-vacuum scanning electron microscopy characterization of the growth of Fe on CaF2/Si(111): Selective nucleation on electron-beam modified surfaces (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 8105-8112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The initial stages of Fe island growth on electron-beam modified and unmodified CaF2/Si(111) surfaces were studied with a nanometer lateral spatial resolution ultrahigh-vacuum scanning electron microscope. Fe coverages between 7 and 8 ML (deposition rates from 0.12 to 0.19 ML/min, 1 ML=7.7×1014 atom/cm2) grown on room temperature through 300 °C CaF2/Si(111) relaxed and unrelaxed substrates produced a relatively uniform distribution of islands that cover 23% of the substrate with an island density of 7.4×1012 island/cm2. Chemical or defect dominated Fe growth on the CaF2/Si(111) substrates is indicated by the temperature independence of the Fe island distributions for 20 °C≤T≤300 °C. Substrate temperatures near 400 °C yielded mottled surfaces and an altered island distribution relative to those formed during growth at temperatures between 20 and 300 °C. Parallel step edges separated by 25–75 nm were observed for unrelaxed films of CaF2 on Si(111), while relaxed CaF2 films exhibited a saw-toothed step pattern. Fe coverages of aitch-theta=21.4 ML produced a percolation network of connected islands rather than a continuous film covering the CaF2 substrate. The production of nanometer-sized surface structures was evaluated for electron-beam modified growth of Fe on CaF2/Si(111) substrates. Pregrowth (100 keV, 8.2–140 pA) electron irradiation doses as low as 1.14 C/cm2 altered the Fe film morphology on the selectively irradiated regions. Areas dosed with electron irradiation prior to Fe growth were more stable to the damaging effects of post-growth electron irradiation as compared to regions that had not been exposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357859
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-organized mesoscopic magnetic structures (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 5662-5669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three types of mesoscopic magnetic microstructure have been formed using self-organization: linear arrays of nanometer diameter islands, nanometer width lines, and undulating, continuous films. These structures were produced by annealing NaCl (110) and (111) surfaces in situ to produce patterned templates with 10–100 nm periodicity. Growth parameters such as groove spacing, substrate temperature and total deposit thickness can be varied in order to define specific mesoscopic magnetic structures. The microstructural evolution during growth is discussed in the context of nucleation and coalescence kinetics. The resulting magnetic properties are described, and their connection to the underlying microstructure elucidated. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366428
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The initial phases of epitaxy of fcc Fe/Cu(100): Supersurface and subsurface island formation : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5592-5594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanometer transverse resolved real space observations of the initial phases of room-temperature heteroepitaxy of fcc Fe/Cu(100) indicate that vertical atomic site exchange occurs locally. The formation of two-dimensional supersurface and subsurface islands has been characterized by secondary and Auger electron imaging. The persistence of vertical site exchange during the deposition of the first two monolayers is not inconsistent with the lack of observed ferromagnetism for the room-temperature grown fcc Fe/Cu(100) at these coverages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355651
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reliable calibration method based on ion current measurement for an electron beam transition metal deposition source (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2647-2650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A calibration scheme based on ion-current measurement has been implemented for an electron-beam transition metal deposition source. Repeatable and practical means of positioning the source (tip), measuring the ion current, and determining the flux rate are given. Intrinsic variations in the structural parameters of the source and thermal effects which can modify the observed deposition rate were examined and compensated for. A stable regime where ion-beam current is directly proportional (±5%) to the growth rate has been determined. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148993
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low cost preamplifier for fast pulses from microchannel plates (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4000-4001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple, low cost 3 GHz bandwidth preamplifier suitable for pulse-counting applications utilizing chevron microchannel plate (MCP) detectors has been built with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifiers in multiple stages. Its bandwidth matches the rise time of MCP output pulses (〈300 ps), thereby maintaining leading edge timing information. The use of MMICs made this device inexpensive and easy to construct. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145409
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