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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infection of potato and wheat by isolates of Rhizoctonia solani and R. cerealis (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 32 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Rhizoctonia were obtained from potato crops with stem canker or black scurf and from cereal crops with sharp eyespot. Those with many nuclei per cell, wide cells, darkening colonies and fast growth were assigned to R. solani; those with two nuclei per cell, narrow cells, pale colonies and slow growth were assigned to R. cerealis. Only R. solani was obtained from potatoes and only R. cerealis from cereals. On young plants in the glasshouse, the isolates of R. solani infected potato substantially but not wheat; R. cerealis infected wheat substantially and potato slightly. This host preference was shown at temperatures between 10 and 25°C in growth rooms. R. solani on potato caused more disease with increasing temperature; no trend with temperature was observed for R. cerealis on wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1983.tb02838.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of a world-wide collection of isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides by RFLP analysis of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA and host range (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two profiles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were detected among 59 isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides from diverse geographical sources. One profile (type II) was present only among isolates pathogenic on rye (R-type), and a second profile (type I) was present in W, C and S-pathotypes of the fungus. Mitochondrial DNA from P. herpotrichoides hybridized strongly to DNA of P. anguioides, but very weakly to DNA from P. aestiva, suggesting that the latter is not closely related to P. herpotrichoides. Fifteen profiles of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were observed among isolates with type I mtDNA, and five of these were only found among seven isolates from Ireland. The other profiles present among type-I isolates appeared to be largely independent of geographic origin. Three rDNA profiles were observed among R-type (type II mtDNA) isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01470.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The classification of isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis from wheat, rye and oats using restriction fragment length polymorphisms in families of repeated DNA sequences (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae, which affects oats, wheat and other grasses, and of G.g. var. tritici, which preferentially affects wheat, rye and barley, contain a high proportion of repeated sequences. Total DNA from 57 fungal isolates collected from many locations and different cereal hosts, and scored for virulence on wheat, rye and oats, revealed many restriction fragment length polymorphisms. These RFLPs were observed either by staining the DNA directly, by hybridization to radioactively labelled total fungal DNA, or by hybridization with labelled wheat ribosomal DNA. With only a few exceptions, the isolates with the same preferred cereal hosts showed more similar patterns of restriction fragments than isolates that had different pathogenicity properties on cereal hosts, irrespective of the geographical origins of the isolates. This was even the case for R isolates of G.g. var. tritici that were virulent on wheat and rye compared with N isolates that were virulent only on wheat. Isolates were identified by hybridizing DNA from infected root samples with 32P-labelled total fungal DNA. The restriction fragment polymorphisms involving families of repeated sequence can therefore be used as a predictive assay for host preference of an isolate, and have probably arisen by host selection of fungal lineages. The variation between isolates in different pathogenicity groups suggests that there is little gene flow between isolates that can infect different hosts, even though they can coexist in the same field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1992.tb02453.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Take-all in autumn-sown wheat, barley, triticale and rye grown with high and low inputs (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Winter cultivars of wheat, barley, triticale and rye were grown under two contrasting husbandry systems (low and high inputs) at two locations (Woburn and Rothamsted) known to be infested with the take-all fungus. The sandy loam at Woburn is less fertile than the silty clay loam at Rothamsted. Root infection in these crops was assessed in spring and summer.Rye was least infected by the take-all fungus, wheat the most infected and barley and triticale had intermediate levels of infection. Barley yields were less affected by take-all than those of wheat or triticale, because barley was at a later growth stage by the time severe infection occurred. Yields of wheat and barley responded most to the high-input husbandry on the less fertile soil at Woburn. On the basis of quantity of grain, triticale would appear to be a good substitute for wheat on the less fertile soil when inputs are low, but not where they are high. At Rothamsted, yields of wheat and triticale were similar in both input systems. There was no strong support, at either site, for the contention that triticale could be a useful substitute for barley where low or high inputs are used. A total of 177 isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (the causal fungus of take-all) were obtained from infected roots in these experiments and tested for their pathogenicity on wheat and rye seedlings. These tests revealed a range of pathotypes with varying pathogenicities to wheat and rye, but pathogenicities were not correlated with the host plant from which the fungi were isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01521.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis isolates to wheat and rye seedlings (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 39 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A total of 187 isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis, obtained from diseased cereal roots between 1979 and 1983, mostly from the UK, were compared for their ability to produce disease on wheat and rye seedlings in the glasshouse. Isolates varied continuously in pathogenic adaptation to rye. from those infecting wheat substantially and rye slightly (designated normal or N-isolates) to those infecting both wheat and rye substantially (designated R-isolates). The degree of adaptation to rye was a consistent characteristic of individual isolates. All were morphologically similar toG. graminis var. tritici R-isolates were obtained from all the areas sampled, they did not appear to predominate on a particular host species and occurred together with N-isolates and intermediates in a single field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1990.tb02502.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of Tapesia yallundae apothecia on field and laboratory-inoculated material and evidence for recombination between isolates (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tapesia yallundae was observed in early July on wheat straws, which had been inoculated with isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (W-type) 9 months previously and placed in plots of winter wheat, to act as inoculum in a resistance screen. A perfect state was not observed on straws inoculated with R-type isolates in the same experiment. One hundred and thirty-four single-ascospore isolates were obtained and observations on morphology in culture, pathogenicity to wheat and rye seedlings, resistance to benomyl and the pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphisms demonstrated that all isolates were W-type, although some grew at half the expected rate on agar, and at least two isolates were involved in the production of apothecia. Apothecia were produced in vitro on straws inoculated with single isolates of P. herpotrichoides only when they were incubated in contact with other straws similarly inoculated with certain other isolates. No apothecia were produced on straws with only isolate present, suggesting the need for at least two strains, possibly representing different mating types, for apothecium formation. Apothecia of T. yallundae were produced in vitro on straw pieces which had been inoculated individually with W-type isolates, 14-16 weeks after straws of different isolates were mixed. Evidence for genetic recombination between isolates was obtained when single-ascopore colonies were analysed for resistance to benomyl in culture and for restriction-length polymorphisms (RFLPs).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02428.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification of a pathotype-specific DNA probe for the R-type of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 6·7-kb DNA fragment has been isolated from an R-type isolate of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides that exhibits specific hybridization to R-type isolates and not to W, C or S pathotypes or to P. anguioides. R-type isolates are polymorphic with respect to this fragment and three sizes were present (11·6, 6·7 and 4·5 kb) in EcoRI-digested DNA from isolates of a world-wide collection. Infection of rye seedlings was demonstrated by hybridization of this probe to DNA extracted from infected plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01608.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of cultural, morphological and DNA markers for the classification of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides were classified by a variety of established techniques including colony morphology, colour, pathogenicity on seedlings and spore morphology. In all cases, certain isolates could not be clearly classified and correlation between the systems was incomplete. In particular, the typing system of Nirenberg in which two varieties of P. herpotrichoides (var. herpotrichoides and var. acuformis) are recognized did not correlate with the widely used UK system based on colony morphology on PDA: fast, even (F E) and slow, feathery (S/F). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in total DNA and rDNA indicated groupings related to morphology (and pathogenicity) with considerable polymorphisms in rDNA of F/E isolates. Generally, good correlation was found between RFLP markers and other tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02423.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology, benomyl resistance and pathogenicity to wheat and rye of isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 34 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seventy-one isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, a non-random sample obtained from cereal crops in Britain between 1981 and 1983, were classified as either sensitive or resistant to 2 mg/l benomyl. In agar culture, isolates were of two distinct morphological types, described as ‘fast-even’ and ‘slow-feathery’. Pathogenicity to wheat and rye seedlings was determined for 21 fast-even and 32 slow-feathery isolates. Fast-even isolates were much more pathogenic to wheat than to rye; nearly all slow-feathery isolates were about equally pathogenic to wheat and rye. Thus, in morphology and pathogenicity, irrespective of sensitivity to benomyl, fast-even isolates conformed to the published descriptions of W-types, while slow-feathery isolates conformed to the descriptions of R-types.Sensitivity to 2 mg/l benomyl was determined for 97 isolates, including W-types and R-types, collected between 1956 and 1983, mainly from England but including some from nine other countries. Only 16 isolates were resistant; three were fast-even and 13 were slow-feathery. All were collected in England since 1981, suggesting that resistance has been rare until recently. Resistance was not a feature of R-type isolates collected before 1981. The increase in the proportion of resistant isolates since 1981 appears to have coincided with an increase in the proportion of R-type isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1985.tb01375.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field performance of Rendezvous, a wheat cultivar with resistance to eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) derived from Aegilops ventricosa (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 37 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Rendezvous is a new cultivar of winter wheat with potent eyespot resistance derived from Aegilops ventricosa. In 11 field experiments conducted over 6 years with both natural and artificial inoculum, Rendezvous was significantly more resistant than other commercial wheat cultivars, many of which have resistance derived from Cappelle-Desprez. It was also more resistant than its parent VPM 1, the donor of the potent eyespot resistance, suggesting that it possesses resistance genes from both Ae. ventricosa and Cappelle-Desprez.In severe eyespot epidemics, Rendezvous lodged less and had a greater mean yield than the moderately resistant cultivar Norman. Treatment with fungicide reduced disease and increased yield in both cultivars, so that they were equal in yield. Rendezvous should not need routine fungicidal treatment for eyespot control, but under exceptional disease pressure may benefit from treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02070.x
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