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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 19 (1986), S. 280-281 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: · schnellere und optimierte Patientenversorgung · besserer Informationsfluß in der Rettungskette · Qualitätssteigerung und -kontrolle der Behandlung · Potentiale zur Kostenreduktion Die RESCU'97 (Regensburg Emergency Services Centre at the University) bot ein Informations- und Diskussionsforum, das Grundlagen für bevorstehende Weichenstellungen liefert. Meinungsbildner schilderten den derzeitigen Stand und beleuchteten Perspektiven, die morgen schon Standard sein könnten. Die Frage, wieviel High-Tech wir uns zu welchem Preis leisten können, wurde von Fachleuten aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Wirtschaft diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 972-980 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Akutes Lungenversagen ; Ventilator-assoziierte Lungenschädigung ; Hochfrequenzoszillationsventilation ; Übersicht ; Keywords Acute lung injury ; Ventilator-associated lung injury ; High frequency oscillatory ventilation ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Mechanical ventilation is the mainstay of therapy for acute lung injury, a disease with remainingly high morbidity and mortality. As a result of an improved understanding that mechanical ventilation itself can contribute to and aggravate the disease process, the term ventilator-assoicated lung injury (VALI) has been introduced. Main risk factor for VALI are (1) alveolar overdistention caused by excessivly high tidal volumes and/or inspiratory pressures (volu-/barotrauma), as well as (2) cyclic alveolar collapse promoted by insufficient endexpiratory pressure. So called “lung-protective ventilatory strategies” aim at minimizing these risk factors by the use of small tidal volumes and high PEEP levels. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) can be regarded as an ultimate form of this approach, combining minimal pressure changes with a high continuous distending pressure (CDP). That CDP is generated using high fresh gas flows (“Super-CPAP”), while a piston pump incorporated into the system creates an oscillatory flow at frequencies ranging from 3–7 Hz. An inital lung volume recruitment manoeuvre is mandatory for the optimal use of HFOV. Whereas for many years HFOV is a well established therapy for the infant respiratory distress syndrome, experience in adults is still rare. First results, however, look promising, and HFOV might as well turn out as a valuable treatment modalitiy for ARDS.
    Notes: Zusamenfassung Mechanische Beatmung stellt nach wie vor die grundlegende Intervention in der Therapie des akuten Lungenversagens dar. Trotz einer Reihe von neueren Erkenntnissen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten ist die Morbidität und Mortalität dieses Krankheitsbilds nach wie vor hoch. Die Erkenntnis, dass die Beatmung selbst den Krankheitsverlauf beeinflussen und agravieren kann, führte zur Beschreibung der Ventilator-assoziierten Lungenschädigung. Als Hauptrisikofaktoren wurden dabei (1) die alveoläre Überdehnung durch zu hohe Beatmungsvolumina und/oder -drücke (Volu-/Barotrauma) und (2) der zyklische Alveolarkollaps durch unzureichenden endexspiratorischen Druck (Derecruitment) identifiziert. Sogenannte “lung protective ventilatory strategies” versuchen, diese Faktoren durch Anwendung kleiner Tidalvolumina und hoher PEEP-Niveaus zu minimieren. Eine “Maximalvariante” dieser Beatmungsform stellt die Hochfrequenzoszillationsventilation (HFOV) dar, bei der minimale Druckschwankungen mit einem gleichbleibend hohen Atemwegmitteldruck kombiniert werden. Bei diesem Verfahren wird ein hoher kontinuierlicher alveolärer Distentionsdruck mit Hilfe eines hohen Gasflusses (“Super-CPAP”) aufgebaut. Ein in das System integrierter Oszillatorkolben versetzt den Gasfluss in oszillierende Schwingungen mit einer Frequenz von 3–7 Hertz und ermöglicht damit die Ventilation. Voraussetzung für eine optimale Anwendung der HFOV ist ein sorgfältiges, initiales Recruitment der Lunge. Während die HFOV in der Neonatologie seit Jahren ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung des infant respiratory distress syndrome darstellt, ist ein geeignetes Gerät für den Einsatz beim Erwachsenen erst seit wenigen Jahren verfügbar. Erste Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass sich die HFOV durchaus zum Bestandteil einer optimierten Therapie des ARDS entwickeln könnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 560-564 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Acute mastoiditis ; Subperiosteal abscess ; Central nervous system ; Microbiology ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The charts of 73 children (31 girls, 42 boys) aged 4 months to 14 years (mean 4.5 years) with acute mastoiditis managed during a 16-year period were reviewed. Of the patients 36% were less than 24 months old. Retro-auricular swelling was described in 63 of the 73 children, tenderness in 59, erythema in 58, and protrusion of the auricle in 45. A pathological tympanic membrane was noted in 33% of the patients and fever in only 29%. Apart from local inflammation, the most frequent complaints and symptoms were otalgia (n=42), recent upper respiratory tract infections (n=22), and fever alone (n=22). A subperiosteal abscess was found in 36 patients, and CNS involvement in 5. Nearly half of the patients (48%) were on antibiotic therapy at admission. The isolation rates in bacterial cultures from subperiosteal aspirates (81%) and from mastoid mucosa (68%) were considerably higher than from blood cultures (14%) and were not influenced by previously administered antibiotics. Pneumococci (9/32) andStaphylococcus epidermidis (6/32) were the agents most often isolated. The incidence of the bacteria isolated from patients pre-treated with antibiotics differed from the incidence in patients not previously treated. In 24 patients (33%) the lesion healed with antibiotic therapy without mastoid surgery. Myringotomy and the insertion of a ventilation tube is indicated initially, if acute otitis media with effusion is found. In the absence of a subperiosteal abscess and of CNS involvement, a 48-hour trial of intravenous antibiotic therapy, directed also against staphylococci, is justified before mastoid surgery is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 38 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Inversion of multicomponent seismic data can be subdivided in three main processes: (1) Surface-related preprocessing (decomposition of the multicomponent data into ‘primary’ P-and S-wave responses). (2) Prestack migration of the primary P- and S-wave responses, yielding the (angle-dependent) P-P, P-S, S-P and S-S reflectivity of the subsurface. (3) Target-related post-processing (transformation of the reflectivity into the rock and pore parameters in the target). This paper deals with the theoretical aspects of surface-related preprocessing.In a multicomponent seismic data set the P- and S-wave responses of the subsurface are distorted by two main causes: (1) The seismic vibrators always radiate a mixture of P- and S-waves into the subsurface. Similarly, the geophones always measure a mixture of P- and S-waves. (2) The free surface reflects any upgoing wave fully back into the subsurface. This gives rise to strong multiple reflections, including conversions.Therefore, surface-related preprocessing consists of two steps: (1)Decomposition of the multicomponent data (pseudo P- and S-wave responses) into true P- and S-wave responses. In practice this procedure involves (a) decomposition per common shot record of the particle velocity vector into scalar upgoing P- and S-waves, followed by (b) decomposition per common receiver record of the traction vector into scalar downgoing P- and S-waves. (2) Elimination of the surface-related multiple reflections and conversions. In this procedure the free surface is replaced by a reflection-free surface. The effect is that we obtain ‘primary’ P-and S-wave responses, that contain internal multiples only.An interesting aspect of the procedure is that no knowledge of the subsurface is required. In fact, the subsurface may have any degree of complexity. Both the decomposition step and the multiple elimination step are fully determined by the medium parameters at the free surface only. After surface-related preprocessing, the scalar P- and S-wave responses can be further processed independently by existing scalar algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 609-623 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report experimental and theoretical investigations of the properties of thermionic diodes of novel design. The construction of long diodes (up to 30 cm) with indirectly heated cathodes, electrostatically shielded interaction volume, and large solid angle for ion collection is presented in detail. These diodes were designed with a high degree of symmetry in order to minimize both electric and magnetic fields in the interaction region. They are especially suited for ultraweak laser-induced transitions. We also present the first quantitative theory of the diode's current versus voltage characteristic; it is shown to agree very well with the experimental results. From the calculated potential distributions and the measured ion trapping times we are able to estimate the diode gain. The (chopping) frequency dependence of the diode gain is described quite accurately by a simple schematizing model. We used two distinct methods to determine the diode gain experimentally and find an agreement with our estimate within a factor of 2. The behavior of the diode in axial magnetic fields was also investigated. The gross features can readily be explained on the basis of an extension of the theory. We have discovered an additional "fine structure'' that is as yet not understood, but can however be exploited to measure magnetic fields down to ≈1 mGauss within the diode proper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Polymerase chain reaction ; Toxin gene ; Vibrio cholerae
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 6 (1972), S. 136-142 
    ISSN: 0022-2364
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 6 (1965), S. 2581-2587 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 31 (1998), S. 398-409 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Es gibt 3 Methoden, die entsprechend der Begriffsdefinition der WHO als Methoden der natürlichen Familienplanung bezeichnet werden können: die Temperaturmethode, die Zervikalschleimmethode und die symptothermale Methode. Die Kalendermethode nach Knaus-Ogino gehört im strengen Sinne nicht dazu, da sie die fruchtbare Zeit berechnet und nicht durch Selbstbeobachtung im aktuellen Zyklus bestimmt. Im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit für die Anwenderin steht die symptothermale Methode an erster Stelle. Diese Methode wurde von der Arbeitsgruppe NFP – durch wissenschaftliche prospektive Untersuchungen begleitet – weiterentwickelt, wobei das Prinzip der doppelten Kontrolle eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Heute können wir eine Methode anbieten, die eine Gebrauchssicherheit von 2,2 Pearl-Index und eine Methodensicherheit von 0,3 Pearl-Index (kein Verkehr in der durch die Methode definierten fruchtbaren Phase) aufweist. Überprüfte Lehrmaterialien liegen vor, ein Beraternetz, auf das jeder Arzt zurückgreifen kann, existiert in Deutschland. Als anwenderabhängige Familienplanungsmethode hängt die Sicherheit der Verhütung auch vom Sexualverhalten ab: die Anwender können ein kontrolliertes Risiko eingehen. Durch die sog. „Neuen Technologien“ in der NFP werden die Beobachtungen der Frauen durch Geräte ersetzt, die in der Lage sind, direkte oder indirekte Veränderungen in Körperflüssigkeiten oder an der Körperoberfläche zu messen, die während Follikelreifung, der Ovulation oder postovulatorisch ablaufen. Ausreichend prospektiv untersucht ist heute nur das Hormonmeßsystem im Urin. Seine Anwendersicherheit liegt im mittleren Bereich. Die Sicherheit der Basaltemperaturcomputer sollte in prospektiven Gebrauchssicherheitsstudien geprüft werden. Originäre NFP und neue Technologien stehen nicht in Konkurrenz, sondern ergänzen sich, da die Anwenderprofile für beide unterschiedlich sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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