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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 20 (1986), S. 1002-1007 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and activity of bacterioplankton, and the turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were examined in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. On the eastern side of the Sound, bacteria averaged 6.5×108 l-1, and turnover rates of dissolved adenosine triphosphate, D-glucose and l-leucine averaged 16, 116 and 124 h, respecitvely. These molecules as well as thymidine were taken up maximally from 0° to 5°C and near-maximally from -1.5° to 0°C, indicating bacterial adaptation to rapid turnover of dissolved organic matter at the ambient temperature. On the west side of the Sound, bacteria averaged only 0.65×108 l-1, and turnover times for adenosine triphosphate, D-glucose and lleucine averaged 59, 20454, and 3070 h, respectively. Total microbial adenosine triphosphate (an indicator of total microbial biomass) and chlorophyll a were also much lower at the western than at the eastern side stations. Moreover, no primary production could be detected at one western side station (New Harbor). Thus, in McMurdo Sound, the western side is highly oligotrophic, but the eastern side has an abundant active bacterioplankton, comparable to that of temperate coastal waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 34 (1976), S. 143-149 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A simple technique is described for de-salting and concentrating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) extracted from seawater or marine sediment samples prior to assays with the standard luciferin-luciferase procedure. The technique involves chromatography of H2SO4 extracts on columns of activated carbon. The efficiency of ATP recovery from marine sediments using this pre-treatment was superior to that attained with either boiling “Tris” extraction or with H2SO4 extraction without subsequent purification. All ions which interfere with the luciferase reaction or precipitate ATP upon neutralization of acid extracts are removed with this procedure, thus eliminating the 50- to 100-fold dilutions required with other acid-extraction procedures. In addition, the purified ATP extracts may be concentrated up to 100-fold, thus greatly improving the sensitivity of ATP measurement in samples containing very low biomass. This procedure has been applied to ATP determination in marine sediments in the upwelling area off northwest Africa. The average ATP concentrations in the upper 6 cm of sediment from 1000 and 200 m were 195 and 545 ng per ml wet sediment, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lignocellulose was found to comprise the bulk of various anatomical structures of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora, as well as of detritus derived from this plant; although concentrations of both lignin and lignocellulose varied with plant height-form, age, and anatomical structure. Changes in the relative concentrations of lignin and polysaccharide in lignocellulose due to long-term degradation by natural marsh microflora were determined using standard gravimetric assay procedures and a new procedure utilizing specifically-radiolabelled 14C-(cellulose)-lignocellulose and 14C-(lignin)-lignocellulose prepared from S. alterniflora. Results obtained with the two methods agreed, thus validating the new procedures. Mineralization of the cellulose moiety was more rapid than mineralization of the lignin moiety resulting in relative enrichment of S. alterniflora detritus in lignin. Rates of mineralization of both moieties decreased over time such that extent of mineralization was a function of the logarithm of aging time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 64 (1981), S. 43-51 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We determined concentrations of dissolved adenosine triphosphate (DATP) and rates of its uptake by marine bacteria in seawater from the continental shelf and Gulf Stream off the southeastern USA. Dissolved adenosine triphosphate (DATP) concentrations (22 to 568 ng l−1) were highest in nearshore surface waters and at the interfaces of continental shelf water and upwelled water from the cold wall of the Gulf Stream; lowest concentrations were found in surface water furthest from shore and in subsurface waters. Bacterial population density and DATP uptake velocities were determined to calculate average rates of DATP uptake per-cell. In general, percell rates of uptake were highest in samples having the highest in situ concentrations of DATP and varied markedly with small-scale temporal and spatial changes. Per-cell uptake by attached bacteria was one to two orders of magnitude faster than uptake by free-living bacteria; this difference could be accounted for by the much larger average cell volume of the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 34 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. We examined standing-senescing, standing-dead and recently fallen leaf blades of Carex walteriana in fens of the Okefenokee Swamp to determine the nature of the microbial decomposers in the early stages of decomposition, measuring both standing crops and productivities ([3H]leucineprotein method for bacteria, [14C]acetateergosterol for fungi).2. Fungal standing crops (ergosterol) became detectable at the mid-senescence stage (leaves about half yellow-brown) and rose to 14–31 mg living-fungal C g−1 organic mass of the decaying system; bacterial standing crops (direct microscopy) were ± 0.2 mgC g−1 until the fallen-leaf stage, when they rose to as high as 0.9 mgC g−1.3. Potential microbial specific growth rates were similar between fungi and bacteria, at about 0.03–0.06 day−1, but potential production of fungal mass was 115–512 μgC g−1 organic mass day−1, compared with 0–22 μgC g−1 day−1 for bacteria. Rates of fungal production were about 6-fold lower on average than previously found for a saltmarsh grass, perhaps because much lower phosphorus concentratiofis in the freshwater fen limit fungal activity.4. There was little change in lignocellulose (LC) percentage of decaying leaves, although net loss of organic mass at the fallen, broken stage was estimated to be 59%, suggesting that LC was lost at rates proportional to those for total organics during decay. Monomers of fungal-wall polymers (glucosamine and mannose) accumulated 2- to 4-fold during leaf decay. This may indicate that an increase found for proximate (acid-detergent) lignin could be at least partially due to accumulation of refractory fungal-wall material, including melanin.5. A common sequence in decaying aquatic grasses is suggested: principally fungal alteration of LC during standing decay, followed by a trend toward bacterial decomposition of the LC after leaves fall and break into particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 267 (1977), S. 696-698 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although the particulate ATP content of marine seston (suspended particles) has been used extensively as a sensitive indicator of microbial biomass in oceans and lakes4, the presence of DATP in seawater had not been demonstrated conclusively9. This has been due, in part, to the absence of a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: in situ PCR ; in situ hybridization ; todC1 gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The toluene dioxygenase (todC1) gene and its mRNA transcripts were amplified by in situ PCR and in situ RT-PCR, respectively, in intact cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida F1. In situ amplicons of DNA and mRNA were then detected by hybridizing to a fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide. In situ PCR protocols were developed to distinguish between cells of P. putida F1 (possessing the todC1 gene) and P. putida AC10R (lacking the todC1 gene); the method was sensitive enough to detect amplified products from a single copy of the todC1 gene. P. putida F1 cells were also introduced into seawater with toluene addition. Cells expressing todC1 and total cells were detectable by in situ RT-PCR and Yo-Pro 1 counterstaining, respectively. Nearly 90% of cells expressing the todC1 gene were detected in seawater amended with toluene at day 3, but no cells expressing todC1 were detected in seawater not exposed to toluene. Our results suggest that in situ PCR amplification can be a useful technique for studying presence or absence of a specific gene and gene expression of bioremediative bacteria at the individual cell level following release into natural environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: microcosms ; bacterial populations ; 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes ; lignin ; coastal seawater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Most studies of marine bacterial communities focus on functional attributes of the community, rather than on population or community structure, at least in part, because of the difficulty in enumerating individual species within complex communities. Here, we describe a study in which populations of three bacterial species were followed over time in replicate marine enrichment cultures using 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide probes. Three identical enrichment microcosms were established with lignin-rich pulp mill waste as a sole carbon source, inoculated with coastal seawater, and transferred at two-week intervals. Population levels were assessed throughout a six-week period using species-specific 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide probes directed toward three bacterial species that were numerically important (and culturable) members of the enrichments. Substantial differences in the population levels of each bacterial species were found among the triplicate incubations, despite the fact that the enrichments were inoculated and treated identically. Stochastic differences in the composition of the inoculum and/or ecological interactions within the enrichment replicates may have been important in determining final population levels. Functional ability, assessed as rates of degradation of a synthetic lignin preparation, were fairly similar among the three replicate enrichments (within 70%), despite the substantial differences in population levels of the representative lignin-degrading species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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