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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 22 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An understanding of the early morphogenesis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is relevant to screening strategies. If most of these cancers were to evolve through the classical adenoma-carcinoma sequence, screening and removal of adenomas at relatively long intervals might be a safe and cost-effective approach. We have reviewed 131 cancers from 117 affected members of 34 such families. One hundred and four cancers were initial symptomatic lesions, eight were cancers detected in asymptomatic screened individuals, one was a synchronous cancer and 18 were metachronous cancers. None of the 131 cancers was a small, superficial type. Residual adenoma (contiguous with cancer) was present in three out of three (100%) in situ cancers, eight out of nine (89%) cancers involving only submucosa, four out of 14 (29%) cancers limited to the muscle coat and 13 of 105 (12%) cancers extending beyond the muscle coat. Twenty-one out of 28 (75%) residual adenomas had a villous component. Only one was flat. Of the eight asymptomatic cancers, seven arose within tubular (two) or tubulovillous adenomas (five). The eighth was not associated with an adenoma but was 35 mm in diameter and extended through the bowel wall. Discrete adenomas (contiguous excluded) were present in 22% of surgical specimens and 31% of specimens from subjects older than 50 years. A relatively high proportion (30%) had a villous component and 43% were at least 10 mm in diameter. Patients with one or more discrete adenomas in their first surgical specimen were more likely to develop multiple cancers. The findings are consistent with the view that adenomas do not occur with increased frequency in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer but are more likely to be large and adopt a villous configuration. There is little evidence for morphogenetic pathways involving flat adenoma or de novo carcinoma in these cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 11 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have studied and compared 316 mucinous and 45 signet ring cell carcinomas of the rectum with 413 non-mucinous carcinomas. Mucinous carcinomas were subdivided according to the amount of mucus which was gauged subjectively as either more or less than 75% of the tumour volume. Five year survivals for non-mucinous, mucinous (〈75%), mucinous (〉75%) and signet ring cell carcinoma were 62%, 60%, 53% and 13%. Mucinous carcinomas (〈75%) were relatively well differentiated and showed an age distribution identical to their non-mucinous counterparts, but differed in their strong association with villous adenoma. Mucinous carcinomas (〉75%) were less well differentiated and, like signet ring cell carcinomas, occurred in younger patients and showed no special association with villous adenoma. Clinically important and independent predictive variables were found by the method of multivariate regression analysis to be number of lymph node metastases, extent of spread in continuity, character of invasive margin and peritumoural lymphocytic infiltration. After adjustment for these factors, typing of rectal cancer as mucinous, non-mucinous and signet ring cell gave no additional, clinically useful prognostic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The grade of a tumour is gauged on the subjective assessment of a number of histopathological parameters. The problems associated with this exercise were viewed from a historical perspective and survival analysis of 447 patients receiving surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma was undertaken. Only deaths from rectal adenocarcinoma were included as events in the survival analysis. Seven grade-related parameters were scored by one observer. A grading system was constructed using the Cox regression model. The variables in the best-fitting parsimonious model comprised lymphocytic infiltration, tubule configuration and pattern of growth. Scores were derived from the model and a four grade system was created in which the groups were of similar size. Good reproducibility of the selected histopathological parameters was demonstrated. Grade-related parameters were then allowed to compete with stage-related parameters in an overall model of pathological prognostic categories. The parameters selected in the best model were number of affected lymph nodes, the presence of lymphocytic infiltration and extent of spread through bowel wall. A set of five prognostic categories was developed from this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 122 specimens of colorectal cancer were re-assessed in relation to the reporting of invasive growth pattern (expanding vs. infiltrating) and presence or absence of peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate as used in the Jass prognostic classification. Jass agreed with 69% of cases reported as infiltrating and 90% of those reported as expanding. This parameter was distributed similarly amongst Dukes B and C cases in the original assessment (P = 0.27), whereas in the reviewed data infiltrating cases were more likely to be staged as Dukes C (P = 0.04). Jass agreed with 44% of lymphocyte present and 94% of lymphocyte absent assessments. The original lymphocyte assessments showed no significant differences in distribution between Dukes A and B cases (P = 0.12) or B and C cases (P = 0.75), whereas the reviewed data showed significant differences for A vs. B (P = 0.015) and B vs. C cases (P = 0.0025). Criteria for assessment were circulated to eight observers who revisited 20 of the cases in which there was disagreement. Consensus agreement with Jass was achieved in nine of 10 cases for invasive growth pattern and seven of 10 cases for lymphocyte infiltration (with two being evenly split). Most observers showed at least fair levels of agreement with Jass and some achieved excellent levels of agreement. This study indicates that assessment of criteria used in the Jass prognostic system for colorectal cancer is less than optimal in routine practice, but is improved through the provision of simple guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 11 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 7 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epithelial dysplasia was studied in 53 surgical specimens of gastric carcinoma and eight gastric adenomas. A spectrum of dysplasia was observed, but there were two principal types. Type I resembled the epithelium lining colonic adenomas whereas type II was composed of eosinophilic cells with basally sited vesicular nuclei. These findings are compared with reports on heterogeneity within both gastric dysplasia and dysplasia in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. A link is demonstrated between incomplete intestinal metaplasia, type II dysplasia and the more poorly differentiated cancers of intestinal type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 11 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 32 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The term hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) was introduced initially to encompass autosomal dominant syndromes predisposing to colorectal cancer other than the polyposes. The term is a poor descriptor and is often applied to families on the basis of inadequate information. It is suggested that ‘hereditary mismatch repair deficiency syndrome’ (HMRDS) should replace the term HNPCC for describing the specific autosomal dominant condition which predisposes to cancer displaying the mutator phenotype. Population-based studies have shown that HMRDS probably accounts for no more than 2% of bowel cancer. A working diagnosis of HMRDS can be made on the basis of clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics. The histopathologist has an important role to play in the recognition and diagnosis of HMRDS. The characteristic morphology of colorectal cancer in HMRDS is reviewed and the diagnostic utility of ‘field changes’ and adenomas is discussed critically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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