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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 120 (1979), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Flexibacter sp. ; Stefan adhesion ; Temporary adhesion ; Gliding motility ; Extracellular slime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of Flexibacter BH3 to adhere to solid surfaces and to overcome the horizontal drag involved in gliding across the surfaces was considered in terms of the Stefan adhesion principle. The extracellular slime produced by Flexibacter BH3 was suitable as a Stefan adhesive because it exhibited viscous properties characteristic of a linear colloid, increasing the adhesiveness of the bacterium but allowing translational motion across the surface. The water-soluble slime was a glycoprotein, containing glucose, fucose, galactose and some uronic acid. Vesicles and tubules on the outer surface of Flexibacter BH3 possessed trilaminar membranes, contained 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), and showed identity with phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in gel-diffusion tests. Sections of Flexibacter BH3 gliding on a gold film overlaying an agar medium reveraled a highly convuluted cell envelope outer membrane, portions of which closely conformed to the microcontours of the gold surface. Possible mechanisms of gliding are discussed in relation to this close association with solid surface features, to the finding that flexibility and spiral motion are not essential for gliding, and to evidence revealing the extrusion of slime in advance of “pathfinder” bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Flexibacter sp. ; Gliding motility ; Dialysis microchamber ; Inhibitors ; Membrane potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Use of a dialysis microchamber has allowed continuous observations on the same set of gliding bacteria during changes in the composition of the perfused medium. This procedure has revealed the presence of an adaptive, cyanide-insensitive metabolic pathway, which allows cyanide-treated Flexibacter BH3 to begin gliding again at a reduced rate when glucose is the substrate. In addition, it has revealed that individual flexibacter cells can maintain their gliding motility for up to 20 h in the absence of exogenous substrate. Gliding in Flexibacter BH3 was prevented by those inhibitors blocking the electron transport process. Inhibitors of glucose metabolism did not prevent motility, since the flexibacters obviously metabolize endogenous substrate under such circumstances. Proton ionophores, which induce membrane depolarization, rapidly inhibited gliding in Flexibacter BH3. This inhibition was irreversible in the case of gramicidin S. Gliding was not inhibited by cytochalasin B or antiactin antibody. High concentrations of Ca2+ were particularly inhibitory to the gliding process. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to a possible mechanism of gliding involving the generation of rhythmical contractions in the outer cell membrane of Flexibacter BH3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Starving bacteria ; Surface response ; Surfactant response ; Microcalorimetry ; Cell volume ; Vibrio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine Vibrio DW1 exhibited a positive response in heat output to a dialysis membrane surface in the presence of substrate (100 mM sodium glutamate) and, more particularly, in the absence of exogenous substrate (starvation conditions). The latter result paralleled the previously reported decrease in cell volume and increase in oxygen consumption by starving bacteria at a similar surface. Modified Morita's salts (MMS) did not extract nutrients from the dialysis membrane, but an artificial seawater containing tris buffer (ASW-tris) did extract surface active and nutrient materials from the membrane. The ASW-tris membrane extract and a commercial surfactant, Tween 85, were found to mimic the effects of the dialysis membrane surface by inducing a decrease in cell volume, and an increasing oxygen consumption and heat output of Vibrio DW1 even in the bulk liquid. The significance of the adsorption of naturally occurring surfactants at surfaces in relation to the behaviour of bacteria at the surfaces is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 927-927 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In no case have we been successful in obtaining transformation, and an experience we had in our attempt to repeat Lange and Alexander's method points to what we believe to be a possible weakness in their evidence. In that case an aliquot of the crude clover polysaccharide, when plated directly on ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 149-151 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A DETAILED examination of the requirements of Rhizobium trifolii for magnesium and calcium1 correlates well with the results we have since obtained on the disposition of these elements in the cell wall and within the cell itself, under contrasting conditions of calcium deprivation and sufficiency2. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 1802-1802 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] One mgm. of beech xylan2 was hydrolysed in 0-2 ml. IN hydrochloric acid in a sealed tube at 100C. for 20 hr. Rhizobium gums were similarly hydrolysed in the proportion of 10 mgm. gum in 0-5 ml. IN hydrochloric acid. After evaporation to dryness in vacuo in the presence of potassium hydroxide, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 159 (1947), S. 374-374 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THERE is, as yet, relatively little information about the occurrence of individual enzymes in Protozoa. We have been successful in demonstrating the presence of a succinic dehydrogenase in homogenates of Paramecium caudatum. This has been done using a modified Cartesian diver respirometer of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 212-213 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We now have direct evidence, by atomic absorption analysis, that strontium, like calcium, is concentrated in the cell wall fraction. Methods of growth, preparation and ashing were as previously reported2, using calcium-free strontium chloride (0-5 mmolar) and magnesium chloride (0-5 mmolar) as the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current microbiology 6 (1981), S. 195-199 
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mesophilic marineVibrio DW1 increases in number and decreases rapidly in size within 5 h of exposure to starvation conditions. The decrease in cell size continues with further starvation, but is accompanied by a rapid decline in viability. Starvation-induced dwarfs show an enhanced rate of adhesion to siliconized glass surfaces, an effect that is related to the appearance of bridging polymer at the cell surface. It is suggested that the adhesive properties of dwarf forms may enhance their chance of survival in oligotrophic marine conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current microbiology 13 (1986), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The saprophyticLeptospira biflexa serovarpatoc 1 did not undergo a major reduction in size upon starvation, but starvation did result in greater adhesiveness of the leptospires. Adhesion may provide a strategy for survival of leptospires in oligotrophic habitats because these bacteria can scavenge fatty acids adsorbed at surfaces. Provision of an energy substrate (fetal calf serum) to starved cells resulted in an increase in cell size and motility and a decrease in adhesion of the leptospires. Glucose was not utilized as an energy source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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