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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion ; cerebral blood flow ; cerebral glucose metabolism ; MK-801
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the time course change of local cerebral blood flow (1CBF) and local cerebral glucose metabolism (1CGM) and the effect of MK-801 (dizocilpine), an NMDA receptor antagonist on glucose metabolism in a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model,14C-Iodo-antipyrine and14C-Deoxyglucose autoradiographic method have been used. The 1CBF was reduced to 0–10% of the control level in the ischaemic core and to 12–40% in the ischaemic penumbra between 60 and 120 min after the onset of the ischaemia. In the ischaemic core, the marked hyperfusion appeared at 15 min and maintained about 30 to 45 min following reperfusion. In the ischaemic penumbra, the hyperfusion during reperfusion was not found. Hypermetabolism occurred at 30 min and reached to the peak at 60 min after the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion both in the ischaemic core and in the penumbra. The shift from hyper- to hypometabolism was observed during the ischaemia. The reperfusion following 2 hours of MCA occlusion facilitated the decrease of cerebral glucose metabolism in the ischaemic region. The pretreatment of MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) inhibited both increased glucose metabolism during the ischaemia and decreased glucose metabolism during the reperfusion. The effect of limiting decreased glucose metabolism during the reperfusion by MK-801 was remarkable in the ischaemic penumbra. These findings support the hypothesis that excitation-induced hypermetabolism play a major role in the ischaemic insult following focal cerebral vascular occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula ; dural arteriovenous malformation ; spontaneous regression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-six cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas were followed up for periods ranging between 4 months and 9 years 8 months. A complete regression of symptoms without reappearance for more than 6 months was noted in 19 cases, a marked improvement in 2 cases, and a moderate regression in 3 cases. In 2 cases, symptoms have continued for 9 years 8 months and for 1 year. The regression of symptoms was usually delayed in patients less than 60 years old, in cases in which the symptoms developed slowly, and in cases with multiple draining veins. According to our observations a regression of symptoms may occur after very slight changes of haemodynamics. Compression of the cervical carotid artery for a short time or a temporary occlusion of the carotid artery by a balloon catheter should be considered as the treatment of choice in the first instance in cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas showing relatively low pressure and low flow shunt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 165 (1989), S. 728-734 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] ABTS; 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ; [abr] BSA; bovine serum albumin ; [abr] ELISA; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; [abr] HPLC; high performance liquid chromatography ; [abr] HRP; horseradish peroxidase ; [abr] IL-6; interleukin-6 ; [abr] MTT; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ; [abr] PBS; phosphate buffered saline ; [abr] hrIL-6; human recombinant interleukin-6
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 165 (1989), S. 728-734 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] ABTS; 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ; [abr] BSA; bovine serum albumin ; [abr] ELISA; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; [abr] HPLC; high performance liquid chromatography ; [abr] HRP; horseradish peroxidase ; [abr] IL-6; interleukin-6 ; [abr] MTT; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ; [abr] PBS; phosphate buffered saline ; [abr] hrIL-6; human recombinant interleukin-6
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 48-49 (1991), S. 502-508 
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 188-191 
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Group intervention ; Breast cancer ; Coping style
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of a structured group intervention program for Japanese patients with breast cancer. Methods. Fifty-seven patients with breast cancer participated in this program. The scores for the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Dealing with Illness Inventory were compared before and after intervention. As 5 patients failed to complete the program and 5 did not complete the inventories, the results for 47 patients were analyzed. As intravenous chemotherapy was presumed to cause severe distress, 7 patients who received this treatment during the period covered by the sessions were excluded. The scores of the remaining 40 patients were compared. Results. In the 40 patients, there were significant differences between the before and after intervention scores for Depression, Lack-of-Vigor, Tension-Anxiety, Confusion, and Total Mood Disturbances. Scores for coping strategies and methods, such as passive–resignation, cognitive–passive/ruminative, and avoidance were decreased, as expected; however, scores for active–expressive/information-seeking, and active–reliance on others were, unexpectedly, decreased. Conclusion. This study demonstrated the short-term effectiveness of structured interventions for Japanese patients with breast cancer, especially in alleviating psychological distress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) ; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) ; Advance directives ; Euthanasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate physicians' perspectives on do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders at Tokai University hospital, where a euthanasia-like accident occurred several years ago. Methods. A "questionnaire on DNR orders" survey was administered to physicians and the anonymous answers were collected 2 weeks later. Results. Answers were received from 150 of the 400 physicians (37.5%) (surveyed from every department), and revealed that more than 90% of the physicians felt that DNRs were occasionally necessary and that more than 60% of the physicians stated that they had performed DNR. Only 14% of the physicians answered that the patient's consent would be indispensable, and 78% stated that the patient's family and the physician could decide on DNR without the patient's consent being given. Only half of the physicians stated that they regarded it as necessary that DNR order sheets be established hospital policy, and more than 20% of the physicians stated that such an order sheet would not be necessary. Conclusion. There is, in fact, a tacit understanding regarding DNR between physicians and patients/families in medical practice in Japan. However, DNR orders constitute definite medical decisions and procedures. Therefore, such orders should be clearly stated in a standardized format, although such procedures do not seem to be acceptable in the context of the Japanese traditional value system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Cancer ; Fatigue ; Depression ; Symptom management ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in cancer patients. However, the precise causes of this fatigue are still unknown, and this situation makes it difficult to combat the problem. The present study was conducted to investigate factors correlated with fatigue in disease-free breast cancer patients. A group of 134 randomly selected ambulatory breast cancer patients who had undergone successful surgical treatment participated. They completed the Cancer Fatigue Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, and an ad hoc questionnaire detailing physical symptoms, social support, and demographic variables at home and returned them by mail the following day. Multiple regression analysis revealed that fatigue was significantly correlated with dyspnea, insufficient sleep, and depression, and that these three variables accounted for a total of 46% of variance in fatigue. Factors concerned with the cancer and treatment, such as disease stage, lymph node metastasis, number of days since operation, past intravenous chemotherapy, radiotherapy, current use of fluoropyrimidine compounds, and current use of tamoxifen citrate were not correlated with fatigue. The results suggest that fatigue in this population is determined by current physical and psychological distress rather than by the cancer itself and prior cancer treatments, and that the management of dyspnea, insomnia, and depression might be important in reducing fatigue in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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