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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The protein journal 8 (1989), S. 345-346 
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Bacterio-opsin ; Expression ; Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bop gene codes for the membrane protein bacterio-opsin (BO), which on binding all-trans-retinal, constitutes the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR) in the archaebacterium Halobacterium salinarium The designation H. salinarium instead of the former designation H. halobium is used throughout this paper following the classification of Tindall (1992) . This gene was cloned in a yeast multi-copy vector and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the constitutive ADH1 promoter. Both the authentic gene and a modified form lacking the precursor sequence were expressed in yeast. Both proteins are incorporated into the membrane in S. cerevisiae. The presequence is thus not required for membrane targeting and insertion of the archaebacterial protein in budding yeast, or in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, as has been shown previously. However, in contrast to S. pombe transformants, which take on a reddish colour when all-trans-retinal is added to the culture medium as a result of the in vivo regeneration of the pigment, S. cerevisiae cells expressing BO do not take on a red colour. The precursor of BO is processed to a protein identical in size to the mature BO found in the purple membrane of Halobacterium. The efficiency of processing in S. cerevisiae is dependent on growth phase, as well as on the composition of the medium and on the strain used. The efficiency of processing of BR is reduced in S. pombe and in a retinal-deficient strain of H. salinarium, when retinal is present in the medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 245 (1997), S. 165-181 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The stabilized free-radical precipitation polymerization of the cationic monomer N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylbenzylammonium chloride (MADAMBQ) in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride was studied by reaction calorimetry. Poly(ethylene oxide) was used as stabilizer. The rate of polymerization reaches its maximum immediately after initiation and remains nearly constant up to 50 % conversion followed by a decrease that could be described by a first order kinetics. The particles formed are approximately 1 to 30 μm in diameter and are stable over a period of several months.A model based on the theory of homogeneous particle nucleation is suggested to describe the kinetic course of polymerization, taking into account the rate of polymerization in both phases. With the assumption that the concentration of monomer in the phases is determined by a Nernst distribution law, the kinetics of the early stage of polymerization can be modelled reasonably well.The solution polymerization and the unstabilized precipitation polymerization of MADAMBQ was also studied.
    Notes: Die Kinetik der stabilisierten Fällungspolymerisation des kationischen Monomeren N-(2-Methacryloyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylbenzylammoniumchlorid (MADAMBQ) in wäßrigen Natriumchlorid-Lösungen wurde mittels Reaktionskalorimetrie untersucht. Polyethylenoxid höherer Molmasse wurde als Stabilisator eingesetzt. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist über einen größeren Umsatzbereich nahezu konstant und fällt anschließend mit dem Umsatz annähernd linear ab. Die Teilchengrößenverteilung der gebildeten Dispersion ist bimodal mit Teilchen von etwa 1 bis 30 μm Durchmesser.Zur Beschreibung des Geschwindigkeitsverlaufs der Fällungspolymerisation wird ein Modell vorgeschlagen, das die Polymerisation in der Wasser- sowie in der Polymerphase berücksichtigt. Die Teilchenbildung soll durch homogene Nukleierung erfolgen. Es wird angenommen, daß die Konzentration des Monomeren in den Phasen durch ein Nernstsches Verteilungsgleichgewicht bestimmt wird. Zu Vergleichszwecken wurde auch die Polymerisation von MADAMBQ in Lösung und als nicht stabilisierte Fällungspolymerisation durchgeführt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 739-741 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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