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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of mycelial development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using image analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Image analysis ; Glomus spp ; Extraradical mycelium ; Hyphal extraction ; Hyphal lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative and reproducible information concerning the development of the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is lacking due to the difficulties in extracting, identifying and estimating hyphal lengths. In this study, using a rhizobox growth system, the lengths of hyphae of AMF estimated using an image analysis system were not significantly different from data obtained by a trained observer using a modified grid-line intersect method. The assessment of lengths of hyphae on membrane filters or slides was, however, much quicker using image analysis, and allowed the complete sample to be quantified, unlike the grid-line method where a limited number of fields of view are assessed. The image analysis procedure is objective, observer-independent and less laborious than the manual method of assessment. Of the four different methods of sample preparation compared, membrane filter methods were found to be the most appropriate for quantitative sampling from three non-soil substrates. Glomus monosporum (UKC M3) produced twice as much extraradical mycelium and hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root than G. geosporum (BEG 11) on both leek and linseed in a durite sand at final harvest (63 days). Both AMF also produced more hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root on linseed than on leek. The spatial distribution of both AMF, however, was similar in durite sand and no correlation with levels of NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus was noted. In a third experiment, with G. manihotis (UKC INDO-1) colonising a tropical forage legume, Pueraria phaseoloides, in two other growth substrates, a different pattern of development of the extra-radical mycelium was observed. Because of a higher content of particulate matter, which collected on the membrane filters, the extraction technique had to be modified to give optimal performance of the image analysis system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202341
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of mycelial development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using image analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Image analysis ; Glomus spp. ; Extraradical mycelium ; Hyphal extraction ; Hyphal lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative and reproducible information concerning the development of the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is lacking due to the difficulties in extracting, identifying and estimating hyphal lengths. In this study, using a rhizobox growth system, the lengths of hyphae of AMF estimated using an image analysis system were not significantly different from data obtained by a trained observer using a modified grid-line intersect method. The assessment of lengths of hyphae on membrane filters or slides was, however, much quicker using image analysis, and allowed the complete sample to be quantified, unlike the grid-line method where a limited number of fields of view are assessed. The image analysis procedure is objective, observer-independent and less laborious than the manual method of assessment. Of the four different methods of sample preparation compared, membrane filter methods were found to be the most appropriate for quantitative sampling from three non-soil substrates. Glomus monosporum (UKC M3) produced twice as much extraradical mycelium and hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root than G. geosporum (BEG 11) on both leek and linseed in a durite sand at final harvest (63 days). Both AMF also produced more hyphal length per centimetre of colonised root on linseed than on leek. The spatial distribution of both AMF, however, was similar in durite sand and no correlation with levels of NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus was noted. In a third experiment, with G. manihotis (UKC INDO-1) colonising a tropical forage legume, Pueraria phaseoloides, in two other growth substrates, a different pattern of development of the extraradical mycelium was observed. Because of a higher content of particulate matter, which collected on the membrane filters, the extraction technique had to be modified to give optimal performance of the image analysis system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050046
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fungicides on three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 120-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Fungicides ; Glomus spp. ; Spore germination ; Root infection ; Carbendazim ; Tridemorph ; Propiconazole ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of field application rates of three fungicides on spore germination and root infection in three species of Glomus. Bavistin (carbendazim) prevented germination of spores of G. monosporum and G. mosseae whereas Calixin (tridemorph) had no effect. Tilt Turbo (propiconazole) inhibited spore germination less than Bavistin. Spores of G. geosporum germinated in the presence of all three fungicides. Foliar applications of Bavistin alone and in a triple-spray programme significantly reduced infection of all three Glomus species in wheat roots grown in conditions of low P availability (2 mg P 1−1). Two fungicides with triazole derivatives, Sportak and Tilt Turbo, also decreased infection and the former significantly reduced spore production of all three Glomus species. Calixin-treated plants, however, showed increased infection levels, resulting in greater yields and greater foliar-P concentrations than control plants. Milgo (ethirimol) was not detrimental to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) symbiosis when applied as a foliar spray.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292569
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of herbicides on three vesicular-arbuscular fungi associated with winter wheat (Riticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Herbicides ; Wheat ; Glomus spp. ; Spore germination ; Root infection ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Bifenox ; Mecoprop ; Difenzoquat methyl sulphate ; Chlortoluron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of field application rates of four herbicides (Avenge, Ceridor, Dicurane, and Harrier) on spore germination and infection of wheat roots by three species of Glomus grown under conditions of low P availability. Low concentrations of Ceridor (bifenox, mecoprop) and Harrier (mecoprop, ioxynil, clopyralid) inhibited spore germination while higher concentrations were stimulatory. Avenge (difenzoquat methyl sulphate) prevented spore germination completely, while Dicurane (chlortoluron) had no effect. The herbicide applications had no significant effect on the infection rates of any of the three fungi except Harrier on G. geosporum. The herbicide treatments did, however, affect plant growth and ear yields. Ceridor and Harrier increased ear yields, while Dicurane showed marked phytotoxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292568
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of various crops in different agricultural soils of northern Greece (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1988), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Greece ; Glomus ; Degree of root infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This paper reports the results of a survey of the occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and spores of the associated fungi in a variety of soils in Northern Greece. The roots of several crop species were examined for the presence of mycorrhizal structures and all samples showed evidence of infection, though to varying degrees. Cotton plants, in particular, had heavy arbuscular infection. Intact and presumably viable spores were relatively infrequent and empty non-viable spores were much more common. Soil characteristics at each sample site are reported also, but only broad generalizations are made at this stage with respect to correlations between mycorrhizal occurrence and edaphic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262142
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology and fine structure of sporangiospore germination in Piptocephalis unispora prior to infection (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Piptocephalis unispora ; Mucorales ; Kickxellaceae ; Electron microscopy ; Germination ; Spore swelling ; Sporangiospore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination of the sporangiospore of Piptocephalis unispora Benjamin, observed by means of light and electron microscopy, involved the formation of a new inner wall which became continous with the inner layer of the wall of the germ tube. The outer wall layer of the germ tube was continous with the original inner wall layer of the dormant spore. Preliminary details of appressorium structure were noted. Nutritional experiments indicated that sporangiospores required external sources of utilisable nitrogen and carbon compounds for maximal swelling and germ tube production. Limited development occurred when either nutrient was supplied singly. Comparison of germination of the asexual spore with that in other Mucorales, especially the Kickxellaceae, has been made, and the merosporangial status in P. unispora discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427874
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the sporangiospore of Piptocephalis unispora (Mucorales) (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 105 (1975), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Piptocephalis ; Electron Microscopy ; Sporangiospore ; Mucorales ; Freeze-Etching ; Merosporangium ; Plasmalemma ; Wall Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sporangiospore structure in Piptocephalis unispora Benjamin was studied using light microscopy, freeze-etching, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and compared with that of other members of the Mucorales. A merosporangial wall, plasmalemmal invaginations, and wall protuberances were demonstrated in sections and their possible significance discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447153
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of infection of Cokeromyces recurvatus by Piptocephalis unispora (Mucorales) (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Mucorales ; Piptocephalis ; Mycoparasitism ; Cokeromyces ; Yeastphase ; Appressorium ; Infection peg ; Penetration ; Haustorium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Infection of the mucoraceous host Cokeromyces recurvatus by Piptocephalis unispora was studied ultrastructurally, using a new technique involving yeast-phase cells of the host to obtain large numbers of infection sites for thin-sectioning. Morphologically, the haustorial apparatus was similar to that of fungi parasitic on higher plants, and comprised an appressorium, a neck region with a collar and a neck ring, and a lobed region surrounded by a sheath matrix enclosed in an extra-haustorial membrane. Penetration of the host by the infection peg probably involved both enzymatic degradation and physical pressure. Reaction of the host to infection is described and the results related to the theory of host infection by haustorial fungal parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446639
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical localization of lipolytic enzyme activity during penetration of host tissues by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 30 (1987), S. 77-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-5765
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(87)90084-1
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental biology of higher fungi. British Mycological Society Symposium 10 - Edited by D. Moore, L. A. Casselton, D. A. Wood and J. C. Franckland. xii + 615 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1985. Price £70.00 (£52.50 to BMS members)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 30 (1987), S. 154-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-5765
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(87)90091-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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