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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 2 (1973), S. A286 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 12 (1972), S. 187-200 
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 211 (1968), S. 89-106 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Anschluß an frühere Untersuchungen über die Entstehung und das Verhalten von Oberflächenladungen an den Innenwänden von Dioden werden die beobachteten Zeitabhängigkeiten des Anodenstroms und des Potentials der für das Meßverfahren charakteristischen Außenelektrode quantitativ behandelt. Der Vergleich der Rechenresultate mit den früheren sowie mit neuen experimentellen Ergebnissen zeigt, daß die zugrunde gelegten Modellvorstellungen die physikalischen Vorgänge im Prinzip richtig beschreiben.
    Notes: Abstract The origin and the behaviour of surface charges on the inner walls of differently sized diodes has been investigated by the authors previously. Now, a quantitative treatment is given for the time dependence of the anode current as well as of the potential of an electrode on the outside of the diodes which is characteristic for this method of investigation. The comparison between the results of the calculations and the experimental data shows the models to be adequate on which the calculations are based.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 106 (1937), S. 643-653 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 172-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Bovine Serum ; Kininogen ; Peptides ; Enzymes ; Structure Evaluation ; Rinderserum ; Kininogen ; Peptide ; Enzyme ; Struktur-aufklärung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Rinderserum ergab beim Umsatz mit Pepsin niedermolekulare, kininliefernde Spaltstücke. Das durch Fällung, Verteilung, Gelfiltration und Jonenaustausch-Chromatographie vorgereinigte Hydrolysat ließ sich durch Papierchromatographie in 2 Fraktionen trennen, auf die sich die kininliefernde Gruppierung im Verhältnis 5∶1 verteilte. 2. Beide kininliefernde Fraktionen waren resistent gegen Carboxypeptidase B, was gegen eine C-terminale Position der Kininsequenz spricht. Sie waren aktivierbar durch Trypsin, Pankreaskallikrein und auch Carboxypeptidase A. Trypsin in höherer Konzentration entwickelte aus der Hauptfraktion (L) Bradykinin, während mit Pankreaskallikrein, Carboxypeptidase A und kleinen Trypsinmengen Met-Lys-Bradykinin entstand. Die „direkte“ Aktivität der Fraktionen am Meerschweinchenileum lag bei maximal 1–2% der „indirekten“. 3. Aus der chromatographisch langsameren Hauptfraktion (L) wurde hoch-spannungselektrophoretisch ein einheitliches Minimalsubstrat für Kininogenasen isoliert. In seiner Aminosäurenanalyse entsprach es dem aus gereinigtem Rinderserum-Kininogen isolierten Hauptpeptid PKFL; auch beim Edman-Abbau ergaben sich keine Unterschiede. 4. Die früher für gereinigtes Kininogen beschriebenen Sequenzen sind also auch für Gesamtserum repräsentativ. Hinweise auf andersartige Peptide, insbesondere auf solche mit der Kininsequenz in C-terminaler Position, ergaben sich nicht.
    Notes: Summary 1. Peptic treatment of bovine serum produced kinin yielding substances of low molecular weight. The hydrolyzate was purified by precipitation, partition, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Subsequent paper chromatography revealed two fractions with a 5∶1 distribution of the kinin-yielding property. 2. Both kinin-yielding fractions were resistant to carboxypeptidase B, a finding which argues against a C-terminal position of the kinin sequence. They could be activated by trypsin, pancreatic kallikrein, and carboxypeptidase A. Higher concentrations of trypsin released bradykinin from the main fraction (L), whereas pancreatic kallikrein, carboxypeptidase A and low amounts of trypsin produced met-lysbradykinin. The “direct” activity of the fractions as measured on the guinea pig ileum was no more than 1–2% of the “indirect” activity. 3. A homogeneous minimal substrate was isolated from the chromatographically slower fraction L by high voltage electrophoresis. With respect to amino acid analysis and Edman degradation, it could not be distinguished from the peptide PKFL isolated from purified bovine kininogen. 4. Therefore, the sequences described previously in purified kininogen are also representative for whole serum. Evidence for different peptides, especially with the kinin sequence in C-terminal position, was not found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 269 (1971), S. 101-111 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Kininogens ; Kallikreins ; Bradykinin ; Hageman Factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sephadex G 200 chromatography of non-contacted human or bovine plasma reveals one peak of kininogen (LMW kininogen) which serves as substrate for both trypsin and contact kallikrein (= prekallikrein activated by Hageman Factor.) 2. Under special conditions (faster flow rate, protection with diisopropyl fluorophosphate and hexadimethrine bromide), a small kininogen fraction of higher molecular weight (HMW) occasionally preceded the LMW substrate. It appeared increased when the plasma was hemolytic whether contacted or not. 3. Native human plasma was subjected to DEAE sephadex chromatography using stepwise elution starting with relatively high salt concentration. The second peak called HMW-kininogen emerged together with the abrupt increase in ionic strength and contained 2.2 to 4.8 times less kinin than did the first. Both kininogens yielded kinin with purified contact kallikrein. 4. By analytical gel filtration of different HMW-kininogen preparations, molecular weights of about 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 were estimated. We conclude that HMW-kininogen is not represented by a distinct, individual molecule. It may be a polymer of the low molecular weight kininogen or an aggregate of it with other plasma constituents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 269 (1971), S. 85-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Kininogens ; Kallikreins ; Bradykinin ; Protease Inhibitors ; Hageman Factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Prekallikrein, prepared according to Nagasawaet al., has been purified further by agarose gel electrophoresis. It can be activated directly by Hageman factor and by solid phase trypsin. Its specific activity (benzoyl arginine ethyl ester as substrate) was 13.2 μM min−1 mg−1. Gel filtration on a calibrated column of sephadex G 200 revealed a molecular weight of 101,000, which is close to the value reported for casein-activated kallikrein. 2. The contact-activated bovine enzyme was very similar to casein-activated porcine kallikrein. Both enzymes hydrolyzed benzoyl arginine ethyl ester and tosylarginine methyl ester with about the same speed. The sensitivity of the two preparations against trasylol®, soy bean inhibitor, and serum inhibitor was also not different. 3. In contrast to previous assumptions, purified bovine LMW kininogen (MW 50,000) proved to be substrate for contact-activated kallikrein. As with the caseinactivated enzyme, the total bradykinin content of the kininogen could be released. 4. Serum, even when heated previously to 61°C, contains inhibitors against kallikreins activated by contact or casein, as well as against trypsin. Whereas pretreatment according to Diniz and Carvalho (pH about 2; 98°C) renders the serum more susceptible to trypsin, such denaturated substrate is less accessible for both kallikreins. Serum or plasma pretreated according to Horton (pH2; 37°C), yield at least 50% of the kinin activity obtained with trypsin, irrespective of the kallikreins used. 5. When acid-treated (according to Horton) 61°-serum has been incubated first with casein-activated kallikrein, contact-activated enzyme does not release additional kinin activity and vice versa. 6. Plasma which has been rotated exhaustively with glass, nevertheless contains substrate for contact-activated kallikrein. 7. Addition of Hageman factor to Horton's substrate does not increase the kinin yield above that obtained by glass-contact of normal plasma. Addition of prekallikrein, however, increases the kinin yield about threefold. Therefore, neither Hageman factor nor substrate, but the actual amount of active kallikrein limits the kinin yield upon glass activation. 8. Our experiments with serum kallikreins and their substrates can be interpreted without assuming a distinct, contact activated kinin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 249-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 77 (1926), S. 596-612 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Fall von chronischer Zwangserkrankung wurde in charakterologischer, klinischer, genealogischer Richtung untersucht; nach den Ergebnissen wurde angenommen,daß er eine funktionelle Erkrankungmit eigenem Erbgang darstellt, bei der es auf dem Boden einer sensitiv gewissensängstlichen Persönlichkeit zu einem systematisierten Zwangssyndrom kommt. Es wurde versucht, den Beziehungen zur paranoischen Entwicklung nachzugehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 77 (1926), S. 740-788 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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