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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mononuclear cell infiltrate and HLA-DR expression in low grade astrocytomas (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocyte ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens ; Cellular immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen samples from 23 low grade (grade I and II) astrocytomas were studied by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to macrophages, lymphocytes (and their subsets) and HLA-DR antigens. Macrophages were present in low to moderate numbers in 38%–86% of cases, the variance in figures depending on the antibody used. T lymphocytes, the majority of CD8 phenotype, were detected in low numbers in 78% of tumours. B lymphocytes were scanty in 22% (5/22) and totally absent in the remaining cases. HLA-DR antigen was expressed by tumour cells in 35% (6/17) of cases. These findings indicate that in some low grade astrocytomas there is a mononuclear cell infiltrate with macrophages and secondarily CD8+lymphocytes playing the major role. The significance of these findings remains speculative at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687776
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medulloblastoma (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Immunohistology ; Primitive neuroectodermal tumour ; Brain tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty paraffin-embedded medulloblastomas (31 in children and 19 in adults) were reacted with a panel of ten antibodies to glial, neuronal, mesodermal and epithelial antigens. The tumours were divided according to their histological features into three groups: classic, desmoplastic and highly vascular. Reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein was observed in 20 cases. Forty tumours reacted with PGP9.5 (neuronal marker) in clusters of poorly differentiated cells, cell cords and some scattered cells. Cells forming rosettes were mostly negative except for slight central reactivity. Eight of the 40 tumours contained neurofilaments. In scattered cells somatic reactivity for vimentin was found in 14 tumours. Ten cases showed positivity for S-100 with a nuclear and perinuclear pattern. No difference in reactivity in relation with age was observed. Desmoplastic medulloblastomas showed less reactivity for glial and neural markers. It was concluded that medulloblastoma shows degrees of differentiation as evidenced by the expression of various proteins. Differentiation occurs along two lines: glial and/or neuronal. Most tumours also contain a component of poorly differentiated cells which may differentiate into one of these two lines or act as primarily stem cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294380
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological study of mononuclear cell infiltrate in malignant gliomas (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioma ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Cellular immunity ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty-five malignant gliomas (astrocytomas grade 3 and 4 and glioblastomas) were examined by means of immunoperoxidase staining on frozen tissue using various monoclonal antibodies directed against macrophages, lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Depending on the antibody used, the presence of macrophages in tumours ranged from 85%–100%. Many of the tumours contained substantial numbers of macrophages not only, as expected, in necrotic areas but also in intact tumour tissue. Eighty-nine percent of 39 tumours tested contained Fc receptorbearing mononuclear cells in viable tumour. In 100% of 44 tumours tested for HLADR class 2 major histocompatibility complex antigen this antigen was detected in the macrophages. In 40% of these 44 cases, HLADR antigen was also present on the tumour cells. Eighty-eight percent of 53 tumours tested contained T cells in viable tumour and the majority of these cells were T cytotoxic/suppressor (T8). Twenty-four percent of 33 tumours contained no T helper/inducer (T4) lymphocytes and in the other 76% there were few positive cells. Only 9% of 21 tumours contained natural killer cells (NK). B cells were absent from 88% of 61 tumours and almost all of the remainder contained only a small number of B cells. The findings are discussed with reference to a possible host immune response to gliomas and relevant literature is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688191
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mononuclear cell infiltrate compared with survival in high-grade astrocytomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; Macrophage ; Lymphocyte ; Mononuclear cells ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen samples from 92 malignant astrocytomas were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against macrophages and lymphocytes. A follow-up to death was available on 68 cases which form the basis of this study. Large numbers of macrophages were found in all cases; T lymphocytes, mostly of the CD8 phenotype were also seen in moderate numbers in 70% of cases. CD4-positive cells were present in small numbers in 32% and B cells were seen in only 8% of cases. Analysis of the survival showed no demonstrable correlation between the numbers of macrophages or CD4 lymphocytes and survival. The survival curves for parencymal CD8 infiltration diverged after 9 months suggesting increased survival for those patients without such an infiltration but the difference failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.37). No correlation between lymphocytic cuffing and survival was seen after studying all paraffinembedded material. We conclude that there is no significant statistical correlation between survival and the various types of mononuclear cell infiltrating malignant astrocytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelets in the subarachnoid space (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 89 (1987), S. 64-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In nine baboons following intracisternal injection of a suspension of their own washed platelets, biphasic spasm was demonstrated by vertebral angiography. Constriction of the intra-arachnoid portion of the vertebral artery and the basilar artery was severe 10 minutes after the platelet injection, had begun to relax after one hour, but had returned on day 2 or 3. It persisted for about 8 days. The animals showed clinical evidence of neurological damage. At autopsy the vertebral and basilar arteries showed stripping of the endothelium, with adherent platelets, protein and other cells. There was blockage of some small branches. The brains showed ischaemic changes. The clinical phenomenon of spasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage was thus fairly closely modelled by the injection of platelets alone. There was some evidence that 5HT was probably not responsible for the delayed phase of spasm. Some suggestions are made about the mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406669
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choroid plexus papillomas: an immunohistological study of 16 cases (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 15 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eleven benign and five malignant choroid plexus papillomas in children and adults were studied immunohistologically with a panel of antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, vimentin, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen and two different cytokeratins (LP34 and CAM 5.2). Glial fibrillary acidic protein was focally present in epithelial tumour cells, in cells within solid areas and in clusters of cells within the stroma. S-100 protein was diffusely present in tumour cells with focal accentuation. Vimentin was present in all cases, the epithelial tumour cells demonstrating strong and diffuse positivity with perinuclear accentuation; malignant tumours, however, showed stronger positivity than benign ones. Desmin was negative in all tumours. Epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin (LP34) were demonstrated in four of five malignant tumours but were absent in the benign ones; CAM 5.2 reacted with four of five malignant tumours and also reacted with eight of the 11 benign ones. The significance of these findings is discussed in respect of the ontogeny of these tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03041.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistological study of 66 ependymomas (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 13 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty-six ependymomas were examined immunohistologically to determine their distribution of glial fibrillary acidic proteins, S-100 protein and vimentin. The neoplasms were subdivided into four groups: (1) ependymomas from the cauda equina, predominantly of the myxopapillary type; (2) benign ependymomas; (3) malignant ependymomas; and (4) ependymoblastomas. Marked differences in antigen reactivity were observed between each group. The intensity of the reaction with the three antibodies was strongest in malignant ependymomas. Ependymomas from the cauda equina showed a patchy distribution of positivity for the three antigens in cells surrounding blood vessels but there was no staining of collagenous septa or the myxoid areas. In ependymoblastomas, the cells of the rosettes were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but there was focal positivity for vimentin and S-100. Other areas showed tumour cells containing moderate amounts of vimentin and small amounts of S-100, and a few bands of filaments positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The cytogenetic and biological implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02060.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomas Willis (1621–1675) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 151-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007800
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prion mystery. Prion diseases of humans and animals (1993). Edited by S. B. PRUSINER, J. COLLINGE, J. POWELL AND B. ANDERTON. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England. xxvi+583pp. $80.ISBN 0-13-720327-6 (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 16 (1994), S. 445-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950160614
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