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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 21 (1988), S. 768-773 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 18 (1985), S. 2773-2775 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 46 (1990), S. 2031-2033 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 27 (1994), S. 1055-1060 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The program FWR (fiber whole diffraction pattern refinement) for structure refinement of polymers is presented. The constrained least-squares procedure is employed in order to fit the whole two-dimensional diffraction pattern from a fiber sample of a polymer. Both structural and morphological parameters can be refined, thus providing a wide characterization of the material. Refinable parameters are: bond lengths, valence and torsion angles, averaged crystallite size, cell parameters, orientation degree of crystallites, tilt angle (if any) of crystallites with respect to the fiber axis and thermal and strain parameters (distortion of the second kind).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 29 (1996), S. 491-492 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Scanners are widely used for easy and fast image acquisition. Spatial resolution ranges from 300 up to 1200 dots per inch (d.p.i.) and, for black-and-white acquisition, 256 grey levels (1 byte) are associated with each pixel. These features are potentially adequate for a quantitative acquisition of the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction pattern from a fibre sample of polymer recorded by photographic film. An indirect approach was reported by Calos & Kennard [J. Appl. Cryst. (1991). 24, 73], who described a system for reading X-ray powder film. To avoid the problem of the scattering of the film surface in the reflective acquisition mode, they printed the film on photographic paper; thus, the diffuse light scattering was eliminated. In the present note, the use of a scanner system for a quantitative acquisition of films in a direct way is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 879-882 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 608-613 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Smectic polypropylene fibres crystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The crystallization induced by thermal treatments of smectic polypropylene fibres has been studied. Analysis was carried out detecting the density and X-ray diffractograms. Density and diffraction data disagree on two important aspects: the critical temperature necessary to activate the crystallization process, and the effects of annealing time on the growth process. The first point seems to suggest that the observed densification at the lower temperatures is related to phenomena differing from a crystallization process, while the observed effects of the annealing time can be explained by assuming that the anisotropy of the fibre structure induces anisotropy in the phase transition and growth process. On the other hand, density and diffraction data agree in indicating that the rate and degree of crystallization increase on increasing the crystallization temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 30 (1985), S. 1317-1324 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das mesophasische Verhalten der folgenden Verbindungen wurde mittels DSC, Röntgendiffraktion und optischer Mikroskopie untersucht: CH3(CH2)4-CO-R-A n -R-CO-(CH2)4-CH3;n=9→14, 16 CH3(CH2)4-CO-R-B n -R-CO-(CH2)4-CH3;n=2, 3A n =-CO-O-(CH2)n-4-O-CO-;B n =-CO-(OCH2CH2)n-O-CO-;R=-O-C6H4-C(CH3)=N-N=(CH3)C-C6H4-O-. Die Verbindungen wurden als Modelle homologer nematogener Polymere mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht angesehen. Alle untersuchten Verbindungen zeigen einen nematischen Mesomorphismus. Analog zu den entsprechenden Polymeren zeigen die sich auf den nematisch-isotropen Phasenübergang beziehenden thermodynamischen Daten eine, wenn überhaupt, sehr reduzierte ungerade-gerade Fluktuation. Diese Daten werden mit denen verglichen, die für sehr ähnliche, sowohl polymère als auch nicht-polymere Verbindungen mit Esterbindungen zwischen den starren und flexiblen Gruppen erhalten wurden, um Beweise für die Zuverlässigkeit der auf dimeren Verbindungen aufbauenden Modelle für polymère Homologe zu erhalten.
    Abstract: Резюме Методами ДСК, рентген офазового анализа и оптической микроско пии исследовано мезофазное поведени е соединений со следу ющей структурой: CH3(CH2)4-CO-R-A n -R-CO-(CH2)4-CH3 n=9→14,16 CH3(CH2)4-CO-R-B n -R-CO-(CH2)4-CH3 n=2, 3A n =-CO-O-(CH2) n−4-O-CO-;B n =-CO-(OCH2CN2) n -O-COR =-O-φ-C(CH3)=N-N=(CH3)C-φ-O- φ=C6H4 Предполагалось, что э ти вещества являются низкомолекулярными модельными соединен иями гомологов жидкокрис таллических полимер ов. Все исследованные соеди нения проявляют жидкокристаллическ ий мезоморфизм. Термодинамические д анные относительно ф азового перехода нематик — из отроп, показывают оче нь пониженную, по аналог ии с соответствующим и полимерами, четную-не четную флуктуацию. Да нные сопоставлены с таков ыми, полученными для подобных полимер ных и не полимерных со единений, содержащих эфирные з венья между жесткими и гибкими гр уппами, для доказател ьства достоверности этих д имерных соединений как моделей полимерн ых гомологов
    Notes: Abstract The mesophasic behaviour of the following compounds has been investigated by DSC, X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy methods: CH3(CH2)4-CO-R-A n -R-CO-(CH2)4-CH3,n=9→ 14, 16 CH3(CH2)4-CO-R-B n -R-CO-(CH2)4-CH3,n=2, 3A n=-CO-O-(CH2)n−4-O-CO-,B n =-CO-(OCH2CH2) n -O-CO-,R=-O-Ø-C(CH3)=N-N=(CH3)C-Ø-O-,Ø=-C6H4 They have been assumed to be low molecular weight models of homologous nematogenic polymers. All the examined compounds exhibit nematic mesomorphism. On complete analogy with the corresponding polymers, the thermodynamic data relative to the nematic-isotropic phase transition show a very reduced, if any, odd-even fluctuation. These data are compared with those obtained for very similar compounds, both polymeric and non-polymeric, containing ester linkages between the rigid and flexible groups, to provide evidence of the reliability of the dimeric compounds as models of the polymeric homologues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 974-981 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The drawing behavior of two polypropylene films of different structures was analyzed. The two films differ as a consequence of different quenching conditions. At low temperature, a biphasic smectic-amorphous system was obtained, while quenching at 100°C produced a biphasic crystalline-amorphous system. The drawing of samples was carried out at 110°C at which temperature the smectic phase is not stable and is transformed into the crystalline α-form. The initial structure affects the drawing behavior and the properties of the drawn samples. The mechanical, optical, and X-ray analyses clearly show that high molecular orientation is achieved at lower deformations in the initially smectic sample. In particular, the amorphous phase is highly oriented, inducing higher axial elastic modulus.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 600-604 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recovery experiments above Tg have been performed on polymeric liquid crystal (PLC) - polystyrene (PS) blend sheets obtained from extrusion and subsequent hot drawing. The data reported show that a significant improvement of the dimensional stability of a drawn thermoplastic material can be obtained by adding a low percentage of non-compatible polymeric liquid crystals that are oriented during the hot drawing process. The fibrils formed act as a constraint for a certain amount of polymer surrounding them and consequently these highly oriented sheets, once exposed to high temperature, will mainly stress relax and do not creep. This effect disappears when the melting temperature of the oriented crystalline phase is reached. Compatible PLC-PS blends do not show any improvement on the dimensional stability compared to the unfilled matrix.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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