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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gentamicin-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa: Concepts regarding their evolution and attenuated virulence (1982)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 8 (1982), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a free-living bacterial species, is a major nosocomial pathogen, especially of compromised patients within medical facilities. Numerous factors contribute to the ecological selection of this bacterial species within the hospital environment, among which the expression of newly acquired or quiescent enzymatic capability seems par-amount. The emergence of pathogenic strains ofP. aeruginosa appears to be gradual, embodying a transition of strains from their natural aquatic environment, to establishing inanimate (hospital) and animate (human) reservoirs. In this stepwise transition, subsets ofP. aeruginosa may evolve which express a survival trait, for example, gentamicin resistance, but concomitantly suffer a loss of invasive potential. In this study,P. aeruginosa strains from natural [22], hospital [11], and stool [17] sources were evaluated for their physiological and exoenzymatic activity and compared with gentamicin-resistantP. aeruginosa (GRPA) strains [49] of clinical origin. As a whole, environmental and hospital isolates showed reduced enzymatic potential, for example, frequency of production of elastase, lipase, deoxyribonuclease, and pyocyanin production. Human fecal isolates most closely resembled the prototype of human invasiveP. aeruginosa in their gentamicin susceptibility (95%) and increased frequencies of exoenzymes, including elastase production. On the other hand, GRPA were frequently apyocyanogenic (9/49), lacked extracellular enzymes correlated with pathogenicity, and were rarely isolated from systemic sites. When encountered, these strains appeared to represent colonization of a body site rather than incitants of overt infection. As a “subset” ofP. aeruginosa, gentamicin resistance was seen predominantly among serotype 11 strains, and encountered most frequently from patients with localized urinary tract infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010673
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathogenicity of Aeromonas strains relative to genospecies and phenospecies identification (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 90 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relative pathogenicity of 80 Aeromonas strains typed by biochemical (phenospecies) and genetic (genospecies) methods was assessed by determining the 50% lethal dose for each isolate in Swiss-Webster mice by intraperitoneal injection. Overall, the maximum difference in virulence potential observed between the least and most pathogenic strains was a four log (10 000-fold) difference. Results according to phenospecies designation supported previous investigations indicating that both A. hydrophila and A. sobria are inherently more pathogenic for mice than A. caviae. According to genospecies designation, the relative virulence of individual groups in decreasing order was as follows: HG 9 (A. jandaei) 〉 HG 1 (A. hyrophila) and HG 12 (A. schubertii) 〉 HG 10 (A. veronii binotype veronii) 〉 HG 8 (A. veronii binotype sobria) 〉 HG 11 (unnamed) 〉 HG 2 (unnamed) 〉 HG 3 (A. salmonicida), HG 4 (A. caviae) and HG 6 (A. eucrenophila) 〉 HG 5 (A. meida) 〉 HG 7 A. sobria)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb05120.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A colorimetric estimation of lipopolysaccharides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 16 (1971), S. 343-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(71)80386-1
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Änderungen in der Aktivität der Lactatdehydrogenase bei Mutter und Frucht im Laufe der Geburt (1966)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 203 (1966), S. 317-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Schlußfolgerung Im Verlauf von 18 physiologischen Geburten wurde die LDH-Aktivität im Serum der Gebärenden, in der Nabelarterie und Vene verfolgt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß die LDH-Aktivität bei der Gebärenden im Laufe der Geburt fast um das Doppelte ansteigt, vom Durchschnittswert von 427 E (S.E. 33) am Geburtsbeginn zu 700 E im Durchschnitt (S.E. 44) amd Ende der II. Geburtsperiode. Die LDH-Aktivität im Nabelblut ist signifikant höher als bei der Mutter im Augenblick der Geburt, in der Nabelvene beträgt sie durchschnittlich 871 E (S.E. 65), in der Umbilicalarterie durchschnittlich 951 E (S.E. 71). Der Anstieg der LDH-Aktivität bei der Gebärenden sowie in den Nabelgefäßen weist eine Abhängigkeit von der Dauer der Geburtstätigkeit auf. Je höher jedoch die LDH-Aktivität bei der Gebärenden liegt, desto höher ist sie auch in den Nabelgefäßen bei der Frucht zu finden. Dieses Verhältnis der fetalmaternellen LDH-Aktivität, das durch den Indexwert $$I = \frac{{A \cdot U}}{M}$$ ausgedrückt wird, beträgt im Durchschnitt 1,36±013 und erhöht sich signifikant mit dem Anstieg der LDH-Aktivität in der Umbilicalarterie. Es wurde die Meinung ausgedrückt, daß die Frucht selbst wahrscheinlich den Anstieg der LDH-Aktivität regelt und das es sich nicht bloß um einen unmittelbaren Einfluß seitens der Mutter handelt. Warum dem so ist, kann einstweilen nicht entschieden werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00673133
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of human papillomavirus type 16 activity in separate biopsies from a carcinoma of the cervix uteri (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human papillomavirus 16 differentiation dependence ; Separate biopsies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV)16-specific nucleic acid sequences were analysed in separate biopsies taken from a patient with a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Biopsies were obtained from histopathologically normal epithelium adjacent to the carcinomatous epithelium, the primary carcinoma and a metastatic lymph node. Signals characterizing viral DNA and oncogene transcription were obviously differentiation dependent as shown by in situ hybridization of viral nucleic acids and immunofluorescence of epithelial differentiation specific proteins. In histologically normal parts of the epithelium viral DNA was amplified at the transition from basal to maturing cells, whereas E6/E7 genes were actively transcribed mainly in maturing epithelial cells following the basal cell layer. Some of the cells in the primary carcinoma and in the metastatic lymph node expressed involucrin at increased levels. Signals for viral DNA and HPV16-specific E6/E7 transcripts decreased in intensity during differentiation in an inverse relationship to the observed involucrin increase in those cells. The absence of Ki67 in cells expressing large amounts of involucrin as revealed by immunostaining, support the inverse correlation between differentiation of cancer cells, HPV16 replication and E6/E7 transcription. The changes in cytokine expression may indicate an HPV16 associated disruption of normal cytokine expression pattern in the carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197550
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood flow and transport of free fatty acids in striated muscle under chronic ischemia (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 367 (1976), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rat tibialis muscle ; Free fatty acids ; Transport outflow ; Inflow rate ; Blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three weeks of ischemia of the right hind limb in rat produced by ligature and severing of the right common iliac artery, resulted in changes in FFA transport and blood flow in the regenerating tibialis muscle. FFA transport was measured using i.v. administered palmitate-1-14C bound to albumin. Uptake of palmitate-1-14C or86Rb 90 s after i.v. administration was decreased in ischemic tibialis muscle, whereas no apparent effect of ischemia on the contralateral muscle was seen. Plasma FFA outflow rate measured according Beker and Rostami was not affected by the presence of an ischemic extremity in comparison with control animals. The plasma FFA inflow rate into the ischemic muscle was markedly decreased to values of 6.5 mμmoles FFA/min/g whereas in control animals values were 18.8 mμmoles FFA/min/g wet tissue. Decreased FFA inflow rate to the ischemic tibialis muscle was due to the decreased radioactivity of palmitate-1-14C in the muscle under the conditions of a constant plasma FFA pool. Differences in the uptake of palmitate-1-14C in tibialis muscle were dependent upon the muscle blood flow, which was markedly decreased in the ischemic muscle on indirect measurement with86Rb or with the133Xe clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583656
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of anabolic hormone 19-nortestosterone propionate on the metabolism of striated muscle during experimental ischaemia (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Striated muscle ; Ischaemia ; Red and white fibres ; Enzymes ; Anabolic hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the anabolic hormone 19-nortestosterone propionate (Superanabolon Spofa) on the metabolism of chronically ischaemic striated muscle (anterior tibial m.) was studied in a described model in the rat. Metabolic changes were estimated in terms of the activities of a number of enzymes in muscle fibres. Enzyme activities (AcP, ATPase, CE, LDH, MDH) were determined both biochemically and histochemically excepting SDH, which was determined only by the histochemical way. Morphological changes were investigated by routine histology. Administration of 19-nortestosterone propionate prevented enzymatic changes which are typical for chronic ischaemia, primarily the decrease in the activities of dehydrogenases of Krebs' cycle tricarboxylic acides (MDH, SDH). In addition, the ratio of red to white muscle fibres increased. Administration of anabolic hormone has a similar favourable action on ischaemic muscle as training, studied previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583460
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overview of the etiology of wound infections with particular emphasis on community-acquired illnesses (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 189-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wound cultures represent a general catchall category for a group of extremely diverse anatomic samples that range from superficial specimens of cutaneous structures (folliculitis, cellulitis) to specimens revealing invasive infections involving deep fascial planes and muscle (myonecrosis). Because of the complex nature of these infective processes, the terminology associated with such infections is often imprecise and confusing. Wounds are the result of trauma, either intentionally or accidentally induced. Nosocomial wound infections result primarily from surgical procedures, the development of pressure sores, or catheterization. Community-acquired wound infections are often preceded by injuries resulting from occupational exposure or recreational activities and are associated with a greater diversity of microorganisms due to the exposure of open wounds to inhabitants of the microbial biosphere. This review provides a general overview of the categories of wound infections and describes their acquisition and clinical significance. Particular emphasis is placed on selected community-acquired wound infections and the etiologic agents associated with such conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709581
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vero cytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli in children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and diarrhoea in Czechoslovakia (1990)
    Springer
    Infection 18 (1990), S. 204-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei sechs Kindern mit hämolytisch-urämischem Syndrom und einem Kind mit hämorrhagischer Kolitis wurde nach Verotoxin bildenden Stämmen vonEscherichia coli (VTEC) gesucht. Das Stuhl-Screening auf Stämme derSerogruppe O157 erfolgte auf Sorbitol-MacConkey Agar; zum Nachweis von VTEC und anderen Serogruppen wurde die Serotypisierung eingesetzt. Verotoxin (VT) wurde auf Monolayer-Verozellkulturen nachgewiesen; die Bestimmung der Antigenvariante von VT erfolgte durch Neutralisationsversuche. Bei allen sieben Kindern konnten im Stuhl Stämme nachgewiesen werden, die Verotoxin 1 oder Verotoxin 2 bildeten. Drei Stämme gehörten der Serogruppe O157 an (zwei davon Serotyp O157:H7, einer war ohne Motilität) und die übrigen fünf gehörten zu den Serogruppen O26 (zwei Stämme), O1, O5 und O18. Freies VT konnte in fünf Stühlen nachgewiesen werden; diese Untersuchung war nur bei fünf Kindern durchführbar. 32E. coli-Stämme vom Serotyp O26:H11, Isolate von Kindern mit Diarrhoe, wurden retrospektiv ebenfalls auf Bildung von VT untersucht. Davon bildeten achtin vitro (25%) noch mittel- bis hohe Spiegel von Verotoxin 1 obwohl sie schon mehrere Jahre lang gelagert waren. VTEC einschließlich der Stämme der Serogruppe O157 stellen folglich wichtige Erreger des hämolytischurämischen Syndroms, der hämorrhagischen Kolitis und anderer Formen der Diarrhoe bei Kindern in der Tschechoslowakei dar.
    Notes: Summary The presence of verotoxin-producing strains ofEscherichia coli (VTEC) was examined in six children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome and one child with haemorrhagic colitis. Stools were screened for strains of serogroup O157 on sorbitol-MacConkey agar for VTEC of other serogroups by serotyping. Verotoxin (VT) was tested on Vero cell monolayers: the antigenic variant of VT was assessed by neutralization experiments. Strains producing verotoxin 1 or verotoxin 2 or both were detected in the stools of all seven children. Three strains belonged to serogroup O157 (two of them to serotype O157:H7, one was non-motile) and another five belonged to serogroups O26 (two strains), O1, O5 and O18. The faeces of five children available for testing contained free VT. Production of VT was also examined retrospectively in 32E. coli strains of serotype O26:H11 isolated from children with diarrhoea; eight (25%) of them produced moderate to high levels of verotoxin 1 despite several years storagein vitro. In conclusion, VTEC including strains of serogroup O157 seem to be an important cause of haemolytic uraemic syndrome, haemorrhagic colitis and diarrhoea in children in Czechoslovakia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01643386
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verotoxigenic (enterohaemorrhagic) Escherichia coli in infants and toddlers in Czechoslovakia (1990)
    Springer
    Infection 18 (1990), S. 352-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen, daß verotoxigeneEscherichia coli (VTEC), die zu enteropathogenen und anderen Serogruppen gehören, einschließlichEscherichia coli O157 : H7 evtl. H-, bedeutende Enteropathogene bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern in der CSFR darstellen. Unter den enteropathogenen Serotypen wurde die Produktion von Verotoxin (VT) am häufigsten bei Stämmen der Serogruppe O26 und weiter bei O111 und O128 nachgewiesen. Diese Erkrankungen verliefen am häufigsten wie ein fieberhafter wäßriger Durchfall mit Schleimbeimengung. Von fünf Säuglingen mitEscherichia coli O 26 : H11 mit VT1-Produktion im Titer ≥ 1 : 512 hatten zwei Blutbeimengungen in Stühlen und in einem Fall wurden starke Bauchschmerzen beobachtet. Ein hämolytisch-urämisches Syndrom im Zusammenhang mit VTEC der Serogruppen O157, O26, O18, O5 und O1 mit VT1 und/oder VT2 wurde bei sechs Kindern beobachtet. Von diesen erkrankten fünf Kinder während einer Epidemie in einer kleinen Stadt und die Ansteckungsquelle war wahrscheinlich kontaminiertes Wasser. Fünf Kinder genasen und ein Kind starb; der Sektionsbefund bewies eine hämorrhagische Kolitis und Nierenrindennekrose. Der Verlauf der vonEscherichia coli O157 hervorgerufenen Kolitiden bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern unterschied sich vom bisher bei älteren Personen beschriebenen Verlauf durch Fieber und Schleimbeimengungen in den Stühlen.
    Notes: Summary The results of the investigation indicate that verotoxigenicEscherichia coli (VTEC) belonging to enteropathogenic and other serogroups includingEscherichia coli O157 : H7 or H- are important enteropathogens in infants and toddlers in Czechoslovakia. As to enteropathogenic serotypes, verotoxin (VT) production was proved most frequently in strains of serogroup O26, and also O111 and O128. Diseases caused by them were as a rule manifested by febrile watery diarrhoea with mucus in the stool. In two of five infants withEscherichia coli O26 : H11 with VT1 production in titres of ≥ 1 : 512 (blood was present) in the stool and one suffered from marked abdominal pain. In one infant haemorrhagic colitis due toEscherichia coli O157 : H- was found. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with VTEC of serogroups O157, O26, O18, O5 and O1 with VT1 and/or VT2 was observed in six children including five who contracted the disease during an outbreak in a small town, and the source of infection was probably contaminated water. Five children recovered and one died; the postmortem examination revealed haemorrhagic colitis and necrosis of the renal cortex. Haemorrhagic colitis caused byEscherichia coli O157 in infants and toddlers differed from the course hitherto described in older subjects by fever and the presence of mucus in the stools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646403
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