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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of Freeform Fabrication of Metals by Three Diminsional Micro-Welding (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 127 (Sept. 2007), p. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A newly developed freeform fabrication process named 3D Micro-Welding, which is acombined system of a micro-TIG welding and a layered manufacturing method, is demonstrated.Various refractory alloys such as Inconel, stainless steel, and Invar can be freeformed besideselemental metals like titanium. Small metal beads of ~1mm in diameter are formed by emittingmicro arc to the top of a thin metal wire of 0.2mm diameter. A fused bead is welded to a metalsubstrate or previously formed beads. By continuing this process and building up beads layer bylayer under the control of CAD/CAM system, 3D objects were produced. In this study, optimizationof micro-welding parameters such as the waveform of pulsed arc current and electrode materialswere investigated and simple 3D objects of Inconel 600, SUS 304, Invar 42 were formed. Theinterfaces between adjacent beads were joined well and no crack or pore existed in the formedobjects. The density and Vickers hardness of Inconel 600 objects showed comparable values to thecommercial Inconel alloy, however the yield strength and Young’s modulus was about 80% and70% of that alloy, respectively
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.127.189.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Superconductivity of Silicon Clathrate Compounds (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 232 (Nov. 1996), p. 103-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.232.103.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulochrin inhibits eosinophil activation and chemotaxis (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Sulochrin — Eosinophil — Inhibitor — Degranulation — Chemotaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: Because eosinophils likely play important roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, specific inhibitors of eosinophils may be desirable to treat such diseases. To evaluate the capacity of a novel compound, sulochrin, as an inhibitor of eosinophilic inflammation, we examined the effects of this compound on various effector functions of eosinophils.¶Materials and methods: We examined the effects of sulochrin on degranulation of human eosinophils stimulated with platelet-activating factor (PAF) or Sepharose 4B beads coated with secretory IgA (sIgA) or IgG. The effects of sulochrin on other effector functions of human eosinophils, including superoxide anion (O− 2) production, leukotriene (LT) C4 release, and interleukin (IL)-8 production induced by sIgA-beads were also studied. Finally, using PAF and LTB4 as chemoattractants, we evaluated the potency of sulochrin to inhibit eosinophil migration in vitro and in vivo.¶Results: Sulochrin inhibited EDN release by eosinophils stimulated with sIgA-beads, IgG-beads and PAF in a concentration-dependent manner; IC50 values were 0.75 μM, 0.30 μM and 0.03 μM. Eosinophil O− 2 production, LTC4 release, and IL-8 production were also inhibited by sulochrin. Furthermore, PAF-induced chemotaxis of human eosinophils and LTB4-induced chemotaxis of guinea pig eosinophils were abolished by 1 μM of sulochrin. Finally, sulochrin potently inhibited LTB4-induced infiltration of eosinophils into the skin of guinea-pig in vivo.¶Conclusions: These results suggest that sulochrin is a potent inhibitor of various effector functions of eosinophils. Sulochrin and its derivatives may be useful in the development of therapeutic approaches for patients with allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050352
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ECCI Observation of Dislocation Structure Formed around an Intergranular Fatigue Crack in Copper (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 26-28 (Oct. 2007), p. 1317-1320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A fatigue crack growth test was conducted in a polycrystalline copper. Dislocationstructure formed near an intergranular fatigue crack was investigated by electron channelling contrastimaging (ECCI) method. The ECCI method enables us to observe dislocations lying under surfaceusing a scanning electron microscope. The fatigue crack in the copper specimen was grown alongboth grain boundaries and slip bands inside grain. The ECCI observations revealed that both the veindislocation structure and the cell structures were formed near the grain boundaries. The formations ofdifferent dislocation structures near boundaries could be interpreted in terms of the plastic strainincompatibility
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.26-28.1317.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological investigation of hemifacial spasm: F-waves of the facial muscles (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 24-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Hemifacial spasm ; F-wave ; lateral spread ; surface electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS), the spasm is due to cross-compression of the facial nerve by a blood vessel. There are currently two hypotheses for the mechanism of HFS: 1) the spasm is caused by ephaptic transmission and an increase in excitability at the site of compression; and 2) the spasm is caused by hyperexcitability in the facial nerve nucleus. In peripheral nerves, F-waves, which result from the backfiring of antidromically activated anterior horn cells, have been proposed as indices of proximal motoneuron conduction and anterior horn cell excitability. Enhancement of the F-waves indicates increased anterior horn cell excitability. We have therefore measured F-waves in the facial muscle of HFS patients in order to investigate the exitability of the facial nerve nucleus. The authors obtained facial nerve evoked responses from 20 HFS patients before microvascular decompression (MVD), 10 HFS patients after MVD and 10 healthy controls. The F-waves, obtained with surface electrodes from the mentalis muscle, were the second response after the M-wave. On the patient's spasm side, the F-wave duration, F/M amplitude ratio and frequency of F-wave appearance significantly increased compared with those of the normal side or healthy controls; minimum latency and chronodispersion did not significantly differ between these groups. In patients whose spasm disappeared completely following MVD, the abnormal muslce response (lateral spread), which is a characteristic sign of HFS, and the enhancement of the F-wave eventually also disappeared. Because of the correlation between HFS and F-waves, the authors' study supports the hypothesis that the cause of HFS is hyperexcitability of the facial motonucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411719
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA Fragmentation in Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 987-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Vascular malformations; DNA fragmentation; apoptosis; arteriovenous malformation; cavernous hemangioma.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Recent studies have shown that apoptosis plays an important role in vascular remodeling. We examined central nervous system vascular malformations for the presence of DNA fragmentation which is the evidence of apoptosis. We hypothesize that vascular remodeling through apoptosis may be responsible for recurrence or hemorrhage in these lesions. We examined the specimens of central nervous system vascular malformations by in situ end labeling (ISEL) of fragmented DNA. Moreover, we examined the expression of Caspase-3 which is apoptosis-related proteins in these lesions by immunohistochemistry. DNA fragmentation was observed in all 15 arteriovenous malformation (AVM) specimens. ISEL-positive cells were mainly distributed in the endothelium, media and perivascular tissue. In cavernous hemangioma (CH), DNA fragmentation was also observed in all 5 specimens. ISEL-positive cells were distributed in the endothelium, subendothelium and intercavernous matrix. Thirteen out of 15 AVM lesions stained positive for Caspase-3. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity was mainly distributed in the endothelium, media and perivascular tissue. This distribution was similar to that of ISEL positive cells. As for CHs, all 5 lesions stained positive for Caspase-3. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity was distributed in the endothelium, subendothelium and intercavernous matrix. Our findings indicate that apoptotic cell death and vascular remodeling play a role in the development and maintenance of vascular malformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070053
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Craniopharyngiomas with unusual topography and associated with vascular pathology (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 53 (1980), S. 53-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral angiography ; craniopharyngioma ; computed tomography ; third ventricle tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Out of 155 cases of craniopharyngioma seen in the past 47 years, 19 are considered unusual. These 19 cases have been placed under the following headings— 1. unusual topography, and 2. associated vascular pathology. Since CT scanning offers important information about extension of craniopharyngiomas, it is very helpful for planning operative approach. However, cerebral angiography is still important for demonstrating vascular pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074521
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in intracranial pressure and epidural pulse waveform following cold injury (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 77 (1985), S. 14-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral blood flow ; cerebral vasodilatation ; cold injury ; epidural pulse waveform
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using anaesthetized spontaneously breathing cats, intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored for twenty hours following the insult of cold injury; simultaneous recordings were also made of cerebral blood flow (CBF), epidural pulse waveform (EDP-WF), and systemic arterial pressure (SAP). Results could be divided into two groups depending on whether or not ICP exceeded 30 mmHg. In group one, in which marked increase in ICP including occasional episodes of pressure waves were observed, an initial increase in CBF and the changes in EDP-WF from polyphasic to monotonous at about 20 mmHg were characteristic. On the other hand, in group two, ICP never exceeded 30 mmHg, CBF slightly and continuously decreased and EDP-WF was polyphasic throughout the course. There were no significant differences in trends in SAP, in the extent of spread of oedema and in water content of the white matter between both groups. Therefore, the amount of cerebral blood volume (CBV) due to cerebral vasodilatation was considered to account for the further increase in ICP. Moreover, changes in EDP-WF were regarded as a useful indicator in predicting the trends in ICP since these changes could be observed in a relatively lower pressure range prior to a marked increase in ICP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402300
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral circulation and metabolism in adults' Moyamoya disease-PET study (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 100 (1989), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: PET ; moyamoya disease ; cerebral blood flow ; cerebral blood volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (rCMRO2) and cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in nine cases of moyamoya disease in adults were studied with positron emission CT (PET) scan, using15O steady-state methods. Three cases showed ischaemic symptoms and the other six cases showed haemorrhagic symptoms. PET scan was performed during the chronic stage. Control data were obtained from eight normal volunteers. Regional cerebral blood flow and other physiological parameters in cerebral gray matter, white matter and basal ganglia were compared with normal controls. All nine cases of Moyamoya disease showed decreased rCBF, though not significant, in cerebral gray matter, white matter and basal ganglia. Reduction of rCBF was significant in the cerebral cortex of six haemorrhagic cases. This significant decrease was considered to be due to diaschisis and also brain atrophy caused by the cerebral haemorrhage. There was a significant increase in rCBV in white matter of the both ischaemic and haemorrhagic cases. The calculated value of CBF/CBV is considered to be an index of perfusion pressure. This value was significantly decreased in all three regions, though rOEF was not significantly increased in moyamoya disease. Hence the cerebral circulation in adults with moyamoya disease appears to be characterized by a mild decrease in perfusion pressure and prolonged circulated time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of the intracranial epidermoid (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 101 (1989), S. 108-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Epidermoid ; intracranial ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in five cases of intracranial epidermoid. In three of the five patients, the lowdensity mass on the CT scans showed as low intensity on the T1 and high intensity on the T2 weighted images. In the two other patients, the masses with high or isodensity on CT showed as high intensity on the T1 weighted images and as high or low intensity on the T2 weighted images. Thus, the intensity of epidermoid on MRI correlated fairly well with the CT density, although the former was more variable. The variety of intensities on MRI reflects differences in the chemical composition of the components in the epidermoid tissue in addition to differences in the solid and liquid state of the tissue. An epidermoid could have similar MRI findings as an arachnoid cyst with regard to intensities but its irregular margin provides a useful guide for differentiation. As in other tumours, MRI is superior for evaluation of the size and the extent of the epidermoid as well as the displacement of important neurovascular structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410523
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