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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 33 (1994), S. 4375-4383 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 24 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: A new inventory designed to assess perceptions of prejudice and discrimination experiences on the job was developed. Three approaches to validating it were employed. First, factor analysis was done for responses from one set of workers then replicated with responses from a second sample. These analyses indicated that a single significant factor accounted for a large proportion of the variance in responses to 15 of the 16 items on the inventory. Second, to begin to develop its place in a nomological network, a study was done in which the prejudice/discrimination inventory scores were correlated with other theoretically relevant constructs. Finally, a known-group comparison approach was taken in which scores on the inventory were contrasted from three groups of respondents known to differ in perceptions of workplace prejudice/discrimination levels. Both the correlational and the comparative data generally supported the validity of the instrument
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 22 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: A theory of the interaction of perceptions of conflict and dispositional tendencies on individual creativity is presented and tested. It is argued that there are two broad classes of people: those who are primarily socially oriented and those who are primarily instrumentally oriented. Further, on tasks that match their orientation, individuals are proposed to generally adhere to patterns and strategies that experience has taught them are most likely to work. This should mitigate against creativity. On tasks outside of their area of specialization, however, individuals are typically expected to be more random in their thinking, which should promote creativity. Perceived conflict is argued to lead to a reversal of this pattern, however. That is, perceptions of conflict were expected to promote creativity on tasks within, and reduce it on tasks outside of, individuals area of primary interest. These ideas were tested in two studies, one with university employees and one with minority students. The results of both studies generally supported the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Citrate synthases from both thermophilic and halophilic Archaea have been purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography on Matrex Gel Red A and elution with a combination of substrate (oxaloacetate) and product (coenzyme A). In a number of cases, purification from cell-extract to protein suitable for N-terminal sequencing can be achieved by this single-step procedure. The method is particularly useful in the rapid purification of a thermophilic archaeal citrate synthase from a cloned gene expressed in a mesophilic host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 57 (1992), S. 3397-3404 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 217 (1968), S. 261-262 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The suspensions of sensitized spleen cells were prepared from female rats of a hooded strain which had received two intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg of alum precipitated bovine serum albumin (alum BSA), 6 weeks and 2 weeks before the spleen was removed. The preparation and properties of the horse ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 records details of the age, weight, sex and source of the rats used. The anti-lymphocytic serum was produced using thoracic duct lymphocytes obtained from random bred Wistar rats (group 5, Table 1). The immunization schedule used, and the preparation and properties of the normal horse and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words TNFα ; TNFβ ; sTNF-RI ; sTNF-RII ; Bladder cancer ; BCG immunotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intravesical immunotherapy for bladder cancer is the most effective form of tumour immunotherapy. Following repeated instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) organisms into the bladder large 0quantities of several cytokines are detected in the urine. These cytokines include interleukins IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon γ (IFNγ) and also soluble intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. In the work reported here we simultaneously quantified urinary levels of TNFα, TNFβ, TNF receptor I and TNF receptor II by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques and compared this with bioactive levels of TNF. This was undertaken with a limited number of patients throughout a course of six instillations of immuno therapy. Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of TNFα and TNFβ into urine. These cytokines were not always secreted simultaneously, perhaps suggesting differential regulation of their synthesis. Maximal concentrations of TNFα were 675 pg/ml and TNFβ 47 pg/ml. High levels of both species of soluble TNF receptor were readily identified in urine. Maximal levels of sTNF-RI were 6200 pg/ml (range from 0) and for sTNF-RII 7800 pg/ml (range from 0). Contrasting with earlier published observations concerning cytokine levels, the concentration of soluble receptor did not increase with repeated instillation. In apparent contrast with the ELISA data, very low levels of bioactive TNF were identified by the L929 bioassay (maximum concentration 1 U/ml) despite the elevated concen t ration of immunoreactive TNF. The large concentrations of soluble TNF receptor in patients’ urine samples could account for the apparently low bioactivity as determined by the L929 cytotoxicity assay. The precise nature of the role of TNF in BCG immunotherapy remains undetermined; however, it is thought that proinflammatory cytokines are in part responsible for the clinical efficacy of this therapeutic approach. Whether other cytokines are antogonised by soluble binding proteins remains to be determined. Furthermore, whether TNF is bioactive in the bladder wall and only neutralised in the urine also requires investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; ICAM-1 ; MHC class II ; BCG therapy ; Interferon γ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bladder cancer cells were stimulated with urine obtained from patients with superficial bladder cancer who had received treatment using intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The urine from the first 12 h following each of six BCG instillations was collected and examined for its biological effect. We evaluated effects that had previously been attributed to cytokines detected in the urine of such patients. The modulation of MHC class II antigen and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were studied. Using neutralizing polyclonal antibodies to interferon γ and tumour factor α the relative contribution of these molecules to the effects investigated were determined. When cells were stimulated for up to 48 h with first-instillation urine, little effect was seen in any of the parameters investigated. Urine from the sixth instillation, however, proved to be a potent immunomodulatory agent, inducing MHC class II molecule and ICAM-1 expression. Urine from instillations two to five mediated increasing immunomodulatory effects. When sixth-instillation urine samples were treated with neutralizing antibodies to interferon γ prior to their addition to the bladder cancer cells, a marked and significant decrease in their potency was observed. Only in urine from one patient did any immunomodulatory capability remain after antibody treatment. Neutralizing antibodies to tumour necrosis factor α, however, failed to reduce the ability of any patient's urine to induce ICAM-1 expression. When both antibodies were used simultaneously no further decrease in potency was observed. These studies demonstrate for the first time the potential immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of urine produced by patients receiving intravesical BCG. Furthermore, in all samples tested, the major immunomodulatory component was shown to be interferon γ. Although tumour necrosis factor α is produced as a result of BCG therapy, this cytokine did not appear to contribute to the parameters investigated. namely the induction of HLA class II antigens, and cell-surface ICAM-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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