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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of plant sterols. VII. The possible operation of several routes in the biosynthesis of cardenolides from cholesterol (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 7 (1968), S. 3248-3253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00849a030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior, activities, and effects of bacteria on synthetic quartz monocrystal surfaces (1977)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 4 (1977), S. 189-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains ofBacillus sp. and a strain ofBrevibacterium sp., originally isolated from a natural quartzite surface, were characterized and employed as test strains with several methods: acridine orange fluorochromation and epifluorescence microscopy were used for detection of individual cells; scanning and transmission microscopy for studying attachment behavior; replica techniques in combination with electron microscopy for following surface interaction effects; and chemical analysis of SiO2 for detecting possible silica leaching activities. The experimental results clearly showed that the three test strains were able to attach to and grow on the precleaned quartz surfaces. Attachment modes were either by direct sorption mechanisms (Brevibacterium sp. S) or the production of adhesive polymers (Bacillus sp. U andBacillus sp. W). In short-term contact incubation experiments with rich media, neither quartz crystal surface structures nor bacterial cell surfaces appeared to be changed. Likewise, significant biochemical dissolution and mechanical dislocation of SiO2 (which would have indicated rapid bacterial weathering activities) could not be detected. The importance of quartz purity and crystalline structure for the initiation of weathering processes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015076
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some special problems in the determination of viable counts of groundwater microorganisms (1988)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 16 (1988), S. 99-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Factors affecting viable cell counts in groundwater or sediments were studied with samples from the Segeberg Forest test area in northern Germany. There was very little variation in results with the season (April, August, November) or depth of sampling; generally there were 103−104 aerobic cells per ml or g sediment. Long incubation times resulted in higher cell counts; groundwater samples required 4–5 weeks, and sediment extracts had to be cultured for 7 weeks. Total cell counts in sediment were 102−104 cell/g higher than viable cell counts of aerobes. This was explained partly by the additional presence of anaerobes and partly by the observation that some morphotypes may not have grown under our conditions. Viable cell counts were not influenced by cell extraction from the sediment with either Na-pyrophosphate or groundwater extracts. However, iron-precipitating or manganese-oxidizing bacteria were better extracted with sterile groundwater. The microflora of wells was more numerous than that of the free aquifer; consequently it was better to pump off all well water before aquifer water was sampled. The diameter of the well was also important; thinner tubes had higher cell counts than those with wider diameter. For sampling, wells should be at least 1 year old, since young wells contain higher numbers of microorganisms due to underground disturbances from the drilling. Turbid water samples could be clarified by filtration, but this reduced the viable counts by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Two different media inoculated with a sample dilution resulted in the same cell counts, but their microbial diversity was different. Storage of groundwater samples before processing resulted in up to 17-fold increases in cell counts and loss of diversity in the first 24 hours. Cell numbers decreased slowly during longer storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of iron and manganese deposition associated with extracellular polymers of pedomicrobium-like budding bacteria (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pedomicrobium ; Budding bacteria ; Iron deposition ; Manganese deposition ; Polymer ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological characteristics of two Pedomicrobium-like budding bacteria are described. A structured surface layer was regularly observed on strain 868. Ruthenium red- and Alcian blue-staining polymers were found on both strains. When either strain was grown in the presence of iron or manganese, the corresponding oxides accumulated on their surfaces. In thin sections iron oxides appeared as fine threads, arrays of particles or dense coatings, depending on the source of iron. Manganese oxides appeared as branching filaments or convoluted ribbons. Both metal oxides stained with ruthenium red. Extraction of the oxides followed by ruthenium red staining revealed that polyanionic polymers previously deposited on the cells were associated with the metals. Treatment of cultures with glutaraldehyde, HgCl2, or heat, inhibited manganese but not iron deposition, suggesting that iron oxides accumulated by passive, non-biological processes. Manganese oxides apparently accumulated under control of a biological manganese-oxidizing factor. Incomplete inhibition of manganese deposition observed in cell suspensions suggested that, if the oxidizing factor was an enzyme, it was unusually stable. Based on these results, possible mechanisms of iron and manganese deposition in association with extracellular polymers are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406653
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The budding bacteria, Pirellula and Planctomyces, with atypical 16S rRNA and absence of peptidoglycan, show eubacterial phospholipids and uniquely high proportions of long chain beta-hydroxy fatty acids in the lipopolysaccharide lipid A (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Fatty acid composition ; Pirellula ; Planctomyces ; Non-prosthecate, budding bacteria ; Phylogeny of eubacteria ; Lipids ; Fatty acids ; Lipopolysaccharides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fatty acids of twelve strains of budding bacteria (Planctomyces and Pirellula spp.), which have atypical 16S rRNA and do not contain peptidoglycan cell walls, were shown to contain typical diacyl polar lipids with no indication of isoprenoid ether lipids suggestive of a relationship with the archaebacteria. The major ester-linked fatty acids of the phospholipids were palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids, which are more typical of microeukaryotes than of eubacteria. Lipopolysaccharide lipid A (LPS) was detected; it contained major proportions of long chain normal 3-OH fatty acids (3-OH eicosanoic at 23% and 17% of the total in two strains of Planctomyces, and 3-OH octadecanoic at 18%, and 3-OH palmitic at 11% of the total in one strain of Pirellula). Major portions of long chain 3-OH fatty acids in the LPS are extremely unusual and provide another atypical property of these organisms. Each strain investigated showed a specific total fatty acid composition, reflecting the diversity in 16S rRNA nucleotide catalogues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422014
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved growth conditions for hyphomicrobium sp. B-522 and two additional strains (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 32-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hyphomicrobium ; Growth requirements ; Growth improvement ; Vitamin B12 ; C-1 utilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth yields and rates of 3 hyphomicrobia were improved by varying components of or adding compounds to medium 337. Methanol (0.5% v/v), and similarly methylamine·HCl (3.38g/l), were optimal among 22 C-sources tested; increasing the methylamine·HCl concentration to 5.07g/l gave higher Hyphomicrobium B-522 yields but also prolonged lag periods. Ten C-sources (organic acids, alcohols) stimulated growth slightly but significantly, even in subcultures. Sugar compounds were not utilized. Strains B-522 and ZV-580 were stimulated by l-lysine and gluconate, while NQ-521 gr was stimulated by aspartate. N-Sources tested were inorganic (3), organic (3), or complex (3). (NH4)2SO4 (0.5g/l) was optimal for strains ZV-580 and NQ-521 gr, but Hyphomicrobium B-522 grew best with urea-N. With NH 4 + , strain B-522 grew as homogeneous suspension, all other N-sources caused clumping and pellicle formation. Inorganic requirements (PO 4 3- , Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Mo) of strains B-522 and ZV-580 were optimized. Addition of Ni, Co, or Zn had no effect; metals “44” or Cu, resulted in growth inhibition. Vitamin B12 stimulated Hyphomicrobium B-522; 2.5μg/l B12 decreased the doubling time from 9.3–10.8h to 5.4–5.8h. All combined single improvements resulted in a protein increase of 557% (B-522), 141% (NQ-521 gr), or 109% (ZV-580), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451495
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of hyphomicrobia (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 81 (1972), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The deoxyribonucleic acids of 70 hyphomicrobia were examined at equilibrium in neutral CsCl density gradients. The guanine plus cytosine (%G+C) content was estimated to range from 59.2 to 66.8% G+C. The strains could be divided into three groups with different base composition of their DNA; 61.0±1.1%, 64.1±0.6%, and 66.5±0.6% G+C. The values are compared with those for the base composition of DNA of a number of phototrophic, budding bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412634
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phylogenetic position of the budding bacteria Blastobacter aggregatus and Gemmobacter aquatilis gen., nov. sp. nov. (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 92-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gemmobacter gen. nov. ; Gemmobacter aquatilis sp. nov. ; Blastobacter ; Blastobacter aggregatus ; Phylogeny ; Taxonomy ; 16S rRNA cataloguing ; Fatty acids ; Plasmids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Blastobacter aggregatus and a Blastobacter-like isolate (IFAM 1031) were analysed by the 16S ribosomal RNA cataloguing approach in order to determine their phylogenetic position. Both phenotypical similar organisms are members of the alpha-subdivision of purple phototrophic bacteria and their non-phototrophic relatives but they are not closely related: B. aggregatus clusters with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium species; the unnamed strain displays a moderate relationship to members of Rhodobacter and Paracoccus denitrificans, with which is shares the character of a nicked 23S rRNA. Although the budding isolate IFAM 1031 resembles members of Blastobacter phenotypically, in the broad DNA G+C content and in the fatty acid pattern, a unique set of characters was found which allows description of the isolate as the typus of a new genus for which Gemmobacter gen. nov. is proposed, with G. aquatilis sp. nov. as the type species. G. aquatilis harbors at least two plasmids of different size and unknown function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492911
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2-Fixierung durch Knallgasbakterien (1963)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 46 (1963), S. 44-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Washed suspensions of Hydrogenomonas strain H 16 oxidizing molecular hydrogen and assimilating carbon dioxide accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid intracellularly; the time dependent incorporation of 14CO2 into different cell fractions has been investigated. Ethanolextracts were fractionated into a steam-volatile and an ether-soluble fraction and the residue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An gewaschenen Suspensionen von Hydrogenomonas Stamm H 16, die während der Oxydation von molekularem Wasserstoff Kohlendioxyd fixieren und Poly-β-hydroxybuttersäure intracellulär anhäufen, wurde die Zeitabhängigkeit des Einbaus von 14CO2 in verschiedene Zellfraktionen untersucht. Die Äthanolextrakte wurden in eine wasserdampf-flüchtige, eine ätherlösliche und die Rückstands-Fraktion aufgetrennt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406385
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2-Fixierung durch Knallgasbakterien (1963)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 46 (1963), S. 53-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The production, preparation, and analysis by paperchromatography of 14C-labeled extracts from cells of Hydrogenomonas H 16 storing poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHBS) is described and discussed. Some chromatographical solvent systems were compared, especially with one proposed by Metzner (1960). Rf-values of important intermediates and phosphate ester position constants were determined. Separation by paperchromatography of sugars, amino acids, and hydroxamic acids was tested in various systems. Sprays for these compounds, as well as for organic acids and phosphate esters, were compared and their colour reactions described. Chromatograms of extracts from Hydrogenomonas H 16 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa after incorporation of 14CO2 in short time experiments under comparable conditions showed labelling patterns different from each other. In the case of Hydrogenomonas, 63% of the activity fixed was found in the phosphate esters, mainly in hexose monophosphates (incl. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate), phosphoglyceric acid, and AMP. The phosphate esters of Chlorella contained 95% of the activity fixed, the bulk of which appeared in phosphoglyceric acid, triose phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvic acid. Much less was found in the hexose monophosphates. Some organic and amino acids such as malic, citric, succinic, fumaric glutamic acid and alanine of the Hydrogenomonas extracts were rather heavily labelled, while this was not the case with Chlorella.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gewinnung, Aufbereitung und papierchromatographische Analyse 14C-markierter Extrakte aus PHBS-speichernden Zellen von Hydrogenomonas H 16 wird beschrieben und diskutiert. Einige chromatographische Trennsysteme wurden verglichen, insbesondere mit dem von Metzner (1960) vorgeschlagenen System. Rf-Werte wichtiger Intermediärverbindungen und Positionskonstanten von Phosphatestern wurden ermittelt. Für die papierchromatographische Trennung von Zuckern, Aminosäuren und Hydroxamsäuren sowie für organische Säuren und Phosphatester wurden zweckmäßige Systeme angegeben, Sprühmittel verglichen und Farbreaktionen beschrieben. Chromatogramme von Extrakten aus Hydrogenomonas H 16 und Chlorella pyrenoidosa, die 14CO2 im Kurzzeitversuch unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen eingebaut hatten, zeigten voneinander verschiedene Markierungsmuster. Unter den Phosphatestern sind bei Hydrogenomonas (nur 63% des fixierten 14C) vorwiegend Hexosemonophosphate, Sedoheptulose-7-phosphat, Phosphoglycerinsäure und AMP markiert, bei Chlorella (95% des fixierten 14C) hauptsächlich Phosphoglycerinsäure, Triosephosphat und Phosphoenolbrenztraubensäure. Bei Hydrogenomonas waren einige organische Säuren und Aminosäuren (Äpfelsäure, Citronensäure, Bernsteinsäure, Fumarsäure, Glutaminsäure, Alanin u.a.) relativ stark markiert, die bei Chlorella kaum oder nicht radioaktiv waren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406386
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