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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perioral biting reflex and turning after intranigral injection of a GABA- or metenkephalin-agonist: Role of the thalamus and superior colliculus (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 438-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventromedial thalamus ; Superior colliculus ; Apomorphine ; Muscimol ; Metenkephalin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unilateral destruction of the ventromedial thalamus (VMT) with a radiofrequency lesion attenuated turning induced by injection of muscimol (40 ng/0.4 μl) but not of a metenkephalin-analogue (DAME; 2.5 μg/0.4 μl) into the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNR). Unilateral lesions in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC) attenuated both muscimol- and DAME-induced turning. Lesions in the DLSC but not in the VMT blocked the sensitization of the perioral biting reflex by injection of muscimol or DAME into the SNR on the same side of the lesion. When injected with apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) all rats with lesions turned ipsiversive to the lesion side and reacted to tactile stimulation of the perioral area on both sides with orienting towards and then biting into the stimulus probe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235274
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal changes in expression of mRNA for nerve growth factor and its receptors TrkA and LNGFR in brain of aged rats in relation to maze learning deficits (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Nerve growth factor ; Low-affinity NGF receptor ; Tyrosine receptor kinase ; Hippocampus ; Basal forebrain ; Caudate-putamen ; Learning ; Aging ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Quantitative in situ hybridization was used to examine the expression of mRNA for nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors, p140Trk (TrkA) and p75LNGFR (LNGFR), in different brain regions of adult (3-month-old) and aged (27-month-old) Wistar rats. The brain regions studied were hippocampus (dentate gyrus, CA3 region), basal forebrain (medial septum, diagonal band) and caudate-putamen. Prior to hybridization histochemistry behaviorally impaired as well as severely impaired animals were selected from a large group of old rats according to their performance in the Morris water maze. The impaired rats showed longer escape latencies and, thus, implicitly impaired performance in the place version of the task, but did not differ from adult controls on the platform crossing measure registered during the spatial probe trial. The severely impaired rats were significantly impaired on both measures, both in comparison with the adult animals and in comparison with the impaired aged rats. Inspection of the hippocampus revealed no age- or performance-related changes in NGF mRNA levels. The overall expression of TrkA mRNA in basal forebrain and caudate was found to be decreased in the impaired (–20%) as well as the severely impaired aged rats (–17%). A significant increase in p75LNGFR mRNA was found in the basal forebrain of the impaired rats in comparison with the severely impaired aged rats (+35%) and adult animals (+33%). These findings show that age-related maze performance deficits are accompanied by a decrease in basal forebrain and striatal TrkA mRNA expression. The increase in basal forebrain LNGFR mRNA levels observed in impaired, but not severely impaired, aged rats may reflect an early manifestation of processes underlying age-related cognitive deficits and may constitute a restorative and/or compensatory mechanism, since these rats displayed fewer deficits in navigation of the maze.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005629
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraventricular infusion of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine improves maze performance and has anxiolytic-like effects in aged hybrid Fischer 344×Brown Norway rats (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 128 (1999), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words H1 receptor ; Learning ; Memory ; Fear ; Anxiety ; Water maze ; Black-and-white exploration ; Neural plasticity ; Old rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In the present study we analyzed the effect of continuous intraventricular infusion of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist d-chlorpheniramine on the performance of 32-month-old Fischer 344/Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats in the place version of the Morris water maze and in two different tests of anxiety (open field and black-and-white exploration). Control groups included vehicle-infused old and adult (3-month-old) F1 hybrids. Chronic infusion of chlorpheniramine improved the maze performance of the old rats and reduced fear-related behaviors in the open field and black-and-white box. Furthermore, long-term administration of chlorpheniramine was found to diminish age-related deficits in motor capacities. The findings substantiate that histamine H1-receptive sites are involved in learning and fear-related processes and indicate that hypomnesia and hyperanxiety seen in the course of brain aging may be based, in part, on hyperactivation of the central histaminergic neuron system. Furthermore, the data contribute to the behavioral characterization of the Fischer 344/Brown Norway F1 hybrid rat in the context of behavioral gerontopharmacology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050866
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitation of learning after lesions of the tuberomammillary nucleus region in adult and aged rats (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 118 (1998), S. 447-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Posterior hypothalamus ; Histamine ; Memory ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The tuberomammillary nucleus (TM) located in the posterior part of the hypothalamus is the main source of neuronal histamine in the central nervous system. Recent work from our laboratories has indicated an involvement of the TM region in neuronal plasticity and reinforcement processes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TM lesions on the performance of adult and aged Wistar rats in a set of learning tasks, which differed in terms of complexity and reward contingencies (habituation learning, inhibitory avoidance, discrimination learning, Morris water maze). An improvement was found in every test applied, indicating that TM lesions seem to generally enhance learning and memory capacities independent of the special demands of a given task. Age-related learning deficits were strongly diminished. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the excitotoxic lesions used to destroy the TM region led to a marked decrease in the number of histamine-positive neurons in the vicinity of the injection site, indicating an involvement of the brain histaminergic system in the observed behavioral changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050301
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anxiolytic-like behavior after lesion of the tuberomammillary nucleus E2-region (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 119 (1998), S. 260-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Tuberomammillary nucleus ; Ibotenic acid ; Fear and Anxiety ; Elevated plus-maze ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The tuberomammillary nucleus (TM), located in the posterior hypothalamic region, consists of five subgroups and is the only known source of brain histamine. In the present experiment, rats received bilateral ibotenic acid or sham lesions in the rostroventral part of the TM (E2-region). Three weeks later they were tested on the elevated plus-maze test of fear and anxiety. Lesions in the tuberomammillary E2-region elevated the time spent on the open arms, as well as excursions into the end of the open arms, increased scanning over the edge of an open arm, and decreased risk-assessment from an enclosed arm. Thus, partial destruction of TM intrinsic neurons can induce anxiolytic-like effects which are possibly related to a lesion-induced reduction of histaminergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050340
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine and Serotonin Metabolism in Brain Sites Ipsi- and Contralateral to Direction of Conditioned Turning in Rats (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Concentrations of dopamine, serotonin, and some of their metabolites were analyzed by means of HPLC in brain samples obtained from rats operantly conditioned to turn in circles to obtain water reinforcement. In experiment 1 using Wistar rats, no differences in the levels of transmitters or metabolites were detected between brain samples (frontal cortex, ventral striatum, dorsal striatum, septum, amygdala, substantia nigra) from the hemispheres located ipsi- and contralateral to the direction of turning. A higher dopamine metabolism (indicated by higher metabolite/transmitter ratios) in ventral striatum, dorsal striatum, and amygdala was found after 15 min than after 5 min of turning in both hemispheres. A higher dopamine metabolism was found in water-deprived rats compared to nondeprived rats independently of whether or not deprived rats were trained to turn for water reinforcement. In two additional experiments, no differences in dopamine metabolism were found between the ipsi- and contralateral striatum of Wistar rats after 25 min and Sprague-Dawley rats after 10 min of operantly conditioned turning. The present results confirm that dopamine metabolism can change with different behavioral or physiological states; they do not support the hypothesis that conditioned turning is correlated with asymmetrical changes in the metabolism of dopamine or serotonin in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05688.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranasal Administration of the Dopaminergic Agonists l-DOPA, Amphetamine, and Cocaine Increases Dopamine Activity in the Neostriatum: A Microdialysis Study in the Rat (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effectiveness of intranasal drug administration to stimulate central neuronal systems is well known from drug addiction and has also been considered as an alternative pharmacokinetic approach to treat brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In the present study, the possible neurochemical effects of intranasal administration of the psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamine and of the antiparkinsonian drug l-DOPA were analyzed. By using in vivo microdialysis in the urethane-anesthetized rat, it was found that unilateral intranasal administration of either of the psychostimulants led to huge and rapid increases of extracellular dopamine levels in the neostriatum followed by decreases of its metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid. Furthermore, intranasal administration of l-DOPA, but not of the saline vehicle, also led to increased extracellular levels of neostriatal dopamine and to increases of its metabolites. Because the effect of intranasal l-DOPA on neostriatal dopamine was observed only ipsilaterally but not contralaterally to the side of intranasal drug administration, it can be hypothesized that l-DOPA was not effective via passage through the circulation but may have acted through a neuronal or an extraneuronal route. These data provide neurochemical evidence that the intranasal route may not only be efficient in drug abuse, but may also be useful to target the brain therapeutically, as in the case of neurodegenerative brain disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68010233.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in motoric, exploratory and emotional behaviours and neuronal acetylcholine content and 5-HT turnover in histidine decarboxylase-KO mice (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histamine has been implicated, inter alia, in mechanisms underlying arousal, exploratory behaviour and emotionality. Here, we investigated behavioural and neurochemical parameters related to these concepts, including open-field activity, rotarod performance and anxiety, as well as brain acetylcholine and 5-HT concentrations of mice deficient for the histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene. These mice are unable to synthesize histamine from its precursor histidine. The HDC-knockout mice showed reduced exploratory activity in an open-field, but normal habituation to a novel environment. They behaved more anxious than the controls, as assessed by the height–fear task and the graded anxiety test, a modified elevated plus-maze. Furthermore, motor coordination on the rotarod was superior to controls. Biochemical assessments revealed that the HDC-knockout mice had higher acetylcholine concentrations and a significantly higher 5-HT turnover in the frontal cortex, but reduced acetylcholine levels in the neostriatum. These results are suggestive of important interactions between neuronal histamine and these site-specific neurotransmitters, which may be related to the behavioural changes found in the HDC-deficient animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03546.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural parameters in aged rats are related to LTP and gene expression of ChAT and NMDA-NR2 subunits in the striatum (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Striatal parameters were assessed for their relevance to age-related behavioural decline. Forty aged rats (28–30 months) were tested in the water maze and open field. Of these, seven superior and seven inferior learners were compared with each other in terms of levels of in vitro short- and long-term potentiation (STP and LTP), and gene expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) as well as of the NMDA-NR2A-C subunits assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Results revealed that the superior as compared with the inferior learners had higher levels of ChAT mRNA in the striatum. For the superior group, ChAT mRNA was correlated with escape on to the cued platform in the water maze, whereas level of LTP was predictive of place learning in the water maze and rearing activity in the open field. For the inferior group, expression of NR2A and NR2B was positively correlated with place learning and probe trial performance in the water maze. The results show that individual differences in various behaviours of aged rats were accounted for by variability in striatal parameters, i.e. LTP, ChAT and NMDA-NR2 subunit mRNA. Notably, the correlations found were heterogeneous amid the groups, e.g. variability in place learning was explained by variability in levels of LTP in the superior learners, but in levels of NR2A-B mRNA in the inferior group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03234.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water maze performance, exploratory activity, inhibitory avoidance and hippocampal plasticity in aged superior and inferior learners (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In 28- to 30-month-old rats, in vitro short-term and long-term potentiation (STP and LTP) were measured in area CA1 of the hippocampus in seven superior and seven inferior learners, that were selected from a pool of 40 rats based on water maze escape performance over a period of 9 days. The aim was to examine whether levels of STP and LTP could account for group differences in learning of water maze escape, spatial preference and wall (thigmotaxis)-avoidance and in short-term retention of an inhibitory avoidance task. There was no significant group difference in open-field exploration, i.e. the number of rearings. In contrast to expectation, the superior and inferior learners did not differ significantly from each other in levels of STP and LTP. However, variability in escape and spatial learning, but not thigmotaxis-avoidance learning, was significantly predicted by variability in STP and LTP in the superior group. Also, open-field exploratory rearings were significantly correlated with STP and LTP as well as with maze escape learning in the superior group. The results show that, in the aged superior group, levels of CA1 STP and LTP coincided with residual water maze escape and spatial preference learning as well as open-field exploration, i.e. behavioural expressions known to be related to hippocampal functioning, but not with learning to avoid thigmotaxis in the maze. The lack of such correlations in the inferior group may be due to the severe impairment in escape and spatial preference learning and/or the influence of yet unknown third variables on these relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02282.x
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