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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser plasma source of amorphic diamond (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 216-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphic diamond films characterized by a high percentage of sp3 bonds have been prepared in an UHV environment with a laser plasma source of carbon ions. Peak power densities in excess of 1011 W/cm2 were found necessary to produce films at growth rates of 0.5 μm/h over areas of 20 cm2 having optical quality sufficient to show bright interference colors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion and mechanical properties of amorphic diamond films prepared by a laser plasma discharge source (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1446-1453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphic diamond films can be grown in an ultrahigh vacuum environment free from hydrogen with a laser plasma discharge source. This technique produces films that adhere more readily to materials for which there are important applications as protective coatings. In this work adhesion and mechanical properties of amorphic diamond films have been examined. A beam bending method has been used to measure the internal stress and a relatively low value of compressive stress was found. The dependence of stress on the laser intensities at the graphite ablation target has been studied. Analyses of these films on silicon, SiO2, ZnS, and TiAl6V4 by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show significant interfacial layers with compositions of SiC, C0.5SiO2, C2.5ZnS, and C0.62Ti0.35Al0.05V0.02, respectively. Adhesion properties on ZnS and other substrates have also been examined for harsh environments. The mechanical properties of hardness, Young's modulus, and stiffness have been obtained with a nanoindentation technique. These results together with the minimal amount of hydrogen in our process, make amorphic diamond an excellent candidate for direct deposition on several substrates including ZnS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351267
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure of amorphic diamond films (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7862-7870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It has been previously reported that layers of amorphic diamond can be grown in a UHV environment free from hydrogen with a laser plasma source. Some advantages are offered by this technique which produces films that adhere more readily to materials for which there are important applications. Theory has recently suggested a structure for amorphic diamond that comprises nodules of carbon atoms linked by sp3 bonds in a matrix of other polytypes and the purpose of this article is to communicate strong evidence in support of that hypothesis. Extensive examinations of a variety of films with a scanning tunneling microscope show a clearly prevalent structure composed of dense nodules. Grain size is about 1000 A(ring) and the diamond character is attested by the agreement of morphology, high density, optical properties, soft x-ray spectroscopy, hardness, and lack of appreciable hydrogen. Measurements agree in supporting a fraction of about 75% diamond contents. The principal conclusion is that this material prepared with a laser plasma source has the structure expected for amorphic diamond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural analyses of amorphic diamond, i-C, and amorphous carbon (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent experiments have identified the microstructure of amorphic diamond with a model of packed nodules of amorphous diamond expected theoretically. However, this success has left in doubt the relationship of amorphic diamond to other noncrystalline forms of carbon. This work reports the comparative examinations of the microstructures of samples of amorphic diamond, i-C, and amorphous carbon. Four distinct morphologies were found that correlated closely with the energy densities used in preparing the different materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352168
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bonding of protective films of amorphic diamond to titanium (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 3260-3265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Films of amorphic diamond can be deposited from laser plasma ions without the use of catalysts such as hydrogen or fluorine. Prepared without columnar patterns of growth, the layers of this material have been reported to have "bulk'' values of mechanical properties that have suggested their usage as protective coatings for metals. Described here is a study of the bonding and properties realized in one such example, the deposition of amorphic diamond on titanium. Measurements with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy showed that the diamond coatings deposited from laser plasmas were chemically bonded to Ti substrates in 100–200-A(ring)-thick interfacial layers containing some crystalline precipitates of TiC. Resistance to wear was estimated with a modified sand blaster and in all cases the coating was worn away without any rupture or deterioration of the bonding layer. Such wear was greatly reduced and lifetimes of the coated samples were increased by a factor of better than 300 with only 2.7 μm of amorphic diamond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351390
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amorphic diamond films produced by a laser plasma source (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 2081-2087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently, attention has been focused upon laser plasma sources of thin-film diamond. These depend upon laser-ignited discharges in which intense pulsed currents flow through the small volume of carbon plasma ablated from graphite feedstock by a focused laser beam. The materials produced in this way generally resemble the hard amorphic films deposited by ion beams. This paper reports a detailed characterization of these films which we call amorphic diamond. The combination of an optical band gap of 1.0 eV with a grain size of 100–200 A(ring) places this material far outside the range of possibilities available to the model of graphitic islands. A structure of very fine grained diamond would more readily explain the hardness of 13 GPa determined in the absence of any measurable fraction of hydrogen. Such amorphic diamond films have been grown uniformly on 100-cm2 areas at ambient room temperatures with no seeding or abrasion of the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345566
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personal-computer-based control system for a 1.8 T hybrid wiggler : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1949-1951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A control system has been developed for the 1.8 T wiggler to be delivered to the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The system serves three major functions: gap monitoring and control, end-corrector adjustment and tracking, and interlock safety and monitoring. The end correctors are programmed with a gap-following feature for compensation of the electron trajectory in both transverse planes at all gaps. Software and hardware interlocks are provided for overtravel limits and protection against excessive variation in gap from end to end. The system is designed for stand-alone operation as well as for compatibility with the SRRC central control system. Because the wiggler controller is based on a personal computer and uses the LabVIEW programming language, it is readily adaptable for other wiggler or undulator applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145766
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a 1.8 T permanent magnet wiggler system (abstract) : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1952-1952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design, development, and realization of a 1.8 T permanent magnet hybrid wiggler system is presented. This 3.0 m wiggler has a 200 mm period, operating at a minimum gap of 22 mm. It has 27 poles and integrated end correctors and field clamps. The magnetic design for this device is pushed to a regime where few hybrid devices have operated. The very large peak field causes a significant increase in the saturation of the vanadium permendur poles. The operating point also significantly impacts the transverse uniformity of the field and the magnet operating point. The magnetic design approach and the development of a mechanical structure which provides adequate strength and stability are discussed. The system is a complete stand-alone system with a fully integrated controls system and complete insertion device magnetics measurement system. The adjustment of the end compensation of the device with the presence of the field clamps requires particular attention. The distinctive elements of the design and the result of the magnetic and mechanical testing of the device are presented. This wiggler is being delivered to the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center for installation at the beginning of 1995. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145767
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass flow in laser-plasma deposition of carbon under oblique angles of incidence (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52.5øJ ; 81.15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The angular distribution of the mass flow in carbon laser plasmas, generated from graphite targets at laser power densities around 1011 W/cm2 and 1064 nm, was studied. Under oblique angles of incidence the mass flow is not perpendicular to the target surface but rather symmetrical around the bisecting angle between the laser beam and the surface normal. For all angles, however, a cos4ϑ-pattern is observed. Compared to normal incidence the mass flow is weaker by about a factor of 2 to 3 for 30° and 50° angle of incidence. The dependence of film quality on deposition angle with regard to the symmetry axis of the plume is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324204
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