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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in epileptic patients (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Carbamazepine ; carbamazepine-10,11-expoxide ; human brain concentration ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; combined treatment ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-Epoxide) in the temporal lobe were measured in five epileptic patients undergoing unilateral temporal lobectomy. The patients had been under CBZ treatment from 6 months to 6 years and all were in steady state at the time of operation. The brain tissue concentration of CBZ in all patients was higher than the plasma concentration; the brain/plasma ratio ranged from 1.4–1.6. Brain/plasma ratios of CBZ-Epoxide ranged from 0.6–1.5. The ratio for CBZ was similar in patients treated with CBZ alone or in combination with other anticonvulsants, but for the CBZ-Epoxide a higher ratio was found in patients on combined treatment. The results may mean that other antiepileptic drugs, too, can influence the brain concentration of an active metabolite, which could have a bearing on the enhanced therapeutic effect often seen on combining CBZ treatment with other antiepileptic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560257
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of diazepam in disordered liver function (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diazepam ; liver disease ; galactose elimination capacity ; human pharmacokinetics ; liver function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma elimination curves of diazepam following intravenous administration of 10 mg were studied in nine patients with cirrhosis of the liver and four patients without liver disease. The data were analyzed according to a two compartment model. The mean biological half-life (T/2) of diazepam was increased five-fold in patients with cirrhosis compared to the controls (164 hours vs. 32.1 hours). The plasma clearance of diazepam could be correlated neither with a quantitative measure of liver function, as estimated by galactose elimination capacity, nor to semiquantitative measures of liver function, such as serum albumin and prothrombin. It is suggested that the plasma clearance of diazepam is an inaccurate index of its rate of hepatic metabolism due to the complex kinetics of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of bromocriptine during continuous oral treatment of Parkinson's disease (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; bromocriptine ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma kinetics of bromocriptine (BCT), a long-acting dopamine agonist, was studied in twelve patients with Parkinson's disease, using a newly developed gas chromatographic method of analysis. Each patient received BCT for at least three weeks in a constant but different dose regimen. Concomitant treatment with 1-DOPA was not allowed. During a 6-day hospitalization period, a blood sample was taken immediately before the afternoon dose at 14.00 h (Cmin) to determine the steady-state level. On the 6th day blood samples were collected every hour during two 8 h dose intervals. The results showed a significant correlation between the mean values of the AUC and the Cmin. First order elimination kinetics appeared to be followed by BCT, at least for the plasma concentrations commonly found. Considerable inter-individual variation was demonstrated both for the dose/plasma concentration ratio and for calculated plasma clearances. No serious side-effects were observed during the investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618517
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of simultaneous treatment with low doses of perphenazine on plasma and urine concentrations of nortriptyline and 10-hydroxynortriptyline (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug hydroxylation ; drug interaction ; drug plasma levels ; nortriptyline ; 10-hydroxynor-triptyline ; perphenazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of nortriptyline and perphenazine were measured in six patients on continuous nortriptyline treatment before, during and after oral administration of perphenazine 4 mg t.i.d. In four patients the plasma levels of the conjugated and unconjugated principal metabolite 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline were also measured. Urinary excretion of conjugated and unconjugated 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline and plasma levels of perphenazine were determined in all six patients. During treatment with perphenazine two patients showed a slight increase in the plasma level of nortriptyline. The changes in metabolite excretion rate were inconclusive. Thus, there did not appear to be any important pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs at the doses used, which were normal therapeutic doses. The previously reported inhibitory effect of perphenazine on the metabolism of nortriptyline probably depended therefore, either on administration of a higher dose of perphenazine, or on treatment in the reverse sequence — a single dose of nortriptyline was given to patients already receiving perphenazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562943
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring drug plasma levels in clinical practice? A procedure for evaluation is needed (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 317-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bromocriptine concentration in saliva and plasma after long-term treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bromocriptine ; Parkinson's disease ; plasma level ; salivary level ; protein binding ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Salivary and plasma concentrations of bromocriptine (BCT), a dopamine agonist, were measured by gas chromatography in four patients with Parkinson's disease. All the patients had been on mono-therapy with BCT for years, and during the 3 weeks prior to the investigation they received constant but individually different dosage regimens. Paired samples of pure, parotid, serous saliva and of blood were collected hourly during one eight hour dose interval. The concentrations of BCT in saliva were very low and there was a ten-fold range in the areas under the salivary and plasma concentration/time curves. It is concluded that in clinical practice measurement of BCT in saliva is not suitable for exact estimation of the plasma concentration of BCT. Using the measured salivary pH and the plasma BCT concentration, calculations based on the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation showed that the assumption of about 99% plasma protein binding of BCT best fited the observed concentrations of BCT in saliva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561586
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-individual consistency of prednisolone kinetics during long-term prednisone treatment (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 651-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisolone ; prednisone treatment ; pharmacokinetics ; individual variation ; microsomal enzyme induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients on long-term prednisone treatment were studied on two occasions separated by 45 to 325 days. In 10 patients the total body clearance of prednisolone only changed about 10%. In one case a 78.5% decrease was observed after stopping treatment with rifampicin and isoniazide. No association was found between the prednisone dose rate (mg/kg per month), patient age or mean endogenous plasma hydrocortisone level and prednisolone clearance/kg. The results indicate considerable intra-individual consistency of prednisolone kinetics if other conditions are not changed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Aminosalicylic acid in patients with an ileo-rectal anastomosis (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sulphasalazine ; Pentasa ; slow release preparation ; 5-aminosalicylic acid ; ileo-rectal anastomosis ; ulcerative colitis ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) from sulphasalazine (SASP) and the slow-release 5-ASA preparation Pentasa was investigated in a cross-over study in 9 otherwise healthy patients with an ileo-rectal anastomosis. The 24-hour recoveries of the drugs were 90.5% and 84.7%, respectively. The median release of 5-ASA from SASP was 50% and from Pentasa 75%. Equal amounts of 5-ASA (18.0% vs 17.9%) were found in the faeces, and a significantly larger amount (4.4% vs 28.9%) of the metaboliteN-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (ac-5-ASA) was found in faeces following Pentasa. A larger amount of 5-ASA was absorbed and subsequently excreted in the urine, mainly as the metabolite (2.5% vs 20.5%) from Pentasa. This confirms previous results in ileostomized patients treated with Pentasa. The present findings also demonstrate that bacterial azo-reduction of SASP in patients with ileorectal anastomosis may be an adequate way to deliver 5-ASA in this type of patient. Both treatments may be used in these patients during a flare up of ulcerative colitis, but randomized studies are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870980
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid on platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity in vivo and in vitro (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) ; inflammatory bowel disease ; platelet aggregation ; fibrinolytic activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity in six patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine). There were no changes in these measurements during normal treatment, i.e. 1.5 g per day with a slow-release formulation, nor after an intravenous dose of 250 mg. Also in vitro tests were negative, in contrast to the inhibition seen with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). We conclude that treatment with mesalazine does not constitute a hazard to these patients in regard to prolonged bleeding time caused by an influence on platelet aggregation or fibrinolytic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637641
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-dependent kinetics of ethotoin in man (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 2 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1A gas-chromatographic assay for the anticonvulsant drug ethotoin in plasma has been used to establish a kinetic basis for therapy in eight newly diagnosed epileptic patients.2Only a small fraction of ethotoin was excreted unchanged. Elimination curves were only rectilinear below a plasma concentration of 8 mg/l. During constant medication plasma concentrations tended to decrease in the first week. Steady-state plasma levels varied considerably between individuals. For all patients the plasma concentration/dose ratio increased with increasing dose.3Most of the results point to dose-dependent elimination kinetics in the therapeutic range and parallel what is known for phenytoin. Control of therapy by measurement of plasma levels of ethotoin is accordingly advocated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb03024.x
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