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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The kinetics of foam formation are observed by IR-spectroscopy. The formation of polyurethane and polyurea occurs simultaneously, the transition from the dissolved to the crystalline urea being chronologically measurable. The difference between hotcure and cold-cure (HR) foam is explained. NCO-linking reactions cannot be detected by IR-spectroscopy. Using a foam with a density of 26 kg/m3, a quantitative study of foam formation was made, using chemical methods of analysis. Gas yield and time of curing are determined.
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Schaumbildung wird IR-spektroskopisch verfolgt. Polyurethanund Polyharnstoff-Bildung laufen nebeneinander ab, wobei der Übergang von gelöstem zu kristallinem Harnstoff chronologisch erfaßbar ist. Der Unterschied zwischen Heiß- und Kalt-(HR)-Schaum wird deutlich. NCO- Vernetzungsreaktionen lessen sich durch IR-Spektren nicht nachweisen. An einem Schaum der Rohdichte 26 kg/m3 wird eine quantitative Bilanz der Schaumbildung mit chemischen Analysenmethoden aufgestellt. Gasausbeute und Geschwindigkeit der Aushärtung werden bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The electrical conductivity of conventional polymers like, for example, polycarbonate can be increased many magnitudes by adding suitable radical ion salts based on tetracyanoquinodimethane. The formation of suitable crystal structures like dendrites, fibrous crystals and whiskers plays a vital rôle in this: the crystalline precipitation must form a three-dimensional network throughout the entire polymer matrix, and can only be produced by crystallization from solution. Given an ideal distribution of crystals in the films, additions of approx. 0.5 % by weight will give conductivities of up to 10-3 S/cm. Unlike conventional anti-static agents (hydrophilizing agents), crystalline radical ion salts give films electrically conductive properties which are practically independent of atmospheric humidity. The films behave like electrical semiconductors and have a positive temperature gradient. In view of the small amount of additive required, these modified polycarbonate films can be used as transparent packaging films whose anti-static properties are unaffected by atmospheric moisture.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 215-224 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Electron-rich Olefines, 5. Reactions of Tetraaminoethylenes with Lactams and ImidesThe tetraaminoethylenes 1a-c react with lactams 2 to give 2-(acylamino)imidazolidines 3. Analogously the cyclic imides 5 react with 1a-c to form 2-(diacylamino)imidazolidines 6. The hydrolysis of 3 and 6 yields the products 2, 5, and N-formylbis(arylamino)ethane 4. The mechanisms are discussed.
    Notes: Die Tetraaminoäthylene 1a-c reagieren mit den Lactamen 2 zu 2-(Acylamino)imidazolidinen 3. Die cyclischen Imide 5 liefern mit 1a-c analog die 2-(Diacylamino)imidazolidine 6. Die Hydrolyse von 3 und 6 liefert neben 2 und 5 N-formylbis(arylamino)äthan 4. Die Reaktions-mechanismen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 1651-1663 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Reactivity of Electron-rich Olefins:Reactions of Tetraaminoethylenes with Amines and HydrazinesThe reaction of 3 with primary amines or hydrazines results in cleavage of the imidazolidine ring and formation of the amino-amidines 4a-h, whereas reaction of 3 with secondary amines yields 2-aminoimidazolidines 7a-e. 9 is less reactive than 3; the reaction with primary amines or hydrazines yields the amino-amidines 10a, b.
    Notes: Das Tetraaminoäthylen 3 liefert mit primären Aminen oder Hydrazinen unter Öffnung des Imidazolidinringes die Amino-amidine 4a-h. Sekundäre Amine reagieren mit 3 unter Erhaltung des Imidazolidinringes zu den 2-Amino-imidazolidinen 7a - e. 9 zeigt im Vergleich zu 3 verminderte Reaktivität und liefert mit primären Aminen oder Hydrazinen ebenfalls Amino-amidine 10a, b.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Diazo Compounds, VIII. Reactions of Bis-(1.3-diphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene) with Diazo Compounds  -  a Contribution on the Reactivity of Electron-rich OlefinesBis-(1.3-diphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene) (1) reacts with diazomethyl compounds, possessing an sufficiently acidic 1-diazo-H-atom, to give the (1.3-diphenylimidazolidin-2-yl)-diazomethanes 3a-g. The guanyldiazomethane 12a and the disubstituted diazomethanes 12b-g, on the other hand, add on with their terminal diazo-N-atom to one half of 1, forming the azines 14-h; in the case of 3-diazocampher syn-anti-isomers are found (14g and 14h, respectively). The formation of azines in the reaction of diazo compounds 20a and b with the electronrich olefine 1 is circumvented by a formal insertion of the nucleophilic carbene 8 in the NH-bond of the diazo component with formation of 21a and b. The mechanistic aspects of the „olefine-cleavage“ (1 → 3, 1 → 14 and 1 → 21) are discussed.
    Notes: Bis-[1.3-diphenyl-imidazolidinyliden-(2)] (1) reagiert mit Diazomethyl-Verbindungen, die ein genügend acides 1-Diazo-H-Atom besitzen (2a-g), zu den [1.3-Diphenyl-imidazolidinyl-(2)]-diazomethanen 3a-g. Das Guanyl-diazomethan 12a und die disubstituierten Diazomethane 12b-g dagegen addieren sich mit dem endständigen Diazo-N-Atom an eine Molekülhälfte von 1 unter Bildung der Azine 14a-h, wobei im Falle von 3-Diazo-campher syn-anti-Isomere auftreten (14g bzw. h). Bei der Umsetzung der Diazoverbindungen 20a und b mit dem elektronenreichen Olefin 1 wird die Azinbildung dadurch umgangen, daß sich formal das nucleophile Carben 8 in die NH-Bindung der Diazokomponente einschiebt unter Bildung von 21a und b. Die mechanistischen Aspekte der „Olefinspaltung“ (1 → 3, 1 → 14 und 1 → 21) werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1975 (1975), S. 1409-1421 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Electron Rich Olefins, VI1). - Reactions of Ethylenetetraamines with Carboxamides and CarbohydrazidesThe ethylenetetraamines 1a and b react with the carboxamides 5 11a-c to give the N-(2-imidazolidinyl)carboxamides 6a-e and 12a-c respectively. The reaction of 1a with urea, N,N-dimethylurea and ethylurethane yields 17,20 and 21. Carboxhydrazides react with 1a to yield the acylated formamidrazones 23a-d. The chloromethanesulfonamide 26 reacts with 1 to form the oxathiazoline 28.
    Notes: Die Äthylentetraamine 1a und b reagieren mit den Carbonsäureamiden 5 und 11a-c zu den N-(2-Imidazolidinyl)carboxamiden 6a-e bzw. 12a-c. Aus 1a und Harnstoff, N,N-Dimethylharnstoff oder Äthylurethan erhält man 17, 20 bzw. 21. Carbonsäurehydrazide liefern dagegen mit 1a die acylierten Formamidrazone 23a-d. Aus dem acylierten Chlormethansulfonamid 26 erhält man mit 1a das Oxathiazolin 28.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 751 (1971), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Parabanic Acid Derivatives. A Contribution to the Chemistry of Nucleophilic Carbenes“Nucleophilic carbenoids′', produced in situ from the azolium salts 3, 8 and 10 with triethylamine, react with 2 moles of iso- and isothio-cyanate to yield the parabanic acid derivatives 2, 4 and 9 via dipolar intermediates (e. g. 12, 15). The appearance of free carbenes is improbable. A mechanism via an electron-rich olefin could be excluded.
    Notes: Die aus den Azoliumsalzen 3, 8 und 10 mit Triäthylamin in situ erzeugten „nucleophilen Carbenoide“ reagieren mit 2 Moll. Iso- und Isothio-cyanat über dipolare Zwischenprodukte (z. B. 12, 15) zu den Parabansäure-Derivaten 2, 4 und 9. Dabei ist das Auftreten eines freien Carbens wenig wahrscheinlich. Ein Mechanismus über ein elektronenreiches Olefin konnte ausgeschlossen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Electron Rich Olefins, 81.  -  Reactions of Ethylenetetramines with Sulfonamides and Organophosphorus CompoundsThe ethylenetetramines 1a-c react with sulfonamides 5a-c to give the sulfonylformamidines 6a-e, and with phosphoric amides 10a-d to give the phosphorylformamidines 11a-h. The (ethyl)thiophosphonic amides 12a, b yield the phosphonylformamidines 13a, b. The dialkyl phosphites 14a-c react with 1a to yield the 2-imidazolidinyl phosphonates 15a-c.
    Notes: Die Ethylentetramine 1a-c reagieren mit den Sulfonsäure- oder Phosphorsäureamiden 5a-c bzw. 10a-d zu den Sulfonyl- bzw. Phosphorylformamidinen 6a-e bzw. 11a-h. Analog liefern die (Ethyl)thiophosphonsäureamide 12a, b die Phosphonylformamidine 13a, b. Die Dialkylphosphite 14a-c liefern dagegen mit 1a die 2-Imidazolidinylphosphonsäureester 15a-c.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Electron Rich Olefins, 91).  -  Synthesis of Hydroxybenzaldehydes with Ethylenetetramines*)Electron rich olefins such as 1,1′,3,3′-tetraphenyl-2,2′-biimidazolidinylidene (1) react with phenols to give imidazolidin-2-ylphenols, which can easily be hydrolyzed to the corresponding hydroxybenzaldehydes. The cyclic imidazolidinyl group preferentially enters para to the phenolic OH group. If the para position is blocked or sterically hindered, the reaction proceeds selectively via the o-substituted phenols to salicylaldehydes. Incorporation of more than one aldehyde group in the benzene nucleus is often achieved with hydroxy- and amino-phenols.
    Notes: Elektronenreiche Olefine vom Typ 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-2,2′-biimidazolidinyliden (1) reagieren mit Phenolen zu Imidazolidin-2-ylphenolen, die sich leicht zu den entsprechenden Hydroxybenzaldehyden hydrolysieren lassen. Die Imidazolidinylgruppe tritt bevorzugt in p-Stellung zur phenolischen OH-Gruppe ein. Ist diese blockiert oder sterisch gehindert, verläuft die Reaktion selektiv über die o-substituierten Phenole zu Salicylaldehyden. Bei Hydroxy- und Aminophenolen werden häufig mehr als eine Aldehydgruppe in den Benzolkern eingeführt.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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