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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroanatomical study of afferent projections to the supramammillary nucleus of the rat (1993)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 188 (1993), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Medial forebrain bundle ; Mammillary peduncle ; Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis ; PHA-L study ; Fiber connection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the regions projecting to the supramammillary nucleus of the rat with retrograde transport of WGA-HRP and WGA, and anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. The supramammillary nucleus receives major descending afferents from the infralimbic cortex, the dorsal peduncular cortex, the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, the medial and lateral preoptic nuclei, bilaterally. The major ascending afferents come from the pars compacta of the nucleus centralis superior, the ventral tegmental nucleus, and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The supramammillary nucleus also receives a few (but distinct) fibers from the anterior and lateral hypothalamic nuclei, the ventral premammillary nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus, the cuneiform nucleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the incertus nucleus, and the C3 region including the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus. All descending fibers run through the medial forebrain bundle. Almost all ascending fibers from the pars compacta of the nucleus centralis superior and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus run through the mammillary peduncle, and terminate throughout the supramammillary nucleus. A few fibers from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and the C3 region run through the fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis and terminate in the dorsal part of the supramammillary nucleus including the supramammillary decussation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186247
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptology and ultrastructural characteristics of laryngeal cricothyroid and posterior cricoarytenoid motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus of the rat (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Intrinsic laryngeal motoneurons ; Cholera toxin HRP ; Ultrastructure ; Swallowing ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The laryngeal motoneurons innervating the cricothyroid muscle (CT) are located in the semicompact formation just ventral to the rostral part of the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus. The motoneurons innervating the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) are located in the loose formation. We retrogradely labeled the CT and the PCA motoneurons using cholera toxin subunit B-conjugated horseradish peroxidase, and determined the ultrastructure and synaptic organization of these neurons. The CT and the PCA motoneurons had the appearance of α-motoneurons, i.e., large, oval or polygonal cells containing well-developed organelles and a prominent spherical nucleus. Two kinds of neurons were recognized among the PCA motoneurons. The one (PCA-A) was significantly smaller than the other (PCA-B). The average number of axosomatic terminals in a section was significantly largest in the PCA-B (56.6), smaller in the PCA-A (36.0), and smallest in the CT (32.3) neurons. Most of the axosomatic terminals (64.7%) contained pleomorphic vesicles and made symmetric synaptic contacts (Gray’s type II) with the PCA-A neurons, while more than 60% contained round vesicles with asymmetric synaptic contacts (Gray’s type I) in the CT (69.5%) and the PCA-B (60.6%) neurons. A few terminals associated with subsurface cisterns were present on all laryngeal motoneurons. These results indicated that the CT motoneurons may receive mostly excitatory terminals, whereas the PCA muscle may be regulated by neurons having many inhibitory terminals, and neurons having many excitatory terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050281
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monosynaptic inputs from the nucleus tractus solitarii to the laryngeal motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus of the rat (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 202 (2000), S. 411-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Ultrastructure ; Cricothyroid motoneurons ; Posterior cricoarytenoid motoneurons ; Synaptology ; HRP tracing study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The cricothyroid (CT) and the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles in the larynx are activated by the laryngeal motoneurons located within the nucleus ambiguus; these motoneurons receive the laryngeal sensory information from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) during respiration and swallowing. We investigated whether the neurons in the NTS projected directly to the laryngeal motoneurons, and what is the synaptic organization of their nerve terminals on the laryngeal motoneurons using the electron microscope. When wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the NTS after cholera toxin subunit B-conjugated HRP (CT-HRP) was injected into the CT muscle or the PCA muscle, the anterogradely WGA-HRP-labeled terminals from the NTS were found to directly contact the retrogradely CT-HRP-labeled dendrites and soma of both the CT and the PCA motoneurons. The labeled NTS terminals comprised about 4% of the axosomatic terminals in a section through the CT motoneurons, and about 9% on both the small (PCA-A) and the large (PCA-B) PCA motoneurons. The number of labeled axosomatic terminals containing round vesicles and making asymmetric synaptic contacts (Gray’s type I) was almost equal to that of the labeled terminals containing pleomorphic vesicles and making symmetric synaptic contacts (Gray’s type II) on the CT motoneurons. The labeled axosomatic terminals were mostly Gray’s type II on the PCA-A motoneurons, while the majority of them were Gray’s type I on the PCA-B motoneurons. These results indicate that the laryngeal CT and PCA motoneurons receive a few direct excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the neurons in the NTS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290000120
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal structure of the Nojima Fault zone from the Hirabayashi GSJ drill core (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The internal structures of the Nojima Fault, south-west Japan, are examined from mesoscopic observations of continuous core samples from the Hirabayashi Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) drilling. The drilling penetrated the central part of the Nojima Fault, which ruptured during the 1995 Kobe earthquake (Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake) (M7.2). It intersected a 0.3 m-thick layer of fault gouge, which is presumed to constitute the fault core (defined as a narrow zone of extremely concentrated deformation) of the Nojima Fault Zone. The rocks obtained from the Hirabayashi GSJ drilling were divided into five types based on the intensities of deformation and alteration: host rock, weakly deformed and altered granodiorite, fault breccia, cataclasite, and fault gouge. Weakly deformed and altered granodiorite is distributed widely in the fault zone. Fault breccia appears mostly just above the fault core. Cataclasite is distributed mainly in a narrow (≈1 m wide) zone in between the fault core and a smaller gouge zone encountered lower down from the drilling. Fault gouge in the fault core is divided into three types based on their color and textures. From their cross-cutting relationships and vein development, the lowest fault gouge in the fault core is judged to be newer than the other two. The fault zone characterized by the deformation and alteration is assumed to be deeper than 426.2 m and its net thickness is 〉 46.5 m. The fault rocks in the hanging wall (above the fault core) are deformed and altered more intensely than those in the footwall (below the fault core). Furthermore, the intensities of deformation and alteration increase progressively towards the fault core in the hanging wall, but not in the footwall. The difference in the fault rock distribution between the hanging wall and the footwall might be related to the offset of the Nojima Fault and/or the asymmetrical ground motion during earthquakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00337.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration and mass transfer inferred from the Hirabayashi GSJ drill penetrating the Nojima Fault, Japan (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mineralogical and geochemical studies on the fault rocks from the Nojima–Hirabayashi borehole, south-west Japan, are performed to clarify the alteration and mass transfer in the Nojima Fault Zone at shallow depths. A complete sequence from the hornblende–biotite granodiorite protolith to the fault core can be observed without serious disorganization by surface weathering. The parts deeper than 426.2 m are in the fault zone where rocks have suffered fault-related deformation and alteration. Characteristic alteration minerals in the fault zone are smectite, zeolites (laumontite, stilbite), and carbonate minerals (calcite and siderite). It is inferred that laumontite veins formed at temperatures higher than approximately 100°C during the fault activity. A reverse component in the movement of the Nojima Fault influences the distribution of zeolites. Zeolite is the main sealing mineral in relatively deep parts, whereas carbonate is the main sealing mineral at shallower depths. Several shear zones are recognized in the fault zone. Intense alteration is localized in the gouge zones. Rock chemistry changes in a different manner between different shear zones in the fault zone. The main shear zone (MSZ), which corresponds to the core of the Nojima Fault, shows increased concentration of most elements except Si, Al, Na, and K. However, a lower shear zone (LSZ-2), which is characterized by intense alteration rather than cataclastic deformation, shows a decreased concentration of most elements including Ti and Zr. A simple volume change analysis based on Ti and Zr immobility, commonly used to examine the changes in fault rock chemistry, cannot account fully for the different behaviors of Ti and Zr among the two gouge zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00338.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between natural fractures and fracture parameters derived from VSP (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 107 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The feasibility of resolving a subsurface fracture system using P-wave and cross-polarized shear-wave vertical seismic profiling (VSP) was examined. In situ distributions of fractures and microcracks in a test borehole are characterized by an ultrasonic borehole televiewer (BHTV) and by measurements of core sample velocities. The BHTV images show that the fracture frequencies in the shallower part of the borehole are much higher than those in the deeper part. Two sets of dominant parallel fractures are observed by BHTV in the fracture-rich depth interval of the shallower part; the orientations of fracture strikes in the two sets are almost the same directing to NW, whereas the average dip angles of the fractures in the two sets are 73d̀ and 46d̀, respectively. The fracture orientations in the fracture-poor depth interval of the deeper part are found to be random. The degree of anisotropy of the core sample velocity is so small that the present VSP measurement cannot resolve the expected anisotropy from the core sample measurement. P- and two shear-wave velocities (Vp, Vs1 and Vs2) are determined from the downgoing phases of three-component VSP with a zero-offset P-wave source and with zero-offset shear-wave sources polarized in two orthogonal directions, respectively. The VSP results are as follows. (1) The shear-wave polarization anisotropy is not detected within the accuracy of 4 per cent. (2) VP and Vs (average of Vs1 and Vs2) for the fracture-rich interval are 94 per cent and 86 per cent, respectively, of those for the fracture-poor interval. The VSP results are consistent with expected velocity changes due to an isotropic distribution of cracks. However, a biplanar crack model cannot satisfy the VSP results, whereas the BHTV images show two such sets of parallel fractures. It is suggested that this discrepancy is due to the lack of depth resolution in the velocity determination in the present VSP experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb01408.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minichromosome maintenance 2 expression is correlated with mode of invasion and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 32 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  This study examined the immunohistochemical expression of cell-cycle related molecules as well as cell proliferation and pathologic findings in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to clarify their pathobiologic and prognostic significance.Methods:  A total of 46 oral SCC specimens were analyzed using Ki-67, minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2), p53, p27, p21, and TUNEL. Aspects including tumor differentiation, mode of carcinoma invasion, tumor metastasis, and patient prognosis were compared among the specimens.Results:  A significantly higher MCM2 labeling index (LI) was observed in the moderately differentiated SCCs when compared to the well-differentiated SCCs (P 〈 0.05). The higher MCM2 LI was correlated with mode of invasion Grade 4 (infiltrative growth) and patient prognosis. In contrast, the LIs of Ki-67, TUNEL-signal, p53, p27, and p21 were not correlated with patient prognosis.Conclusion:  Higher MCM2 LI provides useful information for patient prognosis in oral SCCs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00116.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-operative radio-chemotherapy enhances apoptotic cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of pre-operative radio-chemotherapy (RCT) has been examined in a total of 15 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), in terms of apoptosis (cell loss) and proliferation. All the patients received pre-operative radiation at a dosage of 30 or 40 Gy, as well as anticancer agents including tagaful (FT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin (BLM) and peplomycin (PEP). Surgical specimens were obtained before and after RCT, and serial sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry for p53 oncoprotein and Ki-67 antigen, as well as for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). TUNEL indices (TI; percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the tumor cells) before and after RCT were 1.2±1.1 and 4.7±2.9 in the nine well-differentiated oral SCCs, and 1.0±0.7 and 3.9±2.1 in the six poorly differentiated SCCs, respectively. Similarly, Ki-67 indices (KI; percentage of Ki-67 antigen-positive cells in tumor cells) before and after RCT were 31.1±14.2 and 15.8±11.1 in the former, and 37.1±7.8 and 8.7±13.4 in the latter, respectively. Thus, pre-operative RCT enhanced apoptotic cell death and abated proliferative activity significantly (P 〈 0.05), regardless of histological differentiation. Enhancement of apoptosis was more prominent in the group treated with FT or 5-FU than with BLM or PEP. Oral SCC with 〉 20% of nuclear p53-positive tumor cells was noted in six cases. Enhanced TI and abadement of KI did not differ among the p53-positive and -negative tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1998.tb01971.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis and cellular proliferation in human epidermal squamous cell neoplasia (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined cell loss (apoptosis) and proliferation in a histopathological spectrum of epidermal squamous cell neoplasia, including 11 cases of solar keratosis (SK), 18 Bowen's diseases (BD) and 19 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Apoptotic and proliferative cells were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and by the detection of nuclear antigen Ki-67, respectively. Few apoptotic cells were observed in normal epidermis, while TUNEL index (TI; percentage of TUNEL-positive cells) was highest for SCCs, followed by BDs and SKs, in the order given. Although the mean Ki-67 index did not differ between SCCs and BDs. both disease types showed a significantly higher index than the SKs. Of SCCs, both TI and Ki-67 index values were significantly higher in poorly than in well differentiated carcinomas. TI was significantly higher in SCCs without P53 immunohistochemical expression than in SCCs with P53 expression, while TI and Ki-67 indices did not correlate with P53 expression in the SKs and BDs. These results suggest that apoptosis reflects not only cell loss, but also proliferative activity in the epidermal neoplastic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01705.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of p53 oncoprotein increases intratumoral microvessel formation in human salivary gland carcinomas (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 28 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: P53 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and mean intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) were studied by immunohistochemistry in 31 salivary gland carcinoma, consisting of 11 adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs), 10 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs), 7 acinic cell carcinomas (AcCCs), and 3 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Cases with p53 protein in more than 20% of tumor cells were detected in one AdCC, four MECs, one AcCC, and two SCCs. Both frequency of p53 and VEGF expression, and mean IMVD, were higher in the MECs and SCCs than in the AdCCs and AcCCs. Similarly, both VEGF expression and mean IMVD were significantly higher (P 0.05) in the eight p53-positive tumors than in the 23 negative tumors. Six cases with survival periods less than 5 years showed significantly higher frequency of p53 and VEGF expression and of mean IMVD than those with longer survival periods. These results indicate that p53 expression might partly correlate with VEGF expression and mean IMVD, and be a factor in the survival of patients with salivary gland carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02035.x
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