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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodissociation spectroscopy of Ca+(C2H4) (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 6583-6589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied Ca+(C2H4) by photodissociation spectroscopy in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer over the spectral range 440–790 nm. Ca+ is the only photofragment observed. We find four absorption bands of the complex and assign them to metal-centered transitions correlating with excitation of Ca+(3d and 4p). Spectral assignment is supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations of the complex and isotope substitution experiments. Calculations find a weakly bound ground state equilibrium structure with C2V π-bonding geometry and a dissociation energy of De″=0.506 eV. Theoretical and experimental results show the 4pπ(2 2B2 & 2 2B1) excited states to be relatively weakly bound at long range. Spectral analysis gives vibrational constants for the Ca+--C2H4 intermolecular a1-stretch in the 1 2A1, 2 2B1, and 2 2B2 states, and for the CH2–CH2 a1-wag and the HCH a1-bend in 2 2B2. The results offer an interesting comparison with previous studies of similar weakly bound bimolecular complexes of light metal ions with alkene or alkane hydrocarbons. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481231
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of plasma working fluids for compression by liner implosions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3769-3776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Research on the formation of a hot hydrogen working fluid, which may be used in multiple concentric solid-density liner implosions, is reported. In such implosions, an axisymmetric outer liner is driven by a multi-megamp axial discharge, and a coaxial inner liner is driven by a working fluid contained between the liners. The fluid is shocklessly compressed to high pressure as the outer liner implodes around it. In the work reported here a 10 to 100 Torr pressure, hydrogen filled coaxial gun discharge was used to inject plasma into a diagnostic chamber simulating an interliner volume. Spectroscopically determined electron densities of between 1017 and 1018 cm−3 and electron temperatures in the 0.5–2.0 eV range were obtained with a fair degree of reproducibility and symmetry. Two-dimensional, time-dependent magnetohydrodyna- mic computer simulations of the working fluid formation experiment have been performed, and the computations suggest that the present experiment achieves electron number densities and temperatures at the lower extreme of these limits, and neutral densities ∼ 0.3–1.0 ×1019 cm−3. The simulations further suggest that the upper range, and beyond, can be achieved in a more energetic version of the present experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356051
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compact toroid formation, compression, and acceleration (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 2938-2958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Research on forming, compressing, and accelerating milligram-range compact toroids using a meter diameter, two-stage, puffed gas, magnetic field embedded coaxial plasma gun is described. The compact toroids that are studied are similar to spheromaks, but they are threaded by an inner conductor. This research effort, named marauder (Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-high Directed Energy and Radiation), is not a magnetic confinement fusion program like most spheromak efforts. Rather, the ultimate goal of the present program is to compress toroids to high mass density and magnetic field intensity, and to accelerate the toroids to high speed. There are a variety of applications for compressed, accelerated toroids including fast opening switches, x-radiation production, radio frequency (rf) compression, as well as charge-neutral ion beam and inertial confinement fusion studies. Experiments performed to date to form and accelerate toroids have been diagnosed with magnetic probe arrays, laser interferometry, time and space resolved optical spectroscopy, and fast photography. Parts of the experiment have been designed by, and experimental results are interpreted with, the help of two-dimensional (2-D), time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations. When not driven by a second discharge, the toroids relax to a Woltjer–Taylor equilibrium state that compares favorably to the results of 2-D equilibrium calculations and to 2-D time-dependent MHD simulations. Current, voltage, and magnetic probe data from toroids that are driven by an acceleration discharge are compared to 2-D MHD and to circuit solver/slug model predictions. Results suggest that compact toroids are formed in 7–15 μsec, and can be accelerated intact with material species the same as injected gas species and entrained mass ≥1/2 the injected mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860681
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  • 4
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    THE PUBLIC SCHOOL AND THE CHURCH (1910)
    New Haven, Conn., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Religious Education. 5:1 (1910:Apr.) 37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-4087
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:3226-1910-005-01-000004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1987)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 21 (1987), S. 126-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287287
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1983)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 17 (1983), S. 94-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287478
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral status of beef cattle in Papua New Guinea (1986)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 18 (1986), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des groupes de 22 bouvillons ont été observés pendant un an au pâturage dans huit environnements divers de Papousie, Nouvelle Guinée. Les teneurs en hémoglobine, culot cellulaire sanguin, MCHC, albumine plasmatique, calcium, magnésium, phosphore, zinc, cuivre, sodium et potassium salivaire ont été mesurés. Une déficience en cobalt a été expérimentalement diagnostiquée sur deux sites, une déficience en sodium sur cinq sites et une en phosphore sur trois sites, étant marginale sur deux autres sites. Une supplémentation en sodium sur les trois sites les plus touchés a corrigé le profil minéral et permis d’augmenter la croissance. De plus, sur deux autres sites, la concentration plasmatique a été portée à des taux plus normaux, vraisemblablement par suite d’une augmentation de l’appétit. Des différences statistiquement significatives relatives aux concentrations en autres minéraux entre les taux de croissance. La signification de ces résultats est discutée en relation avec le profil métabolique minéral chez le bétail à l’engrais.
    Abstract: Resumen Un grupo de 22 novillos pastorearon ocho ambientes diferentes en Pápua, Nueva Guinea, durante un año. Se midieron diferentes parámetros tales como hemoglobina, volumen corpuscular, concentración media de hemoglobina, albúmina plasmática, calcio, magnesio, fósforo, zinc, cobre, sodio y potásio salivar. La mitad de cada grupo recibió cobalto como suplemento. Se midió la rata de crecimiento. Se diagnosticaron tentativamente deficiencias de cobalto en dos sitios, deficiencias de sodio en cinco lugares y de fósforo en tres, con otros dos sitios revelando deficiencias marginales del mismo elemento. La suplementación de sodio en los tres sitios afectados fue eficiente, aumentando la rata de crecimiento. Adicionalmente, en dos de estos sitios, las concentraciones de fósforo plasmático aumentaron, posiblemente debido al incremento del apetito. Se presentaron diferencias estadisticas significativas entre sitios en la concentración de otros minerales pero éstas no tuvieron relación con la rata de crecimiento. Se discute el significado de estos resultados con relació al estado mineral de ganado destinado a la producción de carne.
    Notes: Summary Groups of 22 steers grazed eight diverse environments in Papua New Guinea for one year. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, MCHC, plasma albumen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and saliva sodium and potassium were measured; half of each group received cobalt supplements. Growth rate was measured. Cobalt deficiency was tentatively diagnosed at two sites, sodium deficiency at five sites and phosphorus at three with two other sites marginal. Sodium supplementation at the three most affected sites corrected sodium status and increased growth rate. Additionally, at two of these sites plasma phosphorus concentration increased to more normal levels presumably due to increased appetite. Statistically significant differences between sites occurred in the concentrations of other minerals but were not related to growth rates. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to assessment of mineral status in beef cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359655
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic heat load during pregnancy on birth weight, behaviour and body composition of Australian feral goat kids (1986)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 18 (1986), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Six chèvres en liberté maintenues à des températures ambiantes élevées (27°2–34°8) pendant la seconde partie de leur gestation ont présenté des températures reactales (Tr) de 0°4 supérieures à celles de 10 chèvres non stressées. Les porteuses de jumeaux stressées par la température ont 0°15 de plus que les uniporteuses et ont des agneaux plus légers (1,70 kg) que les non stressées (2,24 kg); les uniporteuses sont moins affectées (2,22 kg contre 2,28 kg). Le poids à la naissance présente une plus forte corrélation (p〉0,001) avec la Tr journalière minimum de la mère qu’avec la Tr moyenne ou maximum. Les chevreaux nés de mères soumises à la chaleur se relèvent et commencent à téter aussi vite que les chevreaux contrôlés mais pendant les six premières heures ont des performances significativement inférieures (p〉0,01) au plan de l’activité générale. Il n’y a pas de différences significatives pour le contenu corporel en azote, en graisses et en cendres, ni, lorsque l’on prend en compte le poids à la naissance, le poids de la peau, du système nerveux central et du foie.
    Abstract: Resumen Seis cabritillos salvajes mantenidos a temperature elevada (27.2°–34.8°), durante la última mitad de la preñez, tuvieron temperaturas rectales 0.4° superiores, a las de 10 cabritillos controles, mantenidos sin el estrés del calor. Los cabritillos nacidos de madres bajo el estrés del calor, mellizos, tenían 0.15° por encima de los no mellizos y fueron más livianos (1.70 kg), que los mellizos nacidos de madres no sometídas a estrés (2.24 kg); mientras los no mellizos fueron menos afectados en relación al peso (2.22 kg versus 2.28 kg). Los pesos al nacer, tuvieron una alta correlación (p〈0.001) con la temperatura rectal mínima diaria de la madre, más que con la media o con la temperatura máxima. Los cabritillos nacidos de madres estresadas, se pararon y empezaron a mamar tan pronto como los controles, pero durante las primeras seis horas, fueron significativamente menos activos (p〈0.001) que los controles. No se presentaron diferencias significativas, en el contenido corporal de nitrógeno, grasa y cenizas entre unos y otros, cuando se tomó en cuenta el peso al nacer, así come tambien el peso de los cueros, sistema nervioso central e hígado.
    Notes: Summary Six feral does maintained at elevated ambient temperatures (27·2°–34·8°) for the last half of pregnancy had rectal temperatures (Tr) elevated by 0·4° above 10 unstressed does. Heat-stressed twin-bearers were 0·15° hotter than single-bearers and bore lighter kids (1·70 kg), than unstressed does (2·24 kg) while single were less affected (2·22 kg versus 2·28 kg). Birth weight was more highly correlated (P〈0·001) with the daily minimum Tr of the dam than with the mean or maximum Tr. Kids from heated does stood and began sucking as quickly as control kids but during the first six hours scored significantly (P〈0·01) lower on a scale of general activity. There were no significant differences in body content of nitrogen, fat and ash or, when birth weight was considered, weight of hide, CNS and liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359533
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium deficiency of grazing cattle in Papua New Guinea (1986)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 18 (1986), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une carence en sodium a été suspectée en raison de faibles concentrations en sodium dans la salive de bovins paissant à divers endroits dans les plaines de Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée. Dans une expérience conduite à Erap, Province de Morobe, des génisses métissées et de pédigré Brahman recevant un complément de cuivre, cobalt et/ou de sel ordinaire n’ont pas réagi à la complémentation en cuivre ou cobalt. La complémentation en sel a entrainé une réponse de croissance significative (P〈0,01) sur une période de 16 semaines, confirmant par là la carence en sodium chez ces animaux, avec une réponse deux fois plus importante chez les métisses que les animaux de race pure. Les animaux métissés recevant un complément ont eu un gain de poids de 0,78 kg par jour pendant la période expérimentale de 16 semaines.
    Abstract: Resumen Se sospechó deficiencia de sodio al encontrar valores bajos de este elemento, en la saliva de bovinos que pastoreaban sitios bajos en Pápua. En un experimento en Erap, Provincia de Morobe, novillos Brahman puros y cruzados suplementados con cobre, cobalto y/o sal comun, no mostraron respuesta al cobre o al cobalto. Hubo respuesta significative (P〈0·01) a la suplementación con sal en un período de 16 semanas, confirmando así la deficiencia de sodio en estos animales, con major respuesta en los cruces que en los Brahman puros. Los primeros aumentaron 0·78 kg/dia durante el período experimental de 16 semanas.
    Notes: Summary Sodium deficiency was suspected from low saliva sodium concentrations in cattle at various sites in the lowlands of Papua New Guinea. In an experiment at Erap, Morobe Province crossbred and pedigree Brahman heifers supplemented with copper, cobalt and/or common salt showed no response to copper or cobalt supplementation. There was a significant growth response (P〈0·01) to salt supplementation over a 16 week period confirming sodium deficiency in these animals. The response in the crossbreds was twice that in the purebreds. Supplemented crossbred animals grew 0·78 kg/day over the 16 week experimental period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359529
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity ofLeucaena leucocephala for steers in the wet tropics (1981)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 13 (1981), S. 94-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des bouvillons métis Brahman ont pâturéLeucaena leucocephala (c v Peru) 0, 1/2, 1 1/2, 2 1/2, 3 1/2, 4 1/2, 5 1/2 ou 6 1/2 jours par semaine, et le reste du tempsCenchrus ciliaris pendant au moins 50 semaines. Les animaux n'ayant pâturé queCenchrus ciliaris ouLeucaena pendant une demi journée par semaine ont grossi plus rapidement que ceux des autres groupes durant la saison humide (0,75 kg/jour), mais non en saison sèche (0,44 kg/jour), avec des concentrations normales de thyroxine dans le sang. Tous les autres groupes ont grossi plus lentement, avec réduction de la thyroxine dans le sang, des carcasses plus grasses, avec quelques cas d'alopecie, de salivation excessive et de goitres; un bouvillon est mort. Les faibles croissances observées durant la saison des pluies (0,44 kg/jour) ont surtout été le fait des animaux pâturantLeucaena pendant 2 1/2, 3 1/2 et 4 1/2 jours quoique les signes les plus importants de toxicité soient intervenus chez les animaux nourris auLeucaena pendant 4 1/2, 5 1/2 ou 6 1/2 jours. Les fréquentes observations concernant la toxicité duLeucaena lorsqu'il est pâturé, après irrigation ou en saison des pluies nécessitent des études complémentaires.
    Abstract: Resumen Grupos de novillos pringados de Cebú, pastorearonLeucaena leucocephala (cv Perú) durante 0, 1/2, 1 1/2, 2 1/2, 3 1/2, 4 1/2, 5 1/2 o 6 1/2 días por semana; el resto de días pastorearon Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). El experimento tuvo una duración de 50 semanas. Los novillos que pastorearon Buffel grass solamente oLeucaena por 1/2 día solamente, crecieron más rápido que los otros grupos durante la estación lluviosa (0.75 kg/día). En la estación seca este grupo de animales obtuvo ganancias de sólo 0.44 kg/día y los valores de tiroxina en la sangre fueron bajos. Los demás grupos crecieron menos rápido, tuvieron valores bajos de tiroxina en la sangre, canales grasosas al sacrificio y en algunos casos se presentó alopecía, salivación excessiva y bocio; un novillo murió. Las peores curvas de crecimiento se obtuvieron en la estación lluviosa (0.44 kg/día) en los grupos que pastorearonLeucaena durante 2 1/2, 3 1/2 y 4 1/2 días, aunque la toxicidad fue más notoria en los grupos que pastorearonLeucaena durante 4 1/2, 5 1/2 o 6 1/2 días. Las observaciones frecuentes de toxicidad en ganado que pastoreaLeucaena irrigada o en condiciones tropicales húmedas, sugieren la necesidad de estudios más profundos de esta leguminosa forrajera.
    Notes: Summary Brahman crossbred steers grazedLeucaena leucocephala (cv Peru) for 0, 1/2, 1 1/2, 2 1/2, 3 1/2, 4 1/2, 5 1/2 or 6 1/2 days per week grazing Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) for the 1 1/2, remainder, for at least 50 weeks. Animals grazing Buffel grass only orLeucaena for 1/2 day only grew faster than all other groups in the wet season (0.75 kg/day) but not in the dry season (0.44 kg/day) and had normal thyroxine concentrations in blood. All other groups grew more slowly, had reduced blood thyroxine, fatter carcasses and in some cases showed alopecia, excessive salivation and goitre; 1 steer died. Poorest growth rates in the wet season (0.44 kg/day) were achieved with 2 1/2, 3 1/2 and 4 1/2 days of grazingLeucaena although the greatest incidence of toxic signs occurred with 4 1/2, 5 1/2 or 6 1/2 days ofLeucaena. The frequent observation of toxicity ofLeucaena when grazed by cattle under irrigated or wet tropical conditions suggests that its use as a browse legume under these conditions needs further examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237899
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