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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spin-dependent scattering in the nonmagnetic layers of annealed Co/Cu multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6250-6252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Annealing a multilayer is expected to promote diffusion at the interfaces. We have found that the interface roughness and giant magnetoresistance of Co/Cu (111) multilayers, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates, remain unchanged during anneals of up to 320 °C despite the zero-field resistivity having doubled. We explain this large increase in resistivity as due to the formation of an alloy between the top Cu layer of the multilayer and the Au protective cap. We propose that scattering in the AuCu alloy is spin dependent. We discuss this idea in the light of mean free path effects and the density of states of the entire sample. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362021
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of impurity scattering in Co/Cu (111) M.B.E. multilayers (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5816-5816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The origin of spin-dependent scattering (sds) within magnetic/nonmagnetic systems is a controversial issue which has attracted much attention in recent years. There is now a consensus of opinion that sds is necessary for the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and most work suggests that this scattering occurs at the interface, but the details have yet to be discovered. Numerous studies have been performed placing impurities within the multilayer and in nearly all cases a reduction in MR is observed. The only exceptions to this are the cases where magnetic impurities are used. We have observed the first enhancement of MR for the Co/Cu system using nonmagnetic impurities. In the case of a simple trilayer system up to an eightfold increase in MR is observed while for a multilayer system up to 40% increase is recorded. Impurities have been introduced during sample growth in a controlled manner using a shutter arrangement such that a direct comparison of impurity-doped and an undoped sample can be made. In previous impurity studies changes in coupling have given rise to confusing results. In order to avoid this we have used relatively thick Cu spacer layers and very small levels of impurities so that no magnetic coupling changes are induced by doping. All samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and in situ RHEED where we found no evidence of structural changes induced by the Au impurities. We discuss these results in the light of current theories of spin-dependent scattering. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362196
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    59Co nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the effect of annealing molecular beam epitaxy grown Co/Cu(111) multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5119-5121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: 59Co NMR, magnetotransport and grazing incidence x-ray scattering studies have been undertaken on a series of Co/Cu(111) multilayers, grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and subsequently annealed. Magnetotransport measurements showed that the magnetoresistance (Δρ/ρ) decreased only slightly as the annealing temperature was increased, but both the resistivity ρ and the change in resistivity Δρ doubled. NMR measurements showed that the strain in the interior of the Co layers relaxed slightly as a result of annealing while the strain at the interfaces remained constant. A small increase in the ratio of the area under the main NMR line to the area under the interface line, together with a reduction of interface line area, suggests a slight deterioration in the quality of the interfaces as a result of annealing. These observations are consistent with the model that MBE grown multilayers require good quality interfaces for large magnetoresistance (MR). Data from x-ray measurements showed that the increase in resistivity could be explained as a result of alloying between the top Cu layer of the multilayer and the Au capping layer. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361321
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Giant magnetoresistance in melt-spun Cu87Co13 : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6546-6547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Results for the temperature and magnetic-field dependence of melt-spun Cu87Co13 are presented and discussed. The magnetoresistance of the as-spun sample exhibits superparamagnetic behavior with a magnetoresistance of 18% at 0.4 K and in a field of 80 kOe. The magnetic-field dependence of the magnetoresistance is approximately proportional to the Langevin function. The microstructure of the sample was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and it appears that the giant magnetoresistance is due to the presence of small Co precipitates with an approximate mean diameter of 12 A(ring) and a mean separation of 35 A(ring).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356943
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetoresistance of interleaved and separated Co/Cu multilayers in the CPP mode (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4834-4836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have measured the field dependence of the magnetoresistance MR(H) in the CPP mode for two types of magnetic multilayers that differ only in the ordering of the magnetic layers: [Co (10 Å)/Cu/Co (60 Å)/Cu]N and [Co (10 Å)/Cu]N [Co (60 Å)/Cu]N, with the Cu layers always being 200 Å. The series resistor model predicts that in the CPP mode, MR(H) is independent of the ordering of the layers. Nevertheless, the MR(H) curves measured were found to be completely different for the two cases. We suggest that the reason for this difference is that the electron mean free path is long enough that the potential that scatters the electrons is due to pairs of neighboring magnetic layers, which differ for the two types of magnetic multilayers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373174
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Finite-size effects in giant magnetoresistance multilayers (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7116-7117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: It is of interest to determine the characteristic length scale that determines giant magnetoresistance (GMR). In order to understand this behavior, GMR multilayers of Co/Ru and Co/Cu have been studied at a temperature of 4.2 K. The total thickness of Co/Ru multilayers has been varied from 96 to 1654 Å and Co/Cu from 77 to 2712 Å by increasing the number of bilayers (N). It has been observed that GMR increases with the number of bilayers and more than 20 bilayers for Co/Ru and 50 for Co/Cu are needed to reach the saturation value. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357111
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Canted exchange bias in antiparallel biased spin valves (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5058-5060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Conventional spin valves consist of two magnetic layers, one of which is pinned by exchange bias to act as a reference magnetic layer in giant magnetoresistance measurements. Antiparallel biased spin valves feature a Co/Ru/Co trilayer in place of this pinned layer, where the Co layers are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled. This leads to hugely enhanced pinning since an applied field will exert opposite torques on the Co layer moments. Spin valves are typically deposited in a magnetic field to define magnetic anisotropies, and the development of magnetic structure in the pinned AF couple is not trivial under these conditions. The resultant moment of the AF couple is found to slowly rotate as the final Co layer is deposited. This results in canted pinning once the exchange bias layer is added. There appears to be some magnetic friction as the Co layers rotate during growth. The rotation means that the pinning direction can take any angle with respect to the growth field, leading to positive or negative (or even orthogonal) exchange bias. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373247
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of the density of states in the giant magnetoresistance of magnetic multilayers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4864-4866 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The role of the density of states in the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of ferromagnet 1 (FM1)/nonmagnetic (NM=Cu)/ferromagnet 1 (FM1) sandwiches has been investigated by inserting a thin layer of the second ferromagnetic material (FM2=Co) at the FM1/Cu interfaces. As the thickness of the inserted layer increases, the GMR increases to a value seen for purely Co/Cu/Co sandwiches. By using differing FM1 materials [e.g., Py (permalloy (Ni80Fe20), Ni, Fe] we observe the exponential increase in GMR as more Co is inserted to be dependent on the FM1 material behind it. This is explained by realizing that although the GMR is dominated by the scattering caused by defects like those at the FM2 material/Cu interface, the nature of the scattering depends on the density of states of the FM1 material. This result is discussed in terms of advanced theories on the origin of the GMR in magnetic multilayers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373184
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Giant magnetothermopower and giant magnetoresistance in molecular beam epitaxy grown Co/Cu(111) superlattices : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5521-5523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report the observation of a giant magnetothermopower (GMT), giant magnetoresistance (GMR), and on magnetization measurements in Co/Cu[111] superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The maximum value of the GMT (at room temperature) was 14% for a Cu thickness of 9 A(ring) and the maximum GMR (at 4.2 K) was −26% at 7 A(ring) of Cu. Oscillations in the remnant magnetization and the saturation field as a function of Cu thickness with a period of about 10 A(ring) were observed. However, there were no oscillations in the GMT or the GMR. The maximum values of both the GMT and GMR are associated with saturation fields in excess of 40 kOe and with small remnant magnetizations. These results are consistent with the presence of antiferromagnetic coupling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353689
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Systematic study of molecular beam epitaxy growth and magnetic properties of Fe on Au(111) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3908-3910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have grown a series of Fe samples on Au(111) by molecular beam epitaxy. Fe was grown on Au at 30 °C and shows clear reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) oscillations up to 8 monolayers, suggesting layer-by-layer growth on Au. A combined study of RHEED, medium energy ion scattering, and x-ray diffraction scans has strongly indicated that Fe initially grew as fcc(111) on Au(111) below the thickness of 3 monolayer and for the subsequent growth the Fe bcc(110) structure begins to form. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurement has shown that the magnetization easy axis lies in the plane of the film for the thickness range from 3 to 20 Å and there is a perpendicular anisotropy when the thickness of Fe is about one monolayer. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365067
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