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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viability and recovery of frozen-thawed human islets and in vivo quality control by xenotransplantation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 172-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Islets of Langerhans ; Cryopreservation ; Vitrification ; Transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cryopreservation of islets of Langerhans offers advantages for the transplantation into diabetic patients. In this study two different methods of cryopreservation were compared with respect to islet viability and recovery after cryostorage. It was also investigated whether human islet survival in mice was affected by cryopreservation. Aliquots of human islets were cryopreserved conventionally or vitrified, respectively. After rapid thawing, islet viability and islet equivalent (IEQ) recovery rate were determined. Aliquots of freshly isolated or conventionally cryopreserved islets were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of non-diabetic C57BL/6 mice. After three days renal insulin content was determined. Islet cell viability was 17.3±8.0% for vitrified and 51.8±3.0% for conventionally cryopreserved islets; the recovery rate was 84.8±12.2% and 92.8±12.4%, respectively. Insulin recovery after transplantation was 25.6±7.3% for fresh and 24.1±7.4% for cryopreserved islets. This study suggests that the conventional method of cryopreservation is superior to vitrification with respect to islet viability after thawing. We found no significant difference between fresh and cryopreserved islets with respect to insulin recovery after transplantation into mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050330
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral blood cells of immunosuppressed human islet transplant recipients (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Islet allotransplantation ; Immunosuppressive induction therapy ; Cytokine expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The macrophage derived cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and the T-cell derived cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) have been implicated to play an important role in early attack on islet cells during human islet transplantation (ITx). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the current immunosuppressive induction therapy in clinical islet transplantation on mRNA expression of these cytokines in blood cells, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine release in vitro and to plasma levels. The cytokine release correlated to lymphocyte counts and significantly decreased after ATG, and partially recovered 2 weeks after ITx. Unexpectedly, there was no correlation between mRNA expression for IL-1β in total blood and the number of lymphocytes and monocytes remaining after anti thymocyte globulin (ATG)-therapy. Even when the blood was nearly totally depleted from mononuclear cells, high amounts of IL-1β mRNA could be detected. However, IL-1β secretion could not be stimulated in vitro. Our results show that application of ATG during ITx might contribute to graft survival during the early posttransplant period by suppression of the synthesis of monocyte derived cytokines IL-1β and TNFα.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050315
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen radical production in human mononuclear blood cells is not suppressed by drugs used in clinical islet transplantation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Monocyte activation ; Immunosuppressive drugs ; IL-1β ; TNFα ; Superoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammatory islet damage mediated by cytokines and oxygen radicals may limit the success of clinical islet transplantation for treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated whether drugs such as currently used in islet-transplanted patients inhibit the release of IL-1β, TNFα, and superoxide from mononuclear blood cells in vitro. Methylprednisolone (10 µg/ml) inhibited the release of IL-1β and TNFα, but had no effect on superoxide generation. Both pentoxifylline (66 µg/ml) and cyclosporin A (300 ng/ml) slightly inhibited TNFα release without affecting IL-1β or superoxide generation. Nicotinamide (0.25 mM) did not interfere with the generation TNFα or superoxide and only slightly inhibited IL-1β production. A combination of methylprednisolone, pentoxifylline, cyclosporin A, and nicotinamide (concentrations for each substance as described above) inhibited TNFα generation by 74±6% (mean value±SEM, mononuclear blood cells from seven diabetic patients) without affecting IL-1β or superoxide generation. These data show that standard immunosuppressive therapy in islet transplanted patients may partially inhibit cytokine release but does not affect the generation of potentially islet-toxic superoxide from mononuclear cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050317
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endotoxin impairs the engraftment of rat islets transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of C57BL/6-mice (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Islet transplantation ; Xenograft survival ; Inflammatory reaction ; Endotoxin ; Islet mass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of endotoxin on islet xenograft survival within the first three days after transplantation. Pancreatic islets from Lewis rats were prepared under endotoxin-free conditions with Liberase (Boehringer) and purified by centrifugation on endotoxin-free Ficoll/Histopaque. After overnight incubation, with or without 10 µg/ml endotoxin, the islets were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of normoglycemic C57Bl/6-mice. Three days later, kidneys were removed and their insulin content were measured. We could demonstrate significant differences (P〈0.01) in insulin recovery between lipopolysaccharide-free and lipopolysaccharide-containing grafts. In case of endotoxin contaminated islets, we found only 13±2% (n=9) of the original insulin content, in contrast to 53±7% (n=9) when endotoxin-free islets where grafted. In experiments with islets isolated by use of conventional (lipopolysaccharide-containing) collagenase, and then cultured in endotoxin-free medium, insulin recovery three days after transplantation was 36±1% (n=13).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isokinetic gradient centrifugation prolongs survival of pig islets xenografted into mice (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Porcine islets of Langerhans ; Purification ; Islet xenograft rejection ; Islet transplantation ; Islet culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Highly purified porcine islets were prepared by isokinetic gradients performed subsequently to isopycnic gradients. This additional purification step separates ductal, vascular, and lymphoid tissue effectively from endocrine tissue. Although ductal, vascular, and lymphoid tissue comprises only a minor contamination of the islet suspensions, a significant prolongation of the survival of porcine islets xenografted into streptozotocin diabetic C57BL/6 mice can be achieved by the elimination of the non-endocrine tissue. Rejection after islet transplantation is delayed from 2.2±0.4 days (n=27) to 13.1±2.1 days (n=36), respectiveley, when conventionally purified and highly purified islets are compared. Irrespective of the purification state, pretreatment of islets by low temperature culture had no effect on xenograft survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050331
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endotoxin-mediated activation of cytokine production in human PBMCs by collagenase and Ficoll (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 118-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Collagenase ; Ficoll ; Endotoxin ; Human mononuclear cells ; Interleukin-1β release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endotoxin-induced early inflammatory reactions may inhibit the function and survival of isolated cells or cell aggregates after transplantation. By the chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay we found rather high but variable endotoxin concentrations in the chemicals used for islet isolation, i.e. collagenase and Ficoll. Liberase, a special collagenase preparation from Boehringer, was nearly endotoxin-free. Correlating to the endotoxin content, collagenase and Ficoll had the capacity to induce interleukin-1β release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Because collagenase and density gradient media are needed in most cell isolation procedures from solid organs, each lot of these chemicals should be tested for endotoxin contamination. In pancreatic islet transplantation, the use of endotoxin-free chemicals may diminish early local inflammatory reactions at the graft site and thereby reduce the number of islets needed for successful islet transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050316
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of insulin degradation by thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase (glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase) and proteinases of pancreatic islets
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymology 422 (1976), S. 254-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2744
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2744(76)90136-4
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and melting behaviour of plasticized poly(vinylidenechloride) (1988)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 19 (1988), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(vinylidenechloride) powders and films plasticized by different amounts of dibutylsebacate have been investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The molecular mobility of the segments is enhanced by the presence of plasticizer which lowers the glass transition temperature and supports the crystallization behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and melting behaviour of plasticized poly(vinylidenechloride) (1988)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 19 (1988), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The kinetic of the crystallization process of slightly plasticized poly(vinylidenechloride) at room temperature (296 K) can be observed by FTIR spectroscopy. In dependence on the amount of plasticizer the half-time for crystallization decreases due to an increased segmental mobility of the stiff PVDC chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257010
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Überführung des Dibenzalsorbits in Hexaacetylsorbit (1930)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 59 (1930), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01663424
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