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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of new trabecular bone in osteopenic ovariectomized rats by prostaglandin E2 (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 80-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: PGE2 ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; New bone trabeculae ; Positive balance ; Accelerated bone turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Serum chemistry and bone morphometry of the proximal tibial metaphysis were performed in 3-month-old double fluorescent-labeled, female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to bilateral ovariectomy or sham surgery for 4 months prior to treatment with 0, 0.3, 1, 3, or 6 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/kg/day subcutaneously for 30 days. The 4-month postovariectomized rats possessed an osteopenic proximal tibial metaphysis with 7% trabecular area compared with controls (19%). PGE2 treatment elevated osteocalcin levels and augmented proximal tibial metaphyseal bone area in ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. Osteopenic, ovariectomized rats treated with 6 mg PGE2/kg/day for 30 days restored bone area to levels of agematched sham-operated rats. Morphometric analyses showed increased woven and lamellar bone area, fluorescent-labeled perimeter (osteoblastic recruitment), mineral apposition rate (osteoblastic activity), bone formation rate (BFR/BV), and longitudinal bone growth. These dramatic bone changes were all significantly increased at the doseresponse manner. This study showed that in vivo PGE2 is a powerful activator of bone remodeling, it increases both bone resorption and bone formation, and produces an anabolic effect by shifting bone balance to the positive direction. Furthermore, PGE2-induced augmentation of metaphyseal bone area in ovariectomized rats was at least two times greater than in sham-operated rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological properties of osteoblastlike cells from the cortical endosteal surface of rabbit long bones (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Membrane potential ; Electrolyte and protein contents ; Cell pH ; Cyclic AMP and hormonal preparations ; Endosteal bone cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The mean transmembrane potential of cultured osteoblastlike cells isolated from the cortical endosteal surface of rabbit long bones was −16.9±0.64 mV (n=335). Elevation of potassium concentration in medium caused a decrease in potential. As the external concentration of potassium reached 15 mmol/liter and above, there was a linear relationship between the potassium concentration in log scale and the membrane potential with a slope of −13 mV per 10-fold change in external potassium concentration. Dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, parathyroid extract, hydrocortisone, and sodium fluoride all depolarized the membrane of osteoblast-like cells after both short (1–2 h) and long (24 h) exposures at suitable doses, whereas calcitonin and prostaglandin E2 hyperpolarized the membrane after long exposures. The Na+, K+ and Cl− concentrations of cultured osteoblastlike cells were 0.538, 0.984, and 0.358 mmol/g protein or 52.6, 96.3, and 35.0 mmol/liter cell water, respectively. The protein content of these cells was 8.18±0.6 g/100 g cells and the water content was 83.7 g/100 g cells. The above-mentioned chemical and hormonal preparations in doses that produced significant changes in the membrane potential of these cultured cells did not alter their electrolyte or protein contents 24 h after exposure. Intracellular pH of cultured osteoblastlike cells as determined by [14C]-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione and3H2O averaged 7.03 ± 0.11 when the pH of culture medium was maintained at 7.4. Calculations based on the values for the membrane potential and the electrolyte concentrations observed in this study indicate that Na+, and H+, and Cl− are actively transported out of the cells and K+ into the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405352
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trabecular bone structural variation in biopsy sites of the beagle ilium (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Ilium ; Trabecular bone ; Biopsy ; Variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Iliac trabecular bone sites were studied in 2 male and 2 female adult beagles to determine normal structural variability among different sites, and to identify transilial biopsy sites with minimum structural variation. Only sites that provided adequate amounts of trabecular bone were studied. Trabecular bone area and perimeter were measured on microradiographs of ground sagittal sections using a Quantimet 720 image analyzer, and percent bone, perimeter to area ratio, and mean trabecular width were calculated. Over 100% variation was found in the parameters studied among sections from different sites within the same animal. However, variability was minimal among sections obtained more than 2 mm from the lateral or medial cortex within the most caudal sites evaluated. Two sites appropriate for sampling with an 8 mm trephine were identified as being centered over the following points: (a) a point 7 mm caudal to the cranial dorsal spine and 7 mm ventral to the tuber sacrale, and (b) a point 7 mm caudal to the cranial ventral spine and 7 mm dorsal to the tuber coxae. Comparison of data obtained from males and females indicated that sampling variation may also be reduced by using dogs of one sex and by preferential use of males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411273
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone loss in the Beagle tibia: Influence of age, weight, and sex (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteopenia ; Tibia ; Aging ; Beagles ; Bone mineral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In a cross-sectional study, 154 Beagles (79 males, 74 females) ranging in age from 14 to 187 months were measured for bone mineral, bone width, and mineral-to-width ratio on the distal shaft of the right tibia using a photon absorptiometer. The measurements were evaluated with regard to age, sex and body weight. The results indicate that males were heavier than females in body weight, with weight being reduced in the older animals of both sexes. When compared on an age basis, males had more mineral, a wider tibia, and a greater mineral-to-width ratio than females. The males and females reach their peak mineral, and mineral-to-width ratio at about 6 years of age and then decline. On a body weight basis, mineral, width and mineral-to-width ratio all increase with increasing body weight, with bone width being the least affected by changes in body weight. The values for females are less than those for males in all parameters with the greatest differences occurring at the greater weights. The only variance from these observations was the greater mineral-to-width ratio in the lighter females. It is concluded that, when examining cortical bone, the Beagle is a model of age-related osteopenia, and body weight is an important consideration when explaining changes in bone mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409442
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of Osteoclasts from the Fusion of Phagocytes (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 225-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AN investigation of the sequel of partial ischmia by the intra-arterial injection of particulate suspensions of bone charcoal in the nutrient arteries of femurs in growing rabbits reveals evidence in support of the view that osteoclasts arise by fusion of mononuclear wandering cells (histiocytes, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/200225a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACTIVITY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STEROIDS UPON FIBROBLASTS AND BONES (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 82 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb08007.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The progress of the periodontal syndrome in the rice rat (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 16 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several morphometric and cellular parameters were studied in the rice rat (Oryzomys palustris). When fed a soft, high carbohydrate diet, a severe periodontal disease occurred, with significant alterations in the morphometric and cellular endpoints observed. Weaned animals were placed on a high carbohydrate diet for periods of 6, 12 or 18 weeks. There was a linear, rapid loss of bone by 18 weeks, approaching a 75 % loss of original bone. Vascular spaces decreased as the remaining connective tissue became fibrotic in character. The percentage of the interdental test site which was destroyed by periodontal disease increased dramatically over the time of the experiment. The numbers of fibroblasts per mm of bone surface increased slightly at the 18 week period; osteoblasts were unchanged at any period. The numbers of osteoclast nuclei rose dramatically by 12 weeks, and these cell nuclei remained at increased levels at 18 weeks. Also, the numbers of inflammatory cells residing at the bone surface increased greatly by 18 weeks time. Finally, the numbers of 3H-TdR labeled periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts increased significantly at both 12 and 18 weeks time. These cellular changes and their relation to the bone loss due to periodontal disease are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00976.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The progress of the periodontal syndrome in the rice rat (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 16 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of a diphosphonate, dichloromethylene diphosphonate (C12MDP) were studied using the rice rat as a model of periodontal bone loss. C12MDP was given in daily subcutaneous injections at dosages of 0 (control), 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg/day; these treatments were continued for periods of 6, 12, or 18 weeks. The amount of alveolar bone was increased over age matched controls at the 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day doses at 6 weeks; at 12 and 18 weeks, all doses including 0.1 mg/kg/day showed increases in bone over controls. Due to increased connective tissue fibrosis, the CI2MDP treated animals had fewer vascular spaces. Also, the amount of destroyed tissue in the interdental test site was increased in animals given 10.0 mg/kg/day of C12MDP. The number of fibroblasts per mm of bone surface decreased slightly at 6 weeks, but was otherwise not different from controls in treated animals at 12 and 18 weeks. Numbers of osteoblasts decreased greatly at all doses at both 12 and 18 weeks time. There were no significant differences between treated and control animals in the number of osteoclast nuclei per mm bone surface. Also, the numbers of inflammatory cells residing at the bone surface increased at all time periods in the 10.0 mg/kg/day dose group. Finally, the proliferative activity of PDL fibroblasts decreased dramatically at all time periods in the 10.0 mg/kg/day dose group. The response of the proximal tibia to C12MDP was compared to the alveolar bone response in these animals by measuring amounts of bone in respective areas. While the dose response curves are similar, the tibiae showed greater increases in bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00995.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perspectives on osteoporosis research: Its focus and some insights from a new paradigm (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Conclusion (1) Could future osteoporosis research begin to account for the things described in this editorial? (2) Could agencies that give grants to support that research begin to encourage that accounting? (3) Since the FDA guidelines have great influence on what osteoporosis research is done and not done, mitht revisions of the 1994 guidelines try to acknowledge those things?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301939
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on “Cyclosporin does not affect the absolute rate of cortical bone resportion at the organ level in the growing rat” (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 588-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298596
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