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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 5124-5125 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 204 (1997), S. 365-368 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Deep-freezing ; HPLC ; Organic acids ; Green beans ; Padrón peppers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  HPLC (using a C18 column and water at pH 2.2 as the mobile phase) was used to monitor the quantities of oxalic acid (UV detection at 245 nm) and quinic, malic, citric and fumaric acids (UV detection at 215 nm) of deep-frozen (−22 °C) green beans and Padrón peppers over 12 months. Malic, oxalic and citric acid contents decreased considerably in the first month of frozen storage, then oscillated before returning to those one-month levels after 12 months. The amount of fumaric acid increased, most notably in the peppers. Quinic acid was only detected in the peppers; its content also increased. Freezing the vegetables in vacuum-sealed bags did not moderate these changes. Blanching the beans decreased the quantities of all the acids in the vegetable; then, in most cases, values varied similarly to those of the unblanched beans (notably, the citric acid content of the blanched beans doubled during the first 6–8 months of frozen storage, then fell sharply to roughly its initial, post-blanching level). Overall, blanching and then freezing green beans led to greater losses of their organic acids compared to freezing alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 205 (1997), S. 148-152 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Pigment compounds ; Green beans ; Padrón peppers ; Frozen storage ; Blanching ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The amounts of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and lutein in green beans, blanched green beans and Padrón peppers, all frozen at −22 °C, were monitored over 12 months by reverse-phase, gradient HPLC (C18 column, visible detection). In unblanched beans, these amounts of the pigments decreased considerably during month 1, but were generally stable during the next 11 months (β-carotene content decreased further in month 2 before stabilizing). Similar results were obtained for blanched beans, but decreases were offset by increases due to blanching (carotenoids) and lipoxygenase deactivation (β-carotene), or enhanced by blanching-induced decreases (chlorophylls). In contrast, the amounts of pigments in frozen Padrón peppers fluctuated around more or less constant values over the 12 months. Freezing in bags sealed under vacuum lead to moderate decreases in chlorophyll a in Padrón peppers and in β-carotene in blanched green beans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions 1) Chest inflation impedance (Wi) was higher in patients with CPE. 2) Patients with CPE and higher Wi had better prognostic. 3) Patients with CPE who died had higher incidence of shock (83% vs 23%) and lower Wi; the cause of respiratory failure in these patients was probably due to pulmonary edema and perhaps to some component of muscular respiratory fatigue because of shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Catclaw ; Carbon dioxide production ; Inorganic N dynamics ; Soil microbial population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In the central highlands of Mexico, heavily eroded soils are often colonized by catclaw (Mimosa buincifiera): an N2-fixing shrub. An experiment was carried out to investigate how this shrub affected characteristics of the soil and its biological functioning. Soil was sampled from outside and under the canopy of catclaw at three sites characterized by different degrees of erosion and an increase in plant density. The soil microbial biomass C, total amounts of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and free-living N2-fixing micro-organisms were measured, while production of CO2 and dynamics of nitrate (NO3 –), nitrite (NO2 –) and ammonium (NH4 +) were monitored in an aerobic incubation at 22±1  °C for 35 days. The C content was 1.6 times greater in the area with the largest density of plants and the least erosion (RECUP) compared with the site with the lowest density and greatest erosion (DEGR), while it was 1.2 times greater under the canopy of the catclaw than outside it (average of the three sites). The incorporation of N into the soil organic matter was greater under the canopy of the catclaw than outside it as the C:N ratio was on average 8.4 and 9. 1, respectively. The microbial biomass C, as a percentage of soil organic matter, was 1.5 times greater in the RECUP than in the DEGR site. Greatest total number of colony-forming bacteria and fungi (mean of organisms found under and outside the canopy) were found in the RECUP treatment and lowest in the DEGR treatment. Free-living N2-fixing organisms and actinomycetes showed opposite trends. Greater total numbers of colony-forming bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and free-living N2-fixing organisms (mean of the three treatments) were found under the canopy of catclaw than outside of it, Production of CO2 was 1.8 times greater in the RECUP than in the DEGR and 1.6 times greater under the canopy of catclaw than outside. Production of NO3 – was 1.3 times greater in the RECUP than in the DEGR and 3.5 times greater under the canopy of catclaw than outside. There was no significant effect of location or canopy on NO2 – and NH4 + concentrations. It is concluded that the natural vegetation of catclaw increased microbial biomass and soil organic matter content under, but also outside its canopy, and preserved N better, releasing greater amounts of inorganic N upon mineralization. Catclaw can serve as a first colonizer of heavily eroded soil and be replaced by other vegetation, natural or crops, when fertility is restored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Mesquite ; Carbon dioxide production ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Microbial biomass carbon ; Nitrous oxide production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In the central highlands of Mexico, the vegetation is dominated by mesquite (Prosopis spp.), a leguminous tree or shrub. An experiment was carried out to investigate how cultivating the land and the disappearance of the natural ecosystem affected the biological functioning of the soil. Soil was sampled from under the canopy of isolated (MESQ treatment) and densely growing mesquite trees (DENS treatment), from the surrounding soil not covered by the canopies of the trees (BARE treatment) and from adjacent land cultivated with maize (ARABLE treatment). Soil was characterized and then incubated aerobically for 39 days at 22±1  °C and CO2, N2O production, microbial biomass C and inorganic N concentrations were monitored. The organic C content was 2.3 times and 1.1 times greater in the MESQ and the BARE treatments, respectively, than in the ARABLE treatment, while microbial biomass C was 3.5 times and 1.3 times greater. The microbial biomass activity as expressed by CO2 production was 5.9 times and 3.9 times greater in the MESQ and the BARE treatments, respectively, than in the ARABLE treatment, while N mineralization, as witnessed by the increase in NO3 – concentrations, was 3.4 times and 1.7 times greater. No significant amounts of N2O were produced in any of the treatments. It was found that cultivating land characterized by the presence of mesquite changed its characteristics profoundly, and even soil not covered by tree canopies had higher microbial biomass C, and C and N mineralization than soil cultivated with maize and beans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 100 (1994), S. 239-249 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neostriatum ; In vitro brain slices Inward rectification ; Subthreshold ion conductances Firing pattern ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intracellular recordings from slice preparations were used to assess the subthreshold electrophysiological behavior of rat neostriatal projection neurons. Both current steps and ramp currents were used to estimate the current-voltage relationship (I–V plot). Inward rectification in the subthreshold range was a characteristic of most neurons. The amount of rectification varied greatly, and it was complex: membrane voltage trajectories in response to ramps were made up by almost piecewise changes in the rate of voltage rise, suggesting that multiple conductances contribute to the subthreshold range. Inward current blockers such as tetrodotoxin (TTX) or Cd2+ decreased inward rectification, whereas outward current blockers such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) increased inward rectification. However, most inward rectification was due to TEA- and Cs+-sensitive conductances and not to TTX- or Cd2+-sensitive conductances. Cs+-sensitive conductances predominated at more negative membrane potentials, whereas 4-AP-sensitive conductances predominated at just ±10 mV below the firing threshold. In spite of a very slow activation, there was evidence for transient outward currents modulating the response, i.e., 4-AP-sensitivity, and voltage-sensitivity for firing frequency and threshold. TEA-sensitive conductances also contributed toward fixing the firing threshold. These results imply the contribution of various ion conductances on the shaping of the characteristic physiological firing recorded in vivo. Modulation of these responses by transmitters or peptides may help to understand neural processing in the neostriatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 120 (1998), S. 70-84 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Neostriatum ; Cable properties ; Dye coupling ; Brain slices ; Potassium blockers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Voltage recordings from neostriatal projection neurons were obtained using in vitro intracellular techniques before and during K+-conductance blockade. Neurons were stained with the biocytin technique. Somatic surface area (A S) was determined by both whole-cell recordings in isolated somata and by measuring stained somata recorded in slices. Dendritic measurements were done in reconstructed neurons. Average determinations of dendritic (A D) and neuronal (A N) surface areas coincided with previously reported anatomical data. Thus: A S≈ 6.5 × 10–6 cm2; A D≈ 1.9 × 10–4 cm2; A N≈A D + A S≈ 2 × 10–4 cm2; A D/A S≈ 30. Measurements were done before and after superfusion with K+-conductance blockers (K+-blockers). Cells whose neuronal morphology was not obviously distorted by K+-blockade were chosen for the present study. Electrotonic transients were matched to a somatic shunt equivalent cylinder model adjusted with the generalized correction factor (F dga) that constrains the parameters for neuronal anatomy. Neuronal input resistance (R N; mean ± SEM) increased when it was corrected for somatic shunt, from 49 ± 2 MΩ (n = 80) to 179 ± 7 MΩ (n = 32). A difference was also obtained between the slowest time constant, τ0 = 16 ± 0.9 ms (n = 49), and the dendritic membrane time constant, τmD = 33 ± 1.6 ms (n = 36). When these electrophysiological measurements were used to calculate A N, the value obtained was similar to the anatomical measurements. Combining anatomical and electrophysiological data, somatic and dendritic input resistances were determined: R D = 182 ± 7 MΩ; R S (with shunt) = 74 ± 4 MΩ (n = 32). The generalized correction factor, F dga = 0.91 ± 0.007 (n = 10), implied a short effective electrotonic length for dendrites: L D = 0.46 ± 0.014 (n = 32). Saturating concentrations of the K+-blockers tetraethylammonium, Cs+, and Ba2+ increased R N and induced charging curves well fitted by single exponential functions in 56% of neostriatal neurons. Ba2+ greatly decreased the somatic shunt (n = 5): (R N = 216 ± 21 MΩ, τ0 = 46 ± 2 ms, R D = 239 ± 25 MΩ, and R S = 3.2 ± 0.5 GΩ), rendering values similar to those obtained with whole-cell recordings (e.g., R N≈ 198 MΩ, RS≈ 2.62 GΩ) (n = 52). Cs+ (n = 5) had less effect on the somatic shunt (R N = 115 ± 19 MΩ, τ0 = 49 ± 13 ms, R S = 161 ± 8 MΩ), although dendritic conductance was equally blocked (R D = 261 ± 16 MΩ). The Cs+-sensitive conductance exhibited inward rectifying properties not displayed by the Ba2+-sensitive conductance, suggesting that Cs+ preferentially acted upon inward rectifier conductances. In contrast, Ba2+ significantly acted upon linear conductances making up the somatic shunt. This suggests a differential action of different K+-blockers on the somato-dendritic membrane, implying a differential distribution of membrane conductances. Another action of K+-blockers, in about 40% of the cells, was to induce dye and probably electrical coupling between neighboring neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 141-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bromocriptine ; hypertension ; plasma prolactin ; double-blind study ; placebo ; plasma noradrenaline ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of bromocriptine in the treatment of hypertension was assessed in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study preceded by a dose titration phase. A diuretic and/or a beta-blocker were administered concomitantly in constant dosage to 11 of the 20 patients who received bromocriptine. A wide range of doses of bromocriptine was tolerated. Side-effects of vomiting and postural hypertension did not occur, possibly due to the gradual increase in the administered doses. Plasma prolactin was not raised in this population of hypertensives. In the dose titration phase (n=20), a small fall in diastolic but not in systolic blood pressure occurred with bromocriptine, but only with the patient standing and after exercise. In the double-blind phase (n=9), there was no significant difference in blood pressure between the bromocriptine and placebo treatments. It is concluded that bromocriptine was not effective in lowering blood pressure in the present patients with essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Journal of metastable and nanocrystalline materials Vol. 15-16 (Apr. 2003), p. 501-506 
    ISSN: 1422-6375
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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