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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exon duplication and triplication in the human T-cell receptor gamma constant region genes and RFLP in French, Lebanese, Tunisian, and Black African populations (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 30 (1989), S. 148-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421548
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human T-cell receptor gamma variable pseudogene V10 is a distinctive marker of human speciation (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 196-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The V10 variable gene of the human T-cell receptor gamma locus (TCRG-V10), the only member of the subgroup III, has a structural defect which inhibits the splicing of the leader intron. We show that there is a single point mutation in the V10 leader donor splice site responsible for this situation and that this mutation is found in the different populations tested, indicating that V10 corresponds to a pseudogene in humans. We restored the splice site by mutagenesis and obtained correct splicing in vitro. Analysis of the V10 germline gene in different primates reveals functional splice sites in the closest human apes, the chimpanzee and the gorilla. The splice competence of TCRG-V10 in higher primates was addressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from chimpanzee by specific cDNA amplification, and correct splicing of the TCRG-V10 leader intron was found as well as a majority of in frame rearrangements involving only the TCRG-J1 or J2 segments. These results suggest that V10+γ /δ T cells may represent an important subset in the non-human higher primates, contrary to the situation observed in the human.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587300
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carrier-Mediated Release, Transport Rates, and Charge Transfer Induced by Amphetamine, Tyramine, and Dopamine in Mammalian Cells Transfected with the Human Dopamine Transporter (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Amphetamine and related substances induce dopamine release. According to a traditional explanation, this dopamine release occurs in exchange for amphetamine by means of the dopamine transporter (DAT). We tested this hypothesis in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably transfected with the human DAT by measuring the uptake of dopamine, tyramine, and d- and l-amphetamine as well as substrate-induced release of preloaded N-methyl-4-[3H]phenylpyridinium ([3H]MPP+). The uptake of substrates was sodium-dependent and was inhibited by ouabain and cocaine, which also prevented substrate-induced release of MPP+. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that all four substrates elicited voltage-dependent inward currents (on top of constitutive leak currents) that were prevented by cocaine. Whereas individual substrates had similar affinities in release, uptake, and patch-clamp experiments, maximal effects displayed remarkable differences. Hence, maximal effects in release and current induction were ∼25% higher for d-amphetamine as compared with the other substrates. By contrast, dopamine was the most efficacious substrate in uptake experiments, with its maximal initial uptake rate exceeding those of amphetamine and tyramine by factors of 20 and 4, respectively. Our experiments indicate a poor correlation between substrate-induced release and the transport of substrates, whereas the ability of substrates to induce currents correlates well with their releasing action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71031289.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A gamma 3 hinge region probe: first specific human immunoglobulin subclass probe
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 208 (1986), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(86)81022-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearrangements to the JP1, JP and JP2 segments in the human T-cell rearranging gamma gene (TRGγ) locus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 224 (1987), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Leukaemia ; Lymphocyte ; Lymphoma ; Rearrangement ; T-cell ; γ-Chain
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(87)80472-6
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of calcium currents via α2-adrenoceptors in embryonic chick sympathetic neurons (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 344 (1991), S. 382-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Chick sympathetic neurons ; Ca2+ currents ; α2-adrenoceptors ; Patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to gain insight into the mechanism of the autoinhibition of noradrenaline release, the present study explores the effects of substances acting at various adrenoceptor-subtypes on voltage-activated Ca 2+ currents. Experiments were carried out on cultured embryonic chick sympathetic neurons using the patch clamp technique. Ca2+ currents associated with a (fully activating) depolarizing 150 ms voltage step to 0 mV were reduced by noradrenaline and the two a2-adrenoceptor agonists UK 14,304 and clonidine, predominantly during the early phase of activation. We quantified these effects by measuring Ca2+ current amplitudes in the absence and presence of substances 10 ms after the beginning of the depolarization. Noradrenaline effects were maximal at 5 µmol/l, causing a 28% depression of the current. Half-maximal effects (IC50) were apparent at 0.7 µmol/l. UK 14,304 was equipotent to noradrenaline (IC50: 0.5 µmol/l; maximal effect: 26% depression). Clonidine, while active in the same range of concentration (IC50: 0.6 µmol/l), had a smaller maximal effect (20% depression). Methoxamine and isoprenaline, on the other hand, did not significantly reduce the Ca 2+ current at 10 µmol/l. The noradrenaline-induced inhibition was attenuated by yohimbine (1 µmol/I). Neither prazosin (1 µmol/l) nor propranolol (1 µmol/l) interfered with the effect of noradrenaline. These results indicate a reduction of Ca 2+ influx via α2-adrenoceptors and suggest that the autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of transmitter release in embryonic chick sympathetic neurons operates through the modulation of Ca2+ channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmic activity in the cerebellum and spinal cord of rabbits receiving tetanus toxin intravenously (1981)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 317 (1981), S. 51-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetanus ; Toxin ; Cerebellum ; Spinal cord ; Motoneuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In rabbits intravenously injected with tetanus toxin (2×105 mouse LD50), a rhythmic electrical activity was recorded in the cerebellum and in the spinal cord. 2. The motor system appears to be strongly involved in this event, since the ventral roots displayed rhythmic activity correlated to the spinal cord rhythm. Extracellular recordings showed the same rhythmic discharge pattern in many alpha- and gamma-motoneurons and Renshaw cells of hindlimb flexor and extensor muscles. 3. Upon high spinalization at C1, the rhythm could be recorded in the cerebellum but no longer in the spinal cord. Cooling of the cerebellar surface suppressed the rhythm in both structures. 4. The data are discussed under the current view, that generalized tetanus is a special form of local tetanus. 5. We suggest that the rhythmic activity is of supraspinal origin and is transmitted to alpha- and gamma-motoneurons of both the flexor and extensor motor systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506256
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pertussis toxin abolishes the inhibition of Ca2+ currents and of noradrenaline release via α2-adrenoceptors in chick sympathetic neurons (1992)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 345 (1992), S. 606-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Chick sympathetic neurons ; α2-Adrenoceptors ; Pertussis toxin ; Ca2+ currents ; H-noradrenaline release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists on whole-cell Ca2+ currents and 3H-noradrenaline release were investigated by applying the patch-clamp technique and electrical field stimulation to cultured embryonic chick sympathetic neurons. A 24-h exposure of the sympathetic neurons to pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) abolished both the α2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of Ca 2+ currents and the modulation of noradrenaline release caused by noradrenaline (1 μmol/l; in the presence of 10 μmol/l cocaine) or the α2-adrenoceptor agonists 5-bromo-6-(2imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline (UK 14,304, 10 μmol/ l) and clonidine (10 μmol/l). These results suggest that the α2-autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release from chick sympathetic neurons operates through the modulation of Ca2+ channels via pertussistoxin-sensitive GTP-binding-proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168956
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug-induced rhythmic burst activity of cerebellar neurons (1984)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 326 (1984), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pentobarbital ; Benzodiazepine derivatives ; Cerebellar Purkinje cell ; Interposed nucleus cell ; Discharge pattern ; Rabbit ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The discharge of cerebellar neurons was investigated in the rabbit and the rat under the influence of pentobarbital, diazepam or medazepam. In the rabbit, these drugs are known to induce a rhythm ranging between 4 and 25 Hz in the red nucleus (RN) and the cerebellum (Cb). Purkinje cells (P cells) in the intermediate zone of the cerebellar cortex as well as neurons of the interposed nucleus (IPN) were found to discharge with burst patterns fully synchronized with the drug-induced RN rhythm. In contrast, P cells in the medial cerebellar zone responded to these drugs only with changes in their discharge rate. Since P cells of the intermediate longitudinal zone project to the RN mainly via the IPN, the present findings complement our previous results, indicating that the rhythmic electrical activity in the RN is initiated by the cerebellum. The three drugs had similar effects on the activity of cerebellar units in the rabbit and the rat. The investigation also shows that, in spite of the uniform morphological structure of the cerebellar cortex, P cells do not respond uniformly to a given drug: the diversity of findings published on the P cell response to barbiturates or benzodiazepine derivatives may be explained by differences in the recording sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505323
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrically evoked noradrenaline release from cultured chick sympathetic neurons: modulation via presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors and lack of autoinhibition (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 344 (1991), S. 130-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Chick sympathetic neurons ; Electrical field stimulation ; Noradrenaline release ; Presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sympathetic neurons from twelve day old chick embryos were plated on polystyrol discs and kept in culture for five days. After incubation with 3H-noradrenaline the discs were transferred to small chambers and superfused. Electrical field stimulation (36 pulses at 3 Hz) increased the outflow of tritium. The evoked overflow of tritium was abolished in the absence of extracellular calcium and was diminished by about 90% in the presence of tetrodotoxin (1 μmol/l). The α2-adrenoceptor agonist 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline (UK-14,304) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in overflow, whereas the α1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine was ineffective at up to 1 μmol/l. The concentration-response curve of UK-14,304 was shifted to the right by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (0.03 μmol/l). Yohimbine on its own caused no significant change. The noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor cocaine (10 μmol/l) caused a small (20%) increase in evoked overflow. The results indicate that cultured chick sympathetic neurons possess release-modulating α2-adrenoceptors and that the electrically induced overflow of transmitter occurs under conditions virtually free of autoinhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167393
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