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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 85 (1982), S. 539-551 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dominant suppressor Su(var)b 101 and the dominant enhancer En(var)c 101 were found to affect significantly white variegation in a strongly variegating line of the w m4 chromosome (w m4h ) which has been used as standard rearrangement for a genetic dissection of position-effect variegation (Reuter and Wolff, 1981). Both mutations were also shown to affect position-effect heterochromatisation in T(1;4)w m258-21 and variegation in all the rearrangements tested (white, brown, scute and bobbed variegation). These results suggest that the genes identified encode functions essential for the manifestation of gene inactivation in position-effect rearrangements. It seems also reasonable to assume that in all the rearrangements tested identical heterochromatisation processes lead to inactivation of the genes whose phenotype is variegated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 39-47 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.55.Fr ; 72.80.Cw ; 71.45.Gm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The free charge carrier concentration as a function of the reciprocal temperature and the doping level [p(1/T)- andp(C)-characteristics] is calculated from the neutrality equation of a semiconductor containing positive or negativeU centers. The typical exponential laws and power laws of thep(1/T)- andp(C)-characteristics are given both for positive and negative correlation energy of the bound charge carrier pairs. Furthermore, the characteristics are evaluated differentially, in order to obtain criteria for the presence of negativeU centers in semiconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 34:4 (1986) 329 
    ISSN: 0012-1045
    Topics: Philosophy
    Notes: Zum XI. Parteitag der SED: Die marxistisch-leninistische Philosophie und ihr Beitrag im Kampf um Frieden und sozialen Fortschritt
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 29:3/4 (1981) 307 
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Atopy is closely associated with the cellular T helper type-2 (Th2) phenotype, that is dominated by the pleiotrophic cytokine IL-4. The cellular source of IL-4 has yet to be determined, although basophils have been proposed. Eosinophils and mast cells are likely contenders investigated here, and the eosinophil-like leukaemia line AML14.3D10 is compared to eosinophils as an in vitro culturable model for eosinophils. Lectins can cross-link-specific surface glycoproteins and are found in the ingested (processed foods) and inhaled (airborne pollen grains) human environment. Therefore it is of interest to determine whether lectins can elicit the release of IL-4 from Th2-associated granulocytes other than basophils.Method This study investigated the ability of eosinophils, AML14.3D10 and mast cells to secrete preformed IL-4 in response to stimulation with lectins, and explored molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction.Results Purified eosinophils and basophils, and cultured mast cells and AML14.3D10 cells were incubated with 1 µm lectin. Agglutination was scored by microscopy. IL-4 secretion was measured by enayme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biotinylated lectins were used to determine binding to cells by flow cytometry and in lectin blots of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gels.Discussion Purified human eosinophils, AML14.3D10 cells and cultured mast cells secrete IL-4 with a pattern similar to that found in basophils when stimulated with a panel of reactive and unreactive lectins. The lectin SNA induces IL-4 secretion from mast cells and basophils, but not from eosinophils or AML14.3D10. Eosinophils appear to secrete only pre-formed IL-4, whereas mast cells may synthesize IL-4 on ligation with the lectin LCA. Lectins that agglutinate the granulocytes investigated do not necessarily induce secretion of IL-4. Lectins that elicit secretion of IL-4 bind more to eosinophils than unreactive lectins as determined by flow cytometry and lectin blotting of SDS gels.Conclusion As granulocytes with functions related to that of basophils, eosinophils, AML14.3D10 and cultured mast cells respond to stimulation with lectins similarly to basophils. This emphasizes the possibility that eosinophils and mast cells may be linked in their cellular heritage as the cellular partners, and lectins as ligands, may contribute to the maintenance of a Th2-favoured microenvironment that is thought to underlie the allergic march.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Combining inhaled long-acting β-2 agonist (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) seems to offer asthma control at a lower dose of ICS than achieved by ICS alone. Fine mapping of T-cell surface markers by flow cytometry offers a detailed status of the individual's inflammatory response. The frequency of MT2 (CD4+CD45RA–CD62L+CD11adim) and MT1 (CD4+CD45RA–CD62L–CD11abright) cells in peripheral blood, and their ratio, has been shown to differ predictably in atopics and patients with leprosy, where MT2 correlates with a Th2 phenotype and MT1 with a Th1 phenotype. Stable asthmatics, requiring fluticasone propionate (FP) 750–1000 µg daily or equivalent, were randomized to receive, double-blinded, either Seretide®[salmeterol and fluticasone propionate (SFC, n = 16)] 50 µg/500 µg bd or FP 500 µg bd (n = 17). If asthma was controlled based on lung function and symptoms at clinic visits every 6 weeks, ICS dose was tapered until asthma exacerbated or 0 µg was reached. The frequency and ratio of MT2 and MT1 T cells of the patients was monitored at 6 week intervals. As treatment tapered, the frequency of MT2 cells decreased (P = 0038 from first to final visit), whereas that of MT1 cells increased. The ratio of MT2/MT1 decreased (P = 0049 from first to final visit). In patients receiving LABA + ICS, the fall in MT2/MT1 ratio appeared to be more pronounced than in patients receiving ICS alone. Thus, the MT2 phenotype may be associated with stable asthma, whereas an imminent exacerbation may associate with an increase in the MT1 phenotype. LABA may allow for a greater effect of FP on the MT ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 82 (1974), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 81 (1974), S. 341-350 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 23 (1975), S. 215-224 
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Mast cells have long been recognized as the principal cell type that initiates the inflammatory response characteristic of acute allergic type 1 reactions. Our goal has been to further characterize maturation of progenitors to mast cells.Methods:  Mast cells were cultured from human cord blood derived CD133+ progenitors. Mast cell function was tested using histamine release. During differentiation mast cells surface marker expression was monitored by flow cytometry.Results:  CD133+ progenitors expressed the early haematopoietic and myeloid lineage markers CD34, CD117, CD13 and CD33. Mature mast cells expressed CD117, CD13 and CD33, and expression of the high affinity immunoglobulin E recpetor FcɛRI increased during culture. Cytokine receptors interleukin (IL)-5R, IL-3R, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)R and IL-18R were expressed at high levels during maturation. Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR2 were highly expressed on both newly purified CD133+ cells and mature cells.Conclusion:  Human mast cells can be cultured from a CD34+/CD117+/CD13+/CD33+ progenitor cell population in cord blood that is tryptase and chymase negative. Developing and mature mast cells express a wide range of chemokine and cytokine receptors. We found high levels of expression of CD123, IL-5R and GM-CSF receptors, also found on eosinophils and basophils, and high levels of expression of the receptor for the inflammatory cytokine IL-18.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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